Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.2.110
Dae-Geun Park, Wonkyong Jung, Do-June Jeong, J. Baek, Jinwook Lee
: The rapid expansion of buildings and paved roads increases the risk of flood disaster in an urban area. One of the solutions can be the use of permeable pavements. This study evaluated the permeability of permeable blocks used for the roadway pavement. Joint fillers and mat sands of the investigated blocks met the corresponding standards. The flexural strength of the blocks was 5.29 MPa to meet these standards. Based on interior permeability test results after pollution, the four products evaluated were categorized into the following three levels: One for the 1 st level, one for the 2 nd level and two for the 3 rd level. From the field permeability test and pervious concrete infiltration test results nine months after their construction, all the products except one passed the quality standards of 0.1 mm/s.
{"title":"Evaluation of Field Permeability and Material Characteristics of Permeable Block for Roadway Pavement","authors":"Dae-Geun Park, Wonkyong Jung, Do-June Jeong, J. Baek, Jinwook Lee","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.2.110","url":null,"abstract":": The rapid expansion of buildings and paved roads increases the risk of flood disaster in an urban area. One of the solutions can be the use of permeable pavements. This study evaluated the permeability of permeable blocks used for the roadway pavement. Joint fillers and mat sands of the investigated blocks met the corresponding standards. The flexural strength of the blocks was 5.29 MPa to meet these standards. Based on interior permeability test results after pollution, the four products evaluated were categorized into the following three levels: One for the 1 st level, one for the 2 nd level and two for the 3 rd level. From the field permeability test and pervious concrete infiltration test results nine months after their construction, all the products except one passed the quality standards of 0.1 mm/s.","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122420517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.2.143
Yunsoo Chu, Hyun-Moo Cho, Kang-Hyun Cho
Shoreline armoring is a globally used engineering strategy to prevent shoreline erosion along stream, lake and reservoir coastlines. Armoring alters the land-water interface and has the potential to affect shoreline vegetation by changing nearshore geomorphology, hydrology, sediment composition and water quality. We quantified the effects of the artificial disturbances and alternation of the land-water interface on the community structure and distribution of shoreline vegetation in a large reservoir, Uiam Reservoir, Korea. More than 60% of shorelines were disturbed by armoring with retaining wall of concrete block, riprap and gabion in the Uiam Reservoir. The results of detrended correspondence analysis showed that the vegetation structures of the shoreline modified by armoring changed from hydrophyte-dominated to hygrophyte-dominated ecosystems. The shoreline armoring caused the disruption of gradual continuity in the water-land interface and the biological invasion by alien plants. The changes in distribution area of shoreline vegetation showed that the area of hydrophytic vegetation decreased and that of hygrophytic vegetation increased from 2010 to 2013. In conclusion, the human disturbance such as armoring, road construction, recreation etc. could lead to terrestrialization, the loss of transverse continuity and biological invasion in the shoreline vegetation of the Reservoir Uiam. Our findings suggest that redesigning or removing shoreline armoring structures may benefit nearshore hydrophytic vegetation for the conservation of novel shoreline ecosystems.
{"title":"Response of Vegetation to Shoreline Alternation in a Large Reservoir","authors":"Yunsoo Chu, Hyun-Moo Cho, Kang-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.2.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.2.143","url":null,"abstract":"Shoreline armoring is a globally used engineering strategy to prevent shoreline erosion along stream, lake and reservoir coastlines. Armoring alters the land-water interface and has the potential to affect shoreline vegetation by changing nearshore geomorphology, hydrology, sediment composition and water quality. We quantified the effects of the artificial disturbances and alternation of the land-water interface on the community structure and distribution of shoreline vegetation in a large reservoir, Uiam Reservoir, Korea. More than 60% of shorelines were disturbed by armoring with retaining wall of concrete block, riprap and gabion in the Uiam Reservoir. The results of detrended correspondence analysis showed that the vegetation structures of the shoreline modified by armoring changed from hydrophyte-dominated to hygrophyte-dominated ecosystems. The shoreline armoring caused the disruption of gradual continuity in the water-land interface and the biological invasion by alien plants. The changes in distribution area of shoreline vegetation showed that the area of hydrophytic vegetation decreased and that of hygrophytic vegetation increased from 2010 to 2013. In conclusion, the human disturbance such as armoring, road construction, recreation etc. could lead to terrestrialization, the loss of transverse continuity and biological invasion in the shoreline vegetation of the Reservoir Uiam. Our findings suggest that redesigning or removing shoreline armoring structures may benefit nearshore hydrophytic vegetation for the conservation of novel shoreline ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131729830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.046
Sung-ae Park, H. Kong, Seung-hyun Kim, Sung-Min Park, Young-Kyu Shin
Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaReceived 4 March 2016, revised 10 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the different land covers of an urban park (Hyowon park) in downtown Suwon on the urban thermal variations during a hot summer. The effect of the air temperature reduction in the urban park was 4.4%-4.5% for the downtown residence (Maetan-dong). This value was about 0.8% lower than that of the outskirts residence (Sanggwanggyo-dong). The daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, summer day and heat wave frequency were measured under the different land covers (cement-block, grass, pine-grass, shading area and mixed forest) showed these values generally decreased under natural land cover types. Daily minimum temperature and tropical night frequency didn’t seem to correlate with the land cover types. Means of thermal comfort indices (wet bulb globe temperature, heat index and discomfort index) in the shading area, mixed forest and the pine-grass types were lower than those of cement block and grass types. However the levels of those indices were equal to ‘very high’ or ‘caution’ levels in the afternoon (13:00-15:00). In the morning (06:00-08:00), thermal comfort indices of the urban park didn’t correlate with land cover types. Therefore, to reduce heat stress and to improve the thermal comfort in urban parks, an increase in the area of natural land cover such as grass, forest and open spaces is required. KEYWORDS: Land cover, Thermal environment, Thermal comforts index, Urban park요 약: 본 연구는 수원시 도심에 위치한 도시공원인 효원공원을 대상으로 여름철 대기온도 저감효과를 확인하고, 공원을 구성하는 서로 다른 피복유형별 특성을 파악하기 위하여 열 환경을 실측하고 분석하였다. 도시공원의 여름철 대기온도저감효과는 도심주거지 (매탄동) 대비 평균 4.4-4.5%로 통계적으로 유의하였고 ( p<0.001), 수원시의 외곽주거지 (상광교동) 보다는 약 0.8% 낮은 수준이었다. 도시공원 내 피복유형 (보도 블럭, 잔디 식재지, 소나무-잔디 식재지, 수목 차광지 및 혼합림 조경지)에 따른 열환경은 자연소재의 유형일수록 일평균기온, 일최고기온, 여름일수가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그러나, 일최저기온 및 열대야일수는 피복유형에 따른 상관관계가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 오후시간대 (13:00-15:00)에 혼합림 조경지, 수목 차광지, 소나무-잔디 식재지의 불쾌지수 (DI), 습구흑구온도 (WBGT) 및 열지수 (HI)의 평균값이 보도 블록과 잔디 식재지보다 낮아서 자연소재의 피복 유형의 열쾌적성이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 각 지수에 대한 등급은 모든 피복 유형에서 ‘가장 높음’ 또는 ‘주의’ 단계로 동일하였다. 한편 오전 (06:00-08:00)에는 토지 피복유형별 열쾌적성에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 도시에서 열 환경을 개선하기 위하여는 초지, 숲 및 개방 지역의 토지 피복 유형을 증가하여야 한다.핵심어: 토지피복, 열환경, 열쾌적성 지수, 도시공원*Corresponding author: rosa337@korea.kr, ORCID: 0000-0002-6533-2511
{"title":"Characteristics of Thermal Variations with the Different Land Covers in an Urban Area","authors":"Sung-ae Park, H. Kong, Seung-hyun Kim, Sung-Min Park, Young-Kyu Shin","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.046","url":null,"abstract":"Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaReceived 4 March 2016, revised 10 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the different land covers of an urban park (Hyowon park) in downtown Suwon on the urban thermal variations during a hot summer. The effect of the air temperature reduction in the urban park was 4.4%-4.5% for the downtown residence (Maetan-dong). This value was about 0.8% lower than that of the outskirts residence (Sanggwanggyo-dong). The daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, summer day and heat wave frequency were measured under the different land covers (cement-block, grass, pine-grass, shading area and mixed forest) showed these values generally decreased under natural land cover types. Daily minimum temperature and tropical night frequency didn’t seem to correlate with the land cover types. Means of thermal comfort indices (wet bulb globe temperature, heat index and discomfort index) in the shading area, mixed forest and the pine-grass types were lower than those of cement block and grass types. However the levels of those indices were equal to ‘very high’ or ‘caution’ levels in the afternoon (13:00-15:00). In the morning (06:00-08:00), thermal comfort indices of the urban park didn’t correlate with land cover types. Therefore, to reduce heat stress and to improve the thermal comfort in urban parks, an increase in the area of natural land cover such as grass, forest and open spaces is required. KEYWORDS: Land cover, Thermal environment, Thermal comforts index, Urban park요 약: 본 연구는 수원시 도심에 위치한 도시공원인 효원공원을 대상으로 여름철 대기온도 저감효과를 확인하고, 공원을 구성하는 서로 다른 피복유형별 특성을 파악하기 위하여 열 환경을 실측하고 분석하였다. 도시공원의 여름철 대기온도저감효과는 도심주거지 (매탄동) 대비 평균 4.4-4.5%로 통계적으로 유의하였고 ( p<0.001), 수원시의 외곽주거지 (상광교동) 보다는 약 0.8% 낮은 수준이었다. 도시공원 내 피복유형 (보도 블럭, 잔디 식재지, 소나무-잔디 식재지, 수목 차광지 및 혼합림 조경지)에 따른 열환경은 자연소재의 유형일수록 일평균기온, 일최고기온, 여름일수가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그러나, 일최저기온 및 열대야일수는 피복유형에 따른 상관관계가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 오후시간대 (13:00-15:00)에 혼합림 조경지, 수목 차광지, 소나무-잔디 식재지의 불쾌지수 (DI), 습구흑구온도 (WBGT) 및 열지수 (HI)의 평균값이 보도 블록과 잔디 식재지보다 낮아서 자연소재의 피복 유형의 열쾌적성이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 각 지수에 대한 등급은 모든 피복 유형에서 ‘가장 높음’ 또는 ‘주의’ 단계로 동일하였다. 한편 오전 (06:00-08:00)에는 토지 피복유형별 열쾌적성에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 도시에서 열 환경을 개선하기 위하여는 초지, 숲 및 개방 지역의 토지 피복 유형을 증가하여야 한다.핵심어: 토지피복, 열환경, 열쾌적성 지수, 도시공원*Corresponding author: rosa337@korea.kr, ORCID: 0000-0002-6533-2511","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129789289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.014
G. Kim, C. Jang
Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaReceived 5 February 2016, revised 9 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: This study investigated the behavior of sediment bars in a compound channel with a drop structure. Flow was separated into side banks by alternate bars, and flow was concentrated into the downstream of bar fronts. The bed downstream of a drop structure degradated due to the concentrated flow from it. Bar shapes were kept by the influence of their shapes upstream. Alternate bars, central bars, and multiple bars were developed as the width to depth ratio increased, and the number of bars increased. The bar in the downstream of a drop structure decreased in length due to the concentration of flow and its disturbance. KEYWORDS: Bed change, Drop structure, Numerical model, Sediment bars요 약: 본 연구에서는 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 복단면 하도에서 낙차공을 고려하여 하도 변화와 사주의 거동 특성을 분석하였다. 교호사주에 의하여 흐름이 분리되며, 사주의 선단부에서 흐름이 집중되고 수충부가 형성되었다. 낙차공에 의하여 흐름은 하도 전체에 균등하게 분산되었으며, 낙차공 하류에서는 흐름이 집중되고 하상고가 낮아졌다. 그러나 사주의 형상은 낙차공 상류의 영향을 받아 교호사주의 형상을 유지되었다. 하폭 대 수심이 증가하면서 교호사주, 중앙사주, 복렬사주가 형성되었으며, 사주의 수가 증가하였다. 낙차공에 의하여 흐름이 집중되어 낙차공 상류에서 사주길이보다 낙차공 하류에서 사주길이가 더 짧게 나타났다. 핵심어: 하상변동, 낙차공, 수치모형, 사주*Corresponding author: cljang@ut.ac.kr, ORCID 0000-0001-8041-6230
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of the Behavior of Bars in a Compound Channel with a Drop Structure","authors":"G. Kim, C. Jang","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.014","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaReceived 5 February 2016, revised 9 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: This study investigated the behavior of sediment bars in a compound channel with a drop structure. Flow was separated into side banks by alternate bars, and flow was concentrated into the downstream of bar fronts. The bed downstream of a drop structure degradated due to the concentrated flow from it. Bar shapes were kept by the influence of their shapes upstream. Alternate bars, central bars, and multiple bars were developed as the width to depth ratio increased, and the number of bars increased. The bar in the downstream of a drop structure decreased in length due to the concentration of flow and its disturbance. KEYWORDS: Bed change, Drop structure, Numerical model, Sediment bars요 약: 본 연구에서는 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 복단면 하도에서 낙차공을 고려하여 하도 변화와 사주의 거동 특성을 분석하였다. 교호사주에 의하여 흐름이 분리되며, 사주의 선단부에서 흐름이 집중되고 수충부가 형성되었다. 낙차공에 의하여 흐름은 하도 전체에 균등하게 분산되었으며, 낙차공 하류에서는 흐름이 집중되고 하상고가 낮아졌다. 그러나 사주의 형상은 낙차공 상류의 영향을 받아 교호사주의 형상을 유지되었다. 하폭 대 수심이 증가하면서 교호사주, 중앙사주, 복렬사주가 형성되었으며, 사주의 수가 증가하였다. 낙차공에 의하여 흐름이 집중되어 낙차공 상류에서 사주길이보다 낙차공 하류에서 사주길이가 더 짧게 나타났다. 핵심어: 하상변동, 낙차공, 수치모형, 사주*Corresponding author: cljang@ut.ac.kr, ORCID 0000-0001-8041-6230","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131685404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.062
Dong-gil Cho, Yun-Jin Shim
Nexus Environmental Design Centre, Uiwang 16006, KoreaReceived 25 February 2016, revised 11 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: Narrow-mouth frog (Kaloula borealis ) is the only amphibian species of genus Kaloula living in South Korea. They are designated and managed as endangered class II wildlife by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Therefore, there is a desperate need of a habitat restoration study to prevent the extinction of narrow-mouth frog. This study is primarily for the purpose of presenting the direction and practical applications to restore damaged narrow-mouth frog habitats or to suggest alternative habitat options. The habitat suitability index (HSI) of narrow-mouth frog was applied to the research area in Mokpo City of Jeollanam-do Province, in order to present a new narrow-mouth frog habitat. We analyzed the research area based on historical contexts, ecological environment, ecology, and habitat requirements. The research area was divided into the core, buffer, and transition zones according to UNESCO MAB (Man and Biosphere) to establish local land-use plans. As for the foundation of the plan, we divided the habitat composition of the core, where narrow-mouth frog live in, into wetland (spawning area), grassland (shelter and feeding grounds), and forestland (feeding ground). We had a comparative analysis of habitat suitability in pre and post planning of narrow-mouth frog habitat restoration. For the validation study of habitat restoration plans, the future research should be on the composition of test-bed, continuous monitoring, and scientific habitat maintenance. KEYWORDS: Amphibian, Compensatory habitat, Ecological restoration, Endangered species, Habitat suitability index요 약 : 맹꽁이는 Kaloula 속에 속하는 양서류로는 우리나라에서 유일하게 한 종이 서식하고 있으며 멸종위기야생생물 II 급으로 지정, 관리하고 있어 맹꽁이의 절멸 방지를 위해서는 맹꽁이에 대한 서식처 복원 연구가 절실히 필요하다. 본 연구는 훼손된 맹꽁이 서식처 복원이나 대체서식지와 같은 새로운 맹꽁이 서식처 복원 시 바람직한 생태적 복원 방향을 제시하기 위하여 연구 대상지인 전라남도 목포시에 맹꽁이 서식처 적합성 지수 (HSI)를 활용 및 실제 적용하여 맹꽁이 서식처 복원 계획을 제시하는 것을 주된 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상지의 역사적 맥락, 생태기반환경, 생태환경, 맹꽁이의 서식처 요구 조건 등을 분석한 후 UNESCO MAB (Man and Biosphere) 공간구획에 따라 연구 대상지를 핵심, 완충, 전이지역으로 토지이용 계획을 수립하였다. 기본계획으로 맹꽁이 서식처인 핵심지역에 대한 구체적인 맹꽁이 서식처 조성방안을 습지 (산란처), 초지 (은신처 및 먹이터), 수림대 (먹이터)로 구분하여 제시하고 서식처 계획 전, 후의 맹꽁이 서식처 적합도를 비교 평가하였다. 향후 맹꽁이 서식처 복원 계획에 따른 검증 연구로 테스트베드 (test-bed) 조성, 지속적인 모니터링, 과학적인 서식처 유지 관리에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다.핵심어: 양서류, 대체서식지, 생태복원, 멸종위기종, 서식처 적합성 지수*Corresponding author: grenatur@hanmail.net, ORCID 0000-0001-5832-6669
{"title":"Planning of Narrow-mouth Frog (Kaloula borealis) Habitat Restoration Using Habitat Suitability Index (HSI)","authors":"Dong-gil Cho, Yun-Jin Shim","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.062","url":null,"abstract":"Nexus Environmental Design Centre, Uiwang 16006, KoreaReceived 25 February 2016, revised 11 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: Narrow-mouth frog (Kaloula borealis ) is the only amphibian species of genus Kaloula living in South Korea. They are designated and managed as endangered class II wildlife by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Therefore, there is a desperate need of a habitat restoration study to prevent the extinction of narrow-mouth frog. This study is primarily for the purpose of presenting the direction and practical applications to restore damaged narrow-mouth frog habitats or to suggest alternative habitat options. The habitat suitability index (HSI) of narrow-mouth frog was applied to the research area in Mokpo City of Jeollanam-do Province, in order to present a new narrow-mouth frog habitat. We analyzed the research area based on historical contexts, ecological environment, ecology, and habitat requirements. The research area was divided into the core, buffer, and transition zones according to UNESCO MAB (Man and Biosphere) to establish local land-use plans. As for the foundation of the plan, we divided the habitat composition of the core, where narrow-mouth frog live in, into wetland (spawning area), grassland (shelter and feeding grounds), and forestland (feeding ground). We had a comparative analysis of habitat suitability in pre and post planning of narrow-mouth frog habitat restoration. For the validation study of habitat restoration plans, the future research should be on the composition of test-bed, continuous monitoring, and scientific habitat maintenance. KEYWORDS: Amphibian, Compensatory habitat, Ecological restoration, Endangered species, Habitat suitability index요 약 : 맹꽁이는 Kaloula 속에 속하는 양서류로는 우리나라에서 유일하게 한 종이 서식하고 있으며 멸종위기야생생물 II 급으로 지정, 관리하고 있어 맹꽁이의 절멸 방지를 위해서는 맹꽁이에 대한 서식처 복원 연구가 절실히 필요하다. 본 연구는 훼손된 맹꽁이 서식처 복원이나 대체서식지와 같은 새로운 맹꽁이 서식처 복원 시 바람직한 생태적 복원 방향을 제시하기 위하여 연구 대상지인 전라남도 목포시에 맹꽁이 서식처 적합성 지수 (HSI)를 활용 및 실제 적용하여 맹꽁이 서식처 복원 계획을 제시하는 것을 주된 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상지의 역사적 맥락, 생태기반환경, 생태환경, 맹꽁이의 서식처 요구 조건 등을 분석한 후 UNESCO MAB (Man and Biosphere) 공간구획에 따라 연구 대상지를 핵심, 완충, 전이지역으로 토지이용 계획을 수립하였다. 기본계획으로 맹꽁이 서식처인 핵심지역에 대한 구체적인 맹꽁이 서식처 조성방안을 습지 (산란처), 초지 (은신처 및 먹이터), 수림대 (먹이터)로 구분하여 제시하고 서식처 계획 전, 후의 맹꽁이 서식처 적합도를 비교 평가하였다. 향후 맹꽁이 서식처 복원 계획에 따른 검증 연구로 테스트베드 (test-bed) 조성, 지속적인 모니터링, 과학적인 서식처 유지 관리에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다.핵심어: 양서류, 대체서식지, 생태복원, 멸종위기종, 서식처 적합성 지수*Corresponding author: grenatur@hanmail.net, ORCID 0000-0001-5832-6669","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.070
K. Song, Sang‐Hun Han
: The purpose of this study was to develop water-purification vegetation mats consisting of the eco-friendly materials and to validate their water purification capabilities with the objective of reducing nonpoint pollution into streams. The developed vegetation mats are made of coconut fiber shell and filling consisted of zeolite, diatomaceous earth or a mixture of calcinated foam media. The bench scale assessment of the water purification capability of the three filling materials showed that the removal efficiencies of suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) were higher in the foam media than in zeolite or diatomaceous earth. From the results of the field experiment, the removal efficiencies of the vegetation mats filled with the foam media were 60.1% in SS, 32.2% in T-N and 20.2% in T-P. Therefore the vegetation mats filled with the foam media calcinated from zeolite and diatomaceous earth should have higher efficiencies in controlling the nonpoint source pollutions in streams.
{"title":"Assessment of Water Purification Capacity of Vegetation Mats for the Reduction of Nonpoint-Source Pollution Loads","authors":"K. Song, Sang‐Hun Han","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.070","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of this study was to develop water-purification vegetation mats consisting of the eco-friendly materials and to validate their water purification capabilities with the objective of reducing nonpoint pollution into streams. The developed vegetation mats are made of coconut fiber shell and filling consisted of zeolite, diatomaceous earth or a mixture of calcinated foam media. The bench scale assessment of the water purification capability of the three filling materials showed that the removal efficiencies of suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) were higher in the foam media than in zeolite or diatomaceous earth. From the results of the field experiment, the removal efficiencies of the vegetation mats filled with the foam media were 60.1% in SS, 32.2% in T-N and 20.2% in T-P. Therefore the vegetation mats filled with the foam media calcinated from zeolite and diatomaceous earth should have higher efficiencies in controlling the nonpoint source pollutions in streams.","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123939223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.035
W. Lee, Ji Haeng Lee, Ji Hun Park, H. Choi
: The correlation relationships and their corresponding equations between the geomorphological parameters and the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model parameters by Sequential Uncertainty Fitting - version 2 (SUFI-2) algorithm of SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWAT-CUP) were developed at the Seom-river experimental watershed. The parameters of the SWAT model at the Soksa-river experimental watershed were estimated by the developed equations. The SWAT model parameters were estimated by SUFI-2 algorithm of SWAT-CUP with rainfall-runoff data from the Soksa-river experimental watershed from 2000 to 2007. Rainfall-runoff simulation of the SWAT model was carried out at the Soksa-river experimental watershed from 2000 to 2007 for the applicability of the estimated parameters by the developed equations. The root mean square errors (RMSE) between the observed and the simulated rainfall-runoffs using the estimated parameters by developed equations of correlation analysis and the optimum parameters by SUFI-2 of SWAT-CUP were 1.09 m 3 /s and 0.93 m 3 /s respectively at the Soksa-river experimental watershed from 2000 to 2007. Therefore, it is considered that the parameter estimation of the SWAT model by the geomorphological characteristics parameters has applicability.
利用序列不确定性拟合-2版本(SUFI-2)算法，建立了黄土高原试验区土壤水分评价工具(SWAT)模型参数与地貌参数之间的相关关系及其对应方程。利用所建立的方程，对索沙河试验流域SWAT模型的参数进行了估计。利用2000 - 2007年soksa河试验流域的降雨径流数据，利用SWAT- cup的SUFI-2算法估算SWAT模型参数。为了验证所建立的方程估算参数的适用性，在2000 ~ 2007年对soksa河试验流域进行了SWAT模型的降雨径流模拟。2000 - 2007年soksa河试验流域的实测雨量与模拟雨量的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为1.09 m 3 /s和0.93 m 3 /s。因此，认为利用地貌特征参数对SWAT模型进行参数估计具有一定的适用性。
{"title":"The Relationship between Parameters of the SWAT Model and the Geomorphological Characteristics of a Watershed","authors":"W. Lee, Ji Haeng Lee, Ji Hun Park, H. Choi","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.035","url":null,"abstract":": The correlation relationships and their corresponding equations between the geomorphological parameters and the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model parameters by Sequential Uncertainty Fitting - version 2 (SUFI-2) algorithm of SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWAT-CUP) were developed at the Seom-river experimental watershed. The parameters of the SWAT model at the Soksa-river experimental watershed were estimated by the developed equations. The SWAT model parameters were estimated by SUFI-2 algorithm of SWAT-CUP with rainfall-runoff data from the Soksa-river experimental watershed from 2000 to 2007. Rainfall-runoff simulation of the SWAT model was carried out at the Soksa-river experimental watershed from 2000 to 2007 for the applicability of the estimated parameters by the developed equations. The root mean square errors (RMSE) between the observed and the simulated rainfall-runoffs using the estimated parameters by developed equations of correlation analysis and the optimum parameters by SUFI-2 of SWAT-CUP were 1.09 m 3 /s and 0.93 m 3 /s respectively at the Soksa-river experimental watershed from 2000 to 2007. Therefore, it is considered that the parameter estimation of the SWAT model by the geomorphological characteristics parameters has applicability.","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134403940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.001
Jin Woo Lee, Sun dong Chegal, Chang Wan Kim
River restoration has recently progressed in consideration of ecological functions along with flood controls and conservation. For river restorations that consider ecological health and diversity, it is important to contemplate the recovery of hydraulic and hydrologic connectivity in isolated spaces by longitudinal structures. In this study, as a first step for the provision of hydraulic and hydrologic data, which is necessary for the ecological connection analysis in isolated spaces, we developed a one-dimensional numerical model for rainfall runoff and channel routing and applied it to the Cheongmi watershed. The developed numerical model can simulate hydraulic and hydrologic analysis at the same time using the rainfall data. Numerical results were compared with observed data and other numerical results. As a result, a very reasonable agreement is observed. The results of this study will be improved so that the long-term hydrologic and hydraulic analysis is possible to predict ecological change.
{"title":"Development of a Hydraulic and Hydrologic Analysis Model for the Recovery of Ecological Connectivity at an Isolated Space of a Stream","authors":"Jin Woo Lee, Sun dong Chegal, Chang Wan Kim","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"River restoration has recently progressed in consideration of ecological functions along with flood controls and conservation. For river restorations that consider ecological health and diversity, it is important to contemplate the recovery of hydraulic and hydrologic connectivity in isolated spaces by longitudinal structures. In this study, as a first step for the provision of hydraulic and hydrologic data, which is necessary for the ecological connection analysis in isolated spaces, we developed a one-dimensional numerical model for rainfall runoff and channel routing and applied it to the Cheongmi watershed. The developed numerical model can simulate hydraulic and hydrologic analysis at the same time using the rainfall data. Numerical results were compared with observed data and other numerical results. As a result, a very reasonable agreement is observed. The results of this study will be improved so that the long-term hydrologic and hydraulic analysis is possible to predict ecological change.","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133474104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.008
C. Jang, Youngjin Song
Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaReceived 11 February 2016, revised 8 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of a spur dike on the development processes, the migration, and the wave length of alternate bars with laboratory experiments. The bar wave length was shown to be shorter as the spur dikes got longer. The forcing effects of a long spur dike on the behavior of alternate bars were stronger than those of a shorter one. However, the bar height was not affected by the variation of the length of a spur dike. The bar migration speed was in inverse proportion to the bar wave length. KEYWORDS: Alternate bar, Bar height, Bar migration speed, Spur dike요 약 : 본 연구에서는 수제의 길이 변화에 의하여 교호사주의 형성, 사주의 이동과 정지, 사주의 파장에 미치는 영향을 실내실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 수제의 길이가 길어질수록 사주의 이동거리와 파장은 짧아지고, 이동속도는 감소하였다. 수제의 길이가 길수록 사주에 작용하는 강제효과가 강하게 작용하였다. 사주의 파고는 수제의 길이 변화에 크게 영향을 받지 않으며, 거의 일정하게 유지되었다. 그러나 사주의 파장이 감소하면 사주의 이동속도는 증가하며, 사주의 파장과 사주의 이동속도는 반비례 관계를 형성하였다.핵심어: 교호사주, 사주의 파고, 사주의 이동속도, 수제*Corresponding author: cljang@ut.ac.kr, ORCID 0000-0001-8041-6230
Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaReceived 11 February 2016, revised 8 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016，published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT:This study investigated the effects of a spur dike on the development processes, the migration, the wave length of alternate bars with laboratory experiments。The bar wave length was shown to be shorter as The spur dikes got longer。The forcing effects of a long spur dike on The behavior of alternate bars were stronger than those of a shorter oneHowever, the bar height was not affected by the variation of the length of a spur dike。The bar migration speed was in inverse proportion to The bar wave length。KEYWORDS: Alternate bar、bar height、bar migration speed、Spur dike尿片:本研究通过室内实验分析了根据手工长度变化对交弧弦的形成、弦的移动和静止、弦的波长产生的影响。手工鞋的长度越长，沙洲的移动距离和波长就越短，移动速度就越低。手工制作的长度越长，对沙洲的强制效果就越强。生辰八字的波浪不受手工长度变化的太大影响，几乎保持了一定的长度。但是，如果生辰的波长减少，生辰的移动速度就会增加，生辰的波长和生辰的移动速度形成反比关系。关键词:交护生辰，生辰的波波，生辰的移动速度，手工*Corresponding author: cljang@ut.ac.kr, ORCID 0000-0001-8041-6230
{"title":"Experimental Analysis on the Behavior of Alternate Bars in a Channel with a Spur Dike","authors":"C. Jang, Youngjin Song","doi":"10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaReceived 11 February 2016, revised 8 March 2016, accepted 20 March 2016, published online 31 March 2016ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of a spur dike on the development processes, the migration, and the wave length of alternate bars with laboratory experiments. The bar wave length was shown to be shorter as the spur dikes got longer. The forcing effects of a long spur dike on the behavior of alternate bars were stronger than those of a shorter one. However, the bar height was not affected by the variation of the length of a spur dike. The bar migration speed was in inverse proportion to the bar wave length. KEYWORDS: Alternate bar, Bar height, Bar migration speed, Spur dike요 약 : 본 연구에서는 수제의 길이 변화에 의하여 교호사주의 형성, 사주의 이동과 정지, 사주의 파장에 미치는 영향을 실내실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 수제의 길이가 길어질수록 사주의 이동거리와 파장은 짧아지고, 이동속도는 감소하였다. 수제의 길이가 길수록 사주에 작용하는 강제효과가 강하게 작용하였다. 사주의 파고는 수제의 길이 변화에 크게 영향을 받지 않으며, 거의 일정하게 유지되었다. 그러나 사주의 파장이 감소하면 사주의 이동속도는 증가하며, 사주의 파장과 사주의 이동속도는 반비례 관계를 형성하였다.핵심어: 교호사주, 사주의 파고, 사주의 이동속도, 수제*Corresponding author: cljang@ut.ac.kr, ORCID 0000-0001-8041-6230","PeriodicalId":415343,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and resilient infrastructure","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.17820/ERI.2016.3.1.022
Jae-Hyoung Joo, Hoon Cho, Myung‐Soo Han
유해 남조류 Microcystis와 Dolichospermum의 친환경적인 제어를 위해 생물유래 물질을 기반으로 한 Naphthoquinone(NQ) 계열의 녹조제어 물질을 개발하였다. NQ의 기본구조를 바탕으로 치환기 ( $R_n$ )를 변화시켜 총 92종의 NQ 유도체를 합성 확보하였고, 대상 남조류 Microcystis와 Dolichospermum에 대하여 농도별 ...
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