A business model describes the mechanisms whereby a firm creates, delivers, and captures value. Following the steadily growing interest in business model innovation, software tools have shown great potential in supporting business model development and innovation. Yet, understanding the cognitive processes involved in the generation of business model ideas is an aspect of software design-knowledge that has so far been neglected. To investigate whether providing stimuli - in this case, brainstorming questions - can enhance individual creativity in this context, we conduct an exploratory experiment with over 100 participants. Our study is the first to systematically investigate the process of idea generation using a software-based business model development tool with stimuli. Our preliminary findings have the potential to support the future development of business model development tools and to refine the research design used to evaluate such tools.
{"title":"Can Stimuli Improve Business Model Idea Generation?: Developing Software-Based Tools for Business Model Innovation","authors":"Daniel Szopinski","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3326572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326572","url":null,"abstract":"A business model describes the mechanisms whereby a firm creates, delivers, and captures value. Following the steadily growing interest in business model innovation, software tools have shown great potential in supporting business model development and innovation. Yet, understanding the cognitive processes involved in the generation of business model ideas is an aspect of software design-knowledge that has so far been neglected. To investigate whether providing stimuli - in this case, brainstorming questions - can enhance individual creativity in this context, we conduct an exploratory experiment with over 100 participants. Our study is the first to systematically investigate the process of idea generation using a software-based business model development tool with stimuli. Our preliminary findings have the potential to support the future development of business model development tools and to refine the research design used to evaluate such tools.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127286951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Long, Tom McKlin, Anna Weisling, William Martin, H. Guthrie, Brian Magerko
Co-creative (i.e. collaboratively creative) activities involving physical interaction are becoming more prevalent in museums as a way of promoting opportunities for exploratory learning-through-doing. However, there is still a need for new techniques for understanding how physical interaction relates to engagement and creative expression in order to both evaluate exhibits and iterate on their design. This article reports on a study of how family groups physically interact in a museum environment with a specific co-creative exhibit--TuneTable. We relate observable markers of physical interaction with stages of engagement/expression based in the literature and identify several different trajectories of participant engagement and creative expression as they navigate the exhibit. We explore what these trajectories tell us about the types of inquiry and experimentation that TuneTable supports and discuss design implications. This paper's main contribution is a deep study of how physical markers reveal trajectories of creative engagement within a specific co-creative installation.
{"title":"Trajectories of Physical Engagement and Expression in a Co-Creative Museum Installation","authors":"D. Long, Tom McKlin, Anna Weisling, William Martin, H. Guthrie, Brian Magerko","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3325505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325505","url":null,"abstract":"Co-creative (i.e. collaboratively creative) activities involving physical interaction are becoming more prevalent in museums as a way of promoting opportunities for exploratory learning-through-doing. However, there is still a need for new techniques for understanding how physical interaction relates to engagement and creative expression in order to both evaluate exhibits and iterate on their design. This article reports on a study of how family groups physically interact in a museum environment with a specific co-creative exhibit--TuneTable. We relate observable markers of physical interaction with stages of engagement/expression based in the literature and identify several different trajectories of participant engagement and creative expression as they navigate the exhibit. We explore what these trajectories tell us about the types of inquiry and experimentation that TuneTable supports and discuss design implications. This paper's main contribution is a deep study of how physical markers reveal trajectories of creative engagement within a specific co-creative installation.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123531454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiffany Knearem, Xiying Wang, Jiaan Wan, John Millar Carroll
People express their creativity through something that they enjoy doing. Through engagement in creative work, creators cultivate their identity, enhance problem-solving skills, and speak their thoughts and feelings. In this paper, we look into how a community of practice supports members in legitimizing their creativity. We conducted a user study with members of a home brewing community to understand their creative beer-crafting practice. We first interviewed 11 home brewers, nine of which are members of a home brew club and two who did not belong to any home brewing organization. We then observed club members as they participated in club activities. Our findings suggest that two types of resource sharing are key in supporting different aspects of creativity in a community of practice. Based on these findings, we propose design strategies for supporting sharing in a creative community of practice.
{"title":"Crafting in a Community of Practice: Resource Sharing as Key in Supporting Creativity","authors":"Tiffany Knearem, Xiying Wang, Jiaan Wan, John Millar Carroll","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3325487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325487","url":null,"abstract":"People express their creativity through something that they enjoy doing. Through engagement in creative work, creators cultivate their identity, enhance problem-solving skills, and speak their thoughts and feelings. In this paper, we look into how a community of practice supports members in legitimizing their creativity. We conducted a user study with members of a home brewing community to understand their creative beer-crafting practice. We first interviewed 11 home brewers, nine of which are members of a home brew club and two who did not belong to any home brewing organization. We then observed club members as they participated in club activities. Our findings suggest that two types of resource sharing are key in supporting different aspects of creativity in a community of practice. Based on these findings, we propose design strategies for supporting sharing in a creative community of practice.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122866982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tricia J. Ngoon, Caren M. Walker, Scott R. Klemmer
Effective creative work requires both "hot" (exploratory) and "cool" (exploitative) thinking. Unfortunately, many people (especially novices) under-explore, jumping to the "cool'' part too quickly, because they assume their current thinking "has to be" the path. This paper presents empirical results of how metaphorical problem framing scaffolds can influence creative performance. The task used De Bono's "Thinking Hats." In a between-subjects experiment comparing exploratory to exploitative problem frames, the exploratory problem frame led to more original designs and more diverse ideas during brainstorming. This work provides an empirical baseline of how -- even for short tasks -- assigning people responsibility for broad thinking leads to better creative work.
{"title":"The Dark Side of Satisficing: Setting the Temperature of Creative Thinking","authors":"Tricia J. Ngoon, Caren M. Walker, Scott R. Klemmer","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3326581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326581","url":null,"abstract":"Effective creative work requires both \"hot\" (exploratory) and \"cool\" (exploitative) thinking. Unfortunately, many people (especially novices) under-explore, jumping to the \"cool'' part too quickly, because they assume their current thinking \"has to be\" the path. This paper presents empirical results of how metaphorical problem framing scaffolds can influence creative performance. The task used De Bono's \"Thinking Hats.\" In a between-subjects experiment comparing exploratory to exploitative problem frames, the exploratory problem frame led to more original designs and more diverse ideas during brainstorming. This work provides an empirical baseline of how -- even for short tasks -- assigning people responsibility for broad thinking leads to better creative work.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114181081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What is the nature of design, and the meaning it holds in human life? What does it mean to design well-to design ethically? How can the shaping of technology reflect our values as human beings? Drawing from the unconventional book Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime [1], this keynote breaks down the designs of everyday tools, software, toys, musical instruments, and social experiences, examining the ways in which we shape technology and how technology shapes our society, and us in turn. This is a meditation for the "engineer with a soul" as well as for anyone curious (or concerned) about technology - not only what it does for us, but also what it does to us.
设计的本质是什么?它在人类生活中的意义是什么?什么是优秀的设计，什么是合乎道德的设计?技术的塑造如何反映我们作为人类的价值观?从非传统的书《艺术设计:追求崇高的技术》(art Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime)中汲取灵感[1]，这个主题打破了日常工具、软件、玩具、乐器和社会体验的设计，研究了我们塑造技术的方式，以及技术如何塑造我们的社会，反过来又如何塑造我们。这是对“有灵魂的工程师”以及任何对技术好奇(或关心)的人的沉思——不仅仅是它为我们做了什么，还有它对我们做了什么。
{"title":"(Keynote) Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime!","authors":"Ge Wang","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3325524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325524","url":null,"abstract":"What is the nature of design, and the meaning it holds in human life? What does it mean to design well-to design ethically? How can the shaping of technology reflect our values as human beings? Drawing from the unconventional book Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime [1], this keynote breaks down the designs of everyday tools, software, toys, musical instruments, and social experiences, examining the ways in which we shape technology and how technology shapes our society, and us in turn. This is a meditation for the \"engineer with a soul\" as well as for anyone curious (or concerned) about technology - not only what it does for us, but also what it does to us.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121981247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online crowds, with their large numbers and diversity, show great potential for creativity. Research has explored different ways of augmenting their creative performance, particularly during large-scale brainstorming sessions. Traditionally, this comes in the form of showing ideators some form of inspiration to get them to explore more categories or generate more and better ideas. The mechanisms used to select which inspirations are shown to ideators thus far have not taken into consideration ideators' individualities, which could hinder the effectiveness of support. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate CrowdMuse, a novel adaptive system for supporting large-scale brainstorming. The system models ideators based on their past ideas and adapts the system views and inspiration mechanism accordingly. We evaluate CrowdMuse over two iterative large online studies and discuss the implication of our findings for designing adaptive creativity support systems.
{"title":"CrowdMuse: Supporting Crowd Idea Generation through User Modeling and Adaptation","authors":"Victor Girotto, Erin Walker, W. Burleson","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3325497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325497","url":null,"abstract":"Online crowds, with their large numbers and diversity, show great potential for creativity. Research has explored different ways of augmenting their creative performance, particularly during large-scale brainstorming sessions. Traditionally, this comes in the form of showing ideators some form of inspiration to get them to explore more categories or generate more and better ideas. The mechanisms used to select which inspirations are shown to ideators thus far have not taken into consideration ideators' individualities, which could hinder the effectiveness of support. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate CrowdMuse, a novel adaptive system for supporting large-scale brainstorming. The system models ideators based on their past ideas and adapts the system views and inspiration mechanism accordingly. We evaluate CrowdMuse over two iterative large online studies and discuss the implication of our findings for designing adaptive creativity support systems.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117256233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
César Torres, Matthew Jörke, Emily Hill, E. Paulos
Tacit knowledge is a type of knowledge often existing in one's subconscious or embodied in muscle memory. Such knowledge is pervasive in creative practices yet remains difficult to observe or codify. To better understand tacit knowledge, we introduce a design method that leverages time-series data (interaction logs, physical sensor, and biosignal data) to isolate unique actions and behaviors between groups of users. This method is enacted in Eluent, a tool that distills hundreds of hours of dense activity data using an activity segmentation algorithm into a codebook - a set of distinct, characteristic sequences that comprise an activity. The results are made visually parsable in a representation we term process chromatograms that aid with 1) highlighting distinct periods of activity in creative sessions, 2) identifying distinct groups of users, and 3) characterizing periods of activity. We demonstrate the value of our method through a study of tacit process within computational notebooks and discuss ways process chromatograms can act as a knowledge mining technique, an evaluation metric, and a design-informing visualization.
{"title":"Hybrid Microgenetic Analysis: Using Activity Codebooks to Identify and Characterize Creative Process","authors":"César Torres, Matthew Jörke, Emily Hill, E. Paulos","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3325498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325498","url":null,"abstract":"Tacit knowledge is a type of knowledge often existing in one's subconscious or embodied in muscle memory. Such knowledge is pervasive in creative practices yet remains difficult to observe or codify. To better understand tacit knowledge, we introduce a design method that leverages time-series data (interaction logs, physical sensor, and biosignal data) to isolate unique actions and behaviors between groups of users. This method is enacted in Eluent, a tool that distills hundreds of hours of dense activity data using an activity segmentation algorithm into a codebook - a set of distinct, characteristic sequences that comprise an activity. The results are made visually parsable in a representation we term process chromatograms that aid with 1) highlighting distinct periods of activity in creative sessions, 2) identifying distinct groups of users, and 3) characterizing periods of activity. We demonstrate the value of our method through a study of tacit process within computational notebooks and discuss ways process chromatograms can act as a knowledge mining technique, an evaluation metric, and a design-informing visualization.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129424676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly pervasive in our everyday lives. There are consequently many common misconceptions about what AI is, what it is capable of, and how it works. Compounding the issue, opportunities to learn about AI are often limited to audiences who already have access to and knowledge about technology. Increasing access to AI in public spaces has the potential to broaden public AI literacy, and experiences involving co-creative (i.e. collaboratively creative) AI are particularly well-suited for engaging a broad range of participants. This paper explores how to design co-creative AI for public interaction spaces, drawing both on existing literature and our own experiences designing co-creative AI for public venues. It presents a set of design principles that can aid others in the development of co-creative AI for public spaces as well as guide future research agendas.
{"title":"Designing Co-Creative AI for Public Spaces","authors":"D. Long, Mikhail Jacob, Brian Magerko","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3325504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325504","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly pervasive in our everyday lives. There are consequently many common misconceptions about what AI is, what it is capable of, and how it works. Compounding the issue, opportunities to learn about AI are often limited to audiences who already have access to and knowledge about technology. Increasing access to AI in public spaces has the potential to broaden public AI literacy, and experiences involving co-creative (i.e. collaboratively creative) AI are particularly well-suited for engaging a broad range of participants. This paper explores how to design co-creative AI for public interaction spaces, drawing both on existing literature and our own experiences designing co-creative AI for public venues. It presents a set of design principles that can aid others in the development of co-creative AI for public spaces as well as guide future research agendas.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123310393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We picture various forms of engagement with Tea (and Coffee). The images are selected from a large and ongoing collection of street photography and posed images along this theme. The images as presented here are prompts to interaction design inspirations, after the style of [1]. The text is deliberately minimal, as part of a focus on visually rich content for and advancement of the form of primarily photographic pictorials in HCI.
{"title":"All the Tea in China: Interaction Design Inspirations","authors":"S. Blevis, Eli Blevis, B. Nardi","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3326569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326569","url":null,"abstract":"We picture various forms of engagement with Tea (and Coffee). The images are selected from a large and ongoing collection of street photography and posed images along this theme. The images as presented here are prompts to interaction design inspirations, after the style of [1]. The text is deliberately minimal, as part of a focus on visually rich content for and advancement of the form of primarily photographic pictorials in HCI.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114331262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Creative work combines exploratory thinking to find novel solutions and exploitative thinking to refine those solutions. People often assume that the idea they come up with has to be the "correct solution," leading to under-exploration and preemptive exploitation. Despite advances in the practitioner literature, a cognitive and empirical basis of exploration strategies remains sparse. My dissertation examines scaffolding methods to enhance exploration in creative tasks. I investigate this through two interventions at different stages of the creative process. First, interactive guidance and adaptive suggestions embodied in the CritiqueKit system to improve evaluation of creative work. Second, problem-framing scaffolds that attune people towards the phases of exploration and exploitation during ideation. My research demonstrates content and process scaffolds with applications in the design of creativity support tools and creative education pedagogy.
{"title":"Overcoming Satisficing: Scaffolds for Amplifying Creativity","authors":"Tricia J. Ngoon","doi":"10.1145/3325480.3326566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326566","url":null,"abstract":"Creative work combines exploratory thinking to find novel solutions and exploitative thinking to refine those solutions. People often assume that the idea they come up with has to be the \"correct solution,\" leading to under-exploration and preemptive exploitation. Despite advances in the practitioner literature, a cognitive and empirical basis of exploration strategies remains sparse. My dissertation examines scaffolding methods to enhance exploration in creative tasks. I investigate this through two interventions at different stages of the creative process. First, interactive guidance and adaptive suggestions embodied in the CritiqueKit system to improve evaluation of creative work. Second, problem-framing scaffolds that attune people towards the phases of exploration and exploitation during ideation. My research demonstrates content and process scaffolds with applications in the design of creativity support tools and creative education pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":415260,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Creativity and Cognition","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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