Pub Date : 2005-04-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0459
Chen Zhong-hong, Z. Ming
The investigation on hydrocarbon-expulsion from source rocks has made big advances in the following aspects: the mechanism and key factors on hydrocarbon expulsion, the research on the oil derived from coals and its exploration break, episodic hydrocarbon-expulsion, and establishment of compaction-fracturing model of hydrocarbon-expulsion. On the basis of current situation on the investigation, the paper brings forward several suggestions and prospects of the research: strengthen the high resolution research on the characteristics of the hydrocarbon-expulsion in the section of source rocks, set up the hydrocarbon-expulsion model including three phases(compaction, uncompaction and cracking), evaluate hydrocarbon-expulsion on classification of the anisotropic source rocks, and discuss the relation between hydrocarbon-expulsion and hydrocarbon accumulation.
{"title":"CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECT OF THE INVESTIGATION ON HYDROCARBON EXPULSION FROM SOURCE ROCKS","authors":"Chen Zhong-hong, Z. Ming","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0459","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation on hydrocarbon-expulsion from source rocks has made big advances in the following aspects: the mechanism and key factors on hydrocarbon expulsion, the research on the oil derived from coals and its exploration break, episodic hydrocarbon-expulsion, and establishment of compaction-fracturing model of hydrocarbon-expulsion. On the basis of current situation on the investigation, the paper brings forward several suggestions and prospects of the research: strengthen the high resolution research on the characteristics of the hydrocarbon-expulsion in the section of source rocks, set up the hydrocarbon-expulsion model including three phases(compaction, uncompaction and cracking), evaluate hydrocarbon-expulsion on classification of the anisotropic source rocks, and discuss the relation between hydrocarbon-expulsion and hydrocarbon accumulation.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132202728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0449
Ma An-lai, Zhang Shui-chang, Jin Zhijun, Zhang Da-jiang
The biodegradation of crude oil in the reservoir is an important alteration process and has undesirable impact on the oil physical property and economic value. Most of the world oil has been biodegraded. The effects of biodegradation on the ordinary biomarkers have been well known. Some advances in the biodegradation of the uneasily biodegraded biomarkers in recent years, such as high-molecular-weight alkanes, tricyclic terpanes and 25-norhorpane, were reviewed. At present, the details and mechanism taking place during the biodegradation are still obscure. Both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation mechanisms were discussed. It is proposed anaerobic biodegradation may be dominating and the biodegradation rate is very slow. The temperature was thought to be the main factor controlling the biodegradation. The biodegradation would cease at the reservoir temperature over 80℃. In most case, the biodegraded oils are mixing oils. The methods describing multiple hydrocarbon filling history of the biodegraded oil were introduced. Asphaltene of the biodegraded oil is unsusceptibility to biodegradation and its pyrolysate and Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed-oxidation production has important role in the oil-oil correlation and oil-source correlation for the biodegraded oil. Finally the trend of research on the biodegradation was proposed.
{"title":"THE ADVANCES IN THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE BIODEGRADED OIL","authors":"Ma An-lai, Zhang Shui-chang, Jin Zhijun, Zhang Da-jiang","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0449","url":null,"abstract":"The biodegradation of crude oil in the reservoir is an important alteration process and has undesirable impact on the oil physical property and economic value. Most of the world oil has been biodegraded. The effects of biodegradation on the ordinary biomarkers have been well known. Some advances in the biodegradation of the uneasily biodegraded biomarkers in recent years, such as high-molecular-weight alkanes, tricyclic terpanes and 25-norhorpane, were reviewed. At present, the details and mechanism taking place during the biodegradation are still obscure. Both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation mechanisms were discussed. It is proposed anaerobic biodegradation may be dominating and the biodegradation rate is very slow. The temperature was thought to be the main factor controlling the biodegradation. The biodegradation would cease at the reservoir temperature over 80℃. In most case, the biodegraded oils are mixing oils. The methods describing multiple hydrocarbon filling history of the biodegraded oil were introduced. Asphaltene of the biodegraded oil is unsusceptibility to biodegradation and its pyrolysate and Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed-oxidation production has important role in the oil-oil correlation and oil-source correlation for the biodegraded oil. Finally the trend of research on the biodegradation was proposed.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0442
Zhang Huafeng, Ye Qingpei, Zhai Mingguo
Recent advances and geological significance of magmatic epidote(MEp) are summaried in this article. MEp stability in magma is firmly correlated with temperature, pressure, fH_(2)O and fO_(2). Crystallization sequence from magma of MEp depends on pressure but not fO_(2) . while,fO_(2 )can changes MEp minimum cystallization pressure from 5×10~8 Pa(fO_(2)=NNO)to 3×10~8 Pa(fO_(2)=HM). MEp which crystallized earlier than biotite or hornblende in the magma, can not be used as a barometer, but be useful in caculating the ascent speed of magma. Those MEp that occurred as subsolid mineral with or without resorption of earlier-formed hornblende, can be use as pressure indicator for intrusion. With respect to the influence of fO_(2), Granite can be subdivided into Magnetite and Ilmenite series. MEp that occurred in Magnetite series granite indicates the minimum pressure of 3kbar and 5kbar of Ilmenite series granite.
{"title":"SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MAGMATIC EPIDOTE","authors":"Zhang Huafeng, Ye Qingpei, Zhai Mingguo","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0442","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances and geological significance of magmatic epidote(MEp) are summaried in this article. MEp stability in magma is firmly correlated with temperature, pressure, fH_(2)O and fO_(2). Crystallization sequence from magma of MEp depends on pressure but not fO_(2) . while,fO_(2 )can changes MEp minimum cystallization pressure from 5×10~8 Pa(fO_(2)=NNO)to 3×10~8 Pa(fO_(2)=HM). MEp which crystallized earlier than biotite or hornblende in the magma, can not be used as a barometer, but be useful in caculating the ascent speed of magma. Those MEp that occurred as subsolid mineral with or without resorption of earlier-formed hornblende, can be use as pressure indicator for intrusion. With respect to the influence of fO_(2), Granite can be subdivided into Magnetite and Ilmenite series. MEp that occurred in Magnetite series granite indicates the minimum pressure of 3kbar and 5kbar of Ilmenite series granite.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0477
W. Mingqi
The 21th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium (21th IGES) was held in Dublin, Ireland during August 28～September 3, 2003. Over 200 delegates from 27 nations attended the meeting. Fifty-eight papers were orally presented and fifty papers were posted at the meeting. In addition to the scientific program, the Annual General Meeting of the AEG (Association of Exploration Geochemits) passed a resolution for the name change from AEG to AAG (Association of Applied Geochemits). Conventional geochemical exploration techniques such as soil and stream sediment surveys have been playing an important role in mineral exploration, while lithogeochemistry and hydrogeochemistry are still lasting interests for geochemists. A great attention has being paid to the study of deep-penetrating techniques and its formation mechanism in overburden, which represents the future of exploration geochemistry, in the world recently; indicator minerals, isotopes and biogeochemical methods were studied for particular mineral deposits in the special landscapes, Canada and Australia. ICP/MS has been conventional procedures for the analysis of elements and isotopes in geochemical samples. Although the number of papers on environmental geochemistry was increased, most of them were related to the environmental geochemistry of mines or mineral deposits.
{"title":"EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY UPDATES AND POSSLBLE TRENDS FROM THE 21TH LNTERNATIONAL GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM[HT7]","authors":"W. Mingqi","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0477","url":null,"abstract":"The 21th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium (21th IGES) was held in Dublin, Ireland during August 28～September 3, 2003. Over 200 delegates from 27 nations attended the meeting. Fifty-eight papers were orally presented and fifty papers were posted at the meeting. In addition to the scientific program, the Annual General Meeting of the AEG (Association of Exploration Geochemits) passed a resolution for the name change from AEG to AAG (Association of Applied Geochemits). Conventional geochemical exploration techniques such as soil and stream sediment surveys have been playing an important role in mineral exploration, while lithogeochemistry and hydrogeochemistry are still lasting interests for geochemists. A great attention has being paid to the study of deep-penetrating techniques and its formation mechanism in overburden, which represents the future of exploration geochemistry, in the world recently; indicator minerals, isotopes and biogeochemical methods were studied for particular mineral deposits in the special landscapes, Canada and Australia. ICP/MS has been conventional procedures for the analysis of elements and isotopes in geochemical samples. Although the number of papers on environmental geochemistry was increased, most of them were related to the environmental geochemistry of mines or mineral deposits.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131663944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0384
Qi-guo Zhao, Gen-xing Pan
China is facing the great pressure under the Kyoto Protocol in reducing the rapid increasing emission of CO_(2 )resulted from the rapid industrialization. This paper deals with the issue of the study on status and dynamics of organic carbon stock of agricultural soils of China. China agriculture is meantime facing the double challenge of stabling the food production under the shortage of arable lands with decreasing soil productivity and of enhancing the C sink for mitigating the increasing CO_(2) emission. The general poor storage of organic carbon and the apparent significance in crop productivity in the arable soils of China offers a great potential and, however, an urgent need for C sequestration agriculture in China. The evolution of C stock of the agricultural soils in the last two decades and the possible sink effect, the overall C sequestration potential and the feasible rate should be taken into account in the issues of priority researches. The authors strongly suggest that a C sequestration strategy, a win-win strategy, and technology should be developed after well-done investigations of soil C sequestration and put into practice in croplands of China in the early 21~(th) century to meet the commitment to the Kyoto Protocol. Soil C sequestration links concerns of global change and food security for sustainable development of agriculture of China and buys China opportunity for control the fast increasing CO_(2) emission due to the rapid industrialization. Priority of research should be put to the following issues of soil C sequestration: (1) the overall C stock of China cropland soils and the changing dynamics with the agricultural development at various scales; (2) features of C cycling in cropland soils with land fragmentation, and under intensified agriculture and high chemical inputs; (3) coupling mechanisms of soil C sequestration and productivity enhancement for different farming systems for sustainable agriculture in the future.
{"title":"STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC CARBON STOCK IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CHINA: FACING THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY","authors":"Qi-guo Zhao, Gen-xing Pan","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0384","url":null,"abstract":"China is facing the great pressure under the Kyoto Protocol in reducing the rapid increasing emission of CO_(2 )resulted from the rapid industrialization. This paper deals with the issue of the study on status and dynamics of organic carbon stock of agricultural soils of China. China agriculture is meantime facing the double challenge of stabling the food production under the shortage of arable lands with decreasing soil productivity and of enhancing the C sink for mitigating the increasing CO_(2) emission. The general poor storage of organic carbon and the apparent significance in crop productivity in the arable soils of China offers a great potential and, however, an urgent need for C sequestration agriculture in China. The evolution of C stock of the agricultural soils in the last two decades and the possible sink effect, the overall C sequestration potential and the feasible rate should be taken into account in the issues of priority researches. The authors strongly suggest that a C sequestration strategy, a win-win strategy, and technology should be developed after well-done investigations of soil C sequestration and put into practice in croplands of China in the early 21~(th) century to meet the commitment to the Kyoto Protocol. Soil C sequestration links concerns of global change and food security for sustainable development of agriculture of China and buys China opportunity for control the fast increasing CO_(2) emission due to the rapid industrialization. Priority of research should be put to the following issues of soil C sequestration: (1) the overall C stock of China cropland soils and the changing dynamics with the agricultural development at various scales; (2) features of C cycling in cropland soils with land fragmentation, and under intensified agriculture and high chemical inputs; (3) coupling mechanisms of soil C sequestration and productivity enhancement for different farming systems for sustainable agriculture in the future.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127894938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0366
Sun Guang-you
The landforms of two landing regions used by the Courage and the Opportunity are both plains with differences in the form and the matter structure and the dynamic process. The region landed by Courage mainly is a wind erosion area and the Opportunity mainly is a wind deposit area. And the former belongs to the plate gravel plain,or call it a gravel desert. The latter belongs to wave sand plain with rock bed, a sand desert with rock hill. The wind should be a main power and the windy direction should also be perennially same. These wind landforms are the results had transformed from the water landforms,certainly, the change of the landform power is a great. According to the landform classification , they belong to the dry landform by the windy power , and there is no the melt-freeze process. If the existences of river , lake ,forest , grassland and marsh were possible on the ground of the Mars, the marsh wetland would be one which was disappeared in the last. There was big water in Mars in past time , but there was no direct evidence found in the tow landing regions , if there is water , it will only store in the deep of the underground , and the explorers are difficult in finding liquid water. The change of water in Mars may be a complex model.
{"title":"A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY ENVIRONMENT OF MARS REGION LANDED BY THE EXPLORES","authors":"Sun Guang-you","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0366","url":null,"abstract":"The landforms of two landing regions used by the Courage and the Opportunity are both plains with differences in the form and the matter structure and the dynamic process. The region landed by Courage mainly is a wind erosion area and the Opportunity mainly is a wind deposit area. And the former belongs to the plate gravel plain,or call it a gravel desert. The latter belongs to wave sand plain with rock bed, a sand desert with rock hill. The wind should be a main power and the windy direction should also be perennially same. These wind landforms are the results had transformed from the water landforms,certainly, the change of the landform power is a great. According to the landform classification , they belong to the dry landform by the windy power , and there is no the melt-freeze process. If the existences of river , lake ,forest , grassland and marsh were possible on the ground of the Mars, the marsh wetland would be one which was disappeared in the last. There was big water in Mars in past time , but there was no direct evidence found in the tow landing regions , if there is water , it will only store in the deep of the underground , and the explorers are difficult in finding liquid water. The change of water in Mars may be a complex model.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0345
H. Yong, Dan Li, Dong Wen-jie, Jiagn Jin-jun
In this paper we used an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM) that has been validated at regional and global scales to estimate the NPP (net primary production) variation of modern Chinese terrestrial ecosystems and its responses to the climate change. AVIM consists of two inter-coupled components: physical process and eco-physiological process, involving the mater and energy balance between the atmosphere, vegetation and soil. Chinese vegetation is classified 9 types and soil texture is classified into 6 types. The parameters of eco-physiological processes for each vegetation type for AVIM are collected. Daily weather data for 0.5×0.5 grid cells as the forcing of the model are generated from the monthly climate data, coming from the climate research unit, University of East Anglia, UK. The estimated NPP of chinese vegetation changes from 0 to 1 389 gC/(cm~2·a), averaging 355 gC/(cm~2·a). Vegetation from the rain forest has the high NPP value, and the low NPP corresponding to the shrub with no cover. The NPP decreases from east to west in China, with the highest NPP occuring at the south area of Yunnan Province, and the lowest appearing at Tibet and Xinjiang areas. Total NPP of the terrestrial ecosystems is (3.33) Pg C, suggesting that such amount of carbon is absorbed from the atmosphere by the vegetation in China. Our work also shows that precipitation is the main factor affecting the NPP of terrestrial ecosystems in China.
{"title":"THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION SIMULATION OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN CHINA BY AVIM","authors":"H. Yong, Dan Li, Dong Wen-jie, Jiagn Jin-jun","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0345","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we used an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM) that has been validated at regional and global scales to estimate the NPP (net primary production) variation of modern Chinese terrestrial ecosystems and its responses to the climate change. AVIM consists of two inter-coupled components: physical process and eco-physiological process, involving the mater and energy balance between the atmosphere, vegetation and soil. Chinese vegetation is classified 9 types and soil texture is classified into 6 types. The parameters of eco-physiological processes for each vegetation type for AVIM are collected. Daily weather data for 0.5×0.5 grid cells as the forcing of the model are generated from the monthly climate data, coming from the climate research unit, University of East Anglia, UK. The estimated NPP of chinese vegetation changes from 0 to 1 389 gC/(cm~2·a), averaging 355 gC/(cm~2·a). Vegetation from the rain forest has the high NPP value, and the low NPP corresponding to the shrub with no cover. The NPP decreases from east to west in China, with the highest NPP occuring at the south area of Yunnan Province, and the lowest appearing at Tibet and Xinjiang areas. Total NPP of the terrestrial ecosystems is (3.33) Pg C, suggesting that such amount of carbon is absorbed from the atmosphere by the vegetation in China. Our work also shows that precipitation is the main factor affecting the NPP of terrestrial ecosystems in China.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121805648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0320
Chen De-liang, Fan Li-jun, Fu Cong-bin
Coupled General Circulation models (AOGCMs) are widely used as an important tool of projecting global climate change. However, their resolution is too coarse to provide the regional scale information required for regional impact assessments. Therefore, downscaling methods for extracting regional scale information from output of AOGCMs have been developed. Regional climate models nested in AOGCMs, statistical downscaling, and dynamical-statistical downscaling are usually used for downscaling. In this review paper, focus is placed on statistical downscaling techniques. These methods can be used to predict regional scale climate from AOGCM output using statistical relationship between the large-scale climate and the regional-scale climate, which offers the advantages of being computationally inexpensive. The principle and assumptions of three categories of statistical downscaling are introduced. Important issues in using statistical downscaling to create future climate change scenario is also discussed. At the same time, dynamical downscaling is briefly compared with statistical downscaling in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, prospects of developing new downscaling techniques by combining statistical and dynamical downscaling techniques are pointed out.
{"title":"REVIEW ON CREATING FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS BY STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING TECHNIQUES","authors":"Chen De-liang, Fan Li-jun, Fu Cong-bin","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0320","url":null,"abstract":"Coupled General Circulation models (AOGCMs) are widely used as an important tool of projecting global climate change. However, their resolution is too coarse to provide the regional scale information required for regional impact assessments. Therefore, downscaling methods for extracting regional scale information from output of AOGCMs have been developed. Regional climate models nested in AOGCMs, statistical downscaling, and dynamical-statistical downscaling are usually used for downscaling. In this review paper, focus is placed on statistical downscaling techniques. These methods can be used to predict regional scale climate from AOGCM output using statistical relationship between the large-scale climate and the regional-scale climate, which offers the advantages of being computationally inexpensive. The principle and assumptions of three categories of statistical downscaling are introduced. Important issues in using statistical downscaling to create future climate change scenario is also discussed. At the same time, dynamical downscaling is briefly compared with statistical downscaling in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, prospects of developing new downscaling techniques by combining statistical and dynamical downscaling techniques are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127657822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.02.0240
Wang Wei-guo, Feng Zhao-dong, T.Narantsetseg, P. Khosbayar
This article has a brief review on Holocene climate changes in Mongolia. The studies of Mongolian Holocene climate changes mainly focused on the records of tree-rings, eolian sediments and lacustrine sediments. (1 783) years of temperature variability were inferred from tree-ring widths of Siberian pine at Hangai Mountain and about 340 years of precipitation and stream flow variability were reconstructed according to the data of tree-rings in east-central Mongolia. Eolian strata are distributed in the corridor running from Ulaanbaatar to Lake Baikal. The Holocene paleosols there can be correlated with that in Northern China. According to the studies of lacustrine sediments, there occur two Holocene climatic models, cool-dry/ warm-wetter model and cool-wetter/ warm-dry modelin Mongolia, bordered by Hangai Mountain, suggesting the complex of Mongolian Holocene climate changes. The water resource, combination of water and heat, atmospheric circulation may be different between the north and south of Mongolia. In a word, the studies of Mongolian Holocene climate changes are relatively poor and should be enhanced.
{"title":"THE STUDIES OF HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGES IN MONGOLIA: A REVIEW","authors":"Wang Wei-guo, Feng Zhao-dong, T.Narantsetseg, P. Khosbayar","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.02.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.02.0240","url":null,"abstract":"This article has a brief review on Holocene climate changes in Mongolia. The studies of Mongolian Holocene climate changes mainly focused on the records of tree-rings, eolian sediments and lacustrine sediments. (1 783) years of temperature variability were inferred from tree-ring widths of Siberian pine at Hangai Mountain and about 340 years of precipitation and stream flow variability were reconstructed according to the data of tree-rings in east-central Mongolia. Eolian strata are distributed in the corridor running from Ulaanbaatar to Lake Baikal. The Holocene paleosols there can be correlated with that in Northern China. According to the studies of lacustrine sediments, there occur two Holocene climatic models, cool-dry/ warm-wetter model and cool-wetter/ warm-dry modelin Mongolia, bordered by Hangai Mountain, suggesting the complex of Mongolian Holocene climate changes. The water resource, combination of water and heat, atmospheric circulation may be different between the north and south of Mongolia. In a word, the studies of Mongolian Holocene climate changes are relatively poor and should be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115996649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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