J. Daly, A. Hartz, A. Stromquist, C. Peek-Asa, G. Jogerst
ABSTRACT Compared with urban settings, much less is known about the prevalence and correlates of elder abuse in rural areas. The purposes of this study were to: (1) examine the prevalence of elder domestic part ner violence and (2) estimate the prevalence of elder abuse reported and inflicted by men and women and to identify factors associated with elder domestic partner violence. A secondary data analyses was completed for 362 cohabitating partners who were participants in a population-based, prospective study. Based on results of the Conflict Tactics Scale, 32% of the cohabiting participants reported emotional abuse and 2% reported physical abuse. Significant risk factors of reported emotional abuse were having depressive symptoms, higher antisocial personality score, and not living in a town.
{"title":"Self-Reported Elder Domestic Partner Violence in One Rural Iowa County","authors":"J. Daly, A. Hartz, A. Stromquist, C. Peek-Asa, G. Jogerst","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n04_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n04_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Compared with urban settings, much less is known about the prevalence and correlates of elder abuse in rural areas. The purposes of this study were to: (1) examine the prevalence of elder domestic part ner violence and (2) estimate the prevalence of elder abuse reported and inflicted by men and women and to identify factors associated with elder domestic partner violence. A secondary data analyses was completed for 362 cohabitating partners who were participants in a population-based, prospective study. Based on results of the Conflict Tactics Scale, 32% of the cohabiting participants reported emotional abuse and 2% reported physical abuse. Significant risk factors of reported emotional abuse were having depressive symptoms, higher antisocial personality score, and not living in a town.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123312805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collie W. Conoley, Mike Hershberger, Lorena González, S. Rinker, Anne Crowley
ABSTRACT Creating a more friendly social construction of a teasing encounter using a pro-social humorous response was investigated. By definition, teasing communicates both humor and hostility, and the target can respond to the humorous message while ignoring the hostile message, thus constructing the hypothesized more friendly interaction. Affiliative humor, aggressive humor, and ignoring were compared in their ability to decrease the negative effects of interpersonal teasing. As hypothesized, the affiliative response influenced the teaser to feel friendlier toward the target of teasing. The teaser also felt more attractive, better about him or herself, and less aggressive. The teaser rated the target or victim of the teasing as feeling better about him or herself, more attractive, and less harmed when using affiliative humor.
{"title":"Responding to Interpersonal Teasing","authors":"Collie W. Conoley, Mike Hershberger, Lorena González, S. Rinker, Anne Crowley","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n04_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n04_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Creating a more friendly social construction of a teasing encounter using a pro-social humorous response was investigated. By definition, teasing communicates both humor and hostility, and the target can respond to the humorous message while ignoring the hostile message, thus constructing the hypothesized more friendly interaction. Affiliative humor, aggressive humor, and ignoring were compared in their ability to decrease the negative effects of interpersonal teasing. As hypothesized, the affiliative response influenced the teaser to feel friendlier toward the target of teasing. The teaser also felt more attractive, better about him or herself, and less aggressive. The teaser rated the target or victim of the teasing as feeling better about him or herself, more attractive, and less harmed when using affiliative humor.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134456209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Empathy is a crucial concept in understanding not only child maltreatment, but its intergenerational transmission. One form of maltreatment, often involving both physical and emotional abuse, targets one child in the family, referred to as the “scapegoat.” Historically, the scapegoat has been regarded as the only abuse victim; clinical experience demonstrates otherwise. In many families, siblings identify with the parent, joining in blaming the victim for the caretaker's abuse of that child. They demonstrate empathy deficits, which may protect them from the effects of witnessing the process. This paper proposes a conceptual model that examines factors contributing to the development of empathy deficits. Ten elements are identified and a unifying model is proposed; the implications are examined.
{"title":"Empathy Deficits in Siblings of Severely Scapegoated Children","authors":"J. Hollingsworth, Joanne K. Glass, K. Heisler","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n04_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n04_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Empathy is a crucial concept in understanding not only child maltreatment, but its intergenerational transmission. One form of maltreatment, often involving both physical and emotional abuse, targets one child in the family, referred to as the “scapegoat.” Historically, the scapegoat has been regarded as the only abuse victim; clinical experience demonstrates otherwise. In many families, siblings identify with the parent, joining in blaming the victim for the caretaker's abuse of that child. They demonstrate empathy deficits, which may protect them from the effects of witnessing the process. This paper proposes a conceptual model that examines factors contributing to the development of empathy deficits. Ten elements are identified and a unifying model is proposed; the implications are examined.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124508061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Until the wave of school shootings beginning in 1993, little research on bullying behavior was conducted by American researchers. The horrific act of school violence at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, prompted American researchers to seriously consider the physical and emotional implications of bullying. Drawing from studies spearheaded by Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus and others, American researchers reevaluated the impact of bullying behavior, prompting the construction of anti-bullying school programs modeled after Olweus' Bully Prevention Program. Newer research highlights the differences in how girls and boys bully. This critical review of the literature argues for gender differences to be considered when constructing bully prevention programs, either as separate or within already established elementary, middle, and high school programs.
{"title":"Bullying Behavior, Bully Prevention Programs, and Gender","authors":"Elysa R. Safran","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n04_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n04_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Until the wave of school shootings beginning in 1993, little research on bullying behavior was conducted by American researchers. The horrific act of school violence at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, prompted American researchers to seriously consider the physical and emotional implications of bullying. Drawing from studies spearheaded by Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus and others, American researchers reevaluated the impact of bullying behavior, prompting the construction of anti-bullying school programs modeled after Olweus' Bully Prevention Program. Newer research highlights the differences in how girls and boys bully. This critical review of the literature argues for gender differences to be considered when constructing bully prevention programs, either as separate or within already established elementary, middle, and high school programs.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About the Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1300/j135v07n02_a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j135v07n02_a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130404422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until recently there has been limited attention paid to the long-term consequences of childhood emotional abuse (also known as psychological abuse), in contrast to the significant attention paid to the long-term effects of childhood physical or sexual abuse (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, & Perrin, 2005; Binggeli, Hart, & Brassard, 2001). In part this has been because emotional abuse was not recognized as a distinct form of child maltreatment until quite recently, and there has been considerable difficulty defining and assessing emotional abuse. Unlike physical abuse,
{"title":"The Long-Term Impact of Emotional Abuse in Childhood","authors":"M. O. Wright","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n02_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n02_01","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently there has been limited attention paid to the long-term consequences of childhood emotional abuse (also known as psychological abuse), in contrast to the significant attention paid to the long-term effects of childhood physical or sexual abuse (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, & Perrin, 2005; Binggeli, Hart, & Brassard, 2001). In part this has been because emotional abuse was not recognized as a distinct form of child maltreatment until quite recently, and there has been considerable difficulty defining and assessing emotional abuse. Unlike physical abuse,","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"88 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113943982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The relationships between child psychological maltreatment, interpersonal schemas, and adult relationship aggression were explored in 301 college men and women. Participants completed questionnaires assessing a history of child abuse, current maladaptive schemas, adult intimate partner victimization, and perpetration of adult aggression. Child psychological maltreatment predicted both perpetration and revictimization experiences of adult interpersonal aggression even after controlling for other childhood abuse experiences. The schemas of mistrust, self-sacrifice, and emotional inhibition fully mediated the relationship between child psychological maltreatment and adult intimate partner victimization. The schemas of mistrust, entitlement, emotional inhibition, and insufficient self-control partially mediated the relationship between child psychological maltreatment and one's own perpetration of aggression. Implications for intervening with young adults at risk for relationship aggression are discussed.
{"title":"The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Interpersonal Schemas and Subsequent Experiences of Relationship Aggression","authors":"E. Crawford, M. O. Wright","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relationships between child psychological maltreatment, interpersonal schemas, and adult relationship aggression were explored in 301 college men and women. Participants completed questionnaires assessing a history of child abuse, current maladaptive schemas, adult intimate partner victimization, and perpetration of adult aggression. Child psychological maltreatment predicted both perpetration and revictimization experiences of adult interpersonal aggression even after controlling for other childhood abuse experiences. The schemas of mistrust, self-sacrifice, and emotional inhibition fully mediated the relationship between child psychological maltreatment and adult intimate partner victimization. The schemas of mistrust, entitlement, emotional inhibition, and insufficient self-control partially mediated the relationship between child psychological maltreatment and one's own perpetration of aggression. Implications for intervening with young adults at risk for relationship aggression are discussed.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125999080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article provides an empirical and theoretical foundation to support increased attention to neurodevelopmental processes in understanding the developmental sequelae of child emotional abuse (CEA). After reviewing the socioemotional consequences of CEA, an overview of the mammalian stress response system is provided, the deleterious impact of early psychosocial adversity on the organization and integration of this system is discussed, and the applicability of these findings for considering CEA and its developmental consequences within a multi-level, integrative, developmental psychopathology framework is explained. Building on evidence that CEA is likely to result in significant and enduring alterations in the neurobiology of stress response systems and, by extension, in neurodevelopment more broadly, specific suggestions for future research and practice are offered. This article encourages greater attention to CEA as a salient developmental experience and to neurophysiological processes as a heretofore overlooked source of information about the relation between CEA and adaptation.
{"title":"The Developmental Consequences of Child Emotional Abuse","authors":"Tuppett M. Yates","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides an empirical and theoretical foundation to support increased attention to neurodevelopmental processes in understanding the developmental sequelae of child emotional abuse (CEA). After reviewing the socioemotional consequences of CEA, an overview of the mammalian stress response system is provided, the deleterious impact of early psychosocial adversity on the organization and integration of this system is discussed, and the applicability of these findings for considering CEA and its developmental consequences within a multi-level, integrative, developmental psychopathology framework is explained. Building on evidence that CEA is likely to result in significant and enduring alterations in the neurobiology of stress response systems and, by extension, in neurodevelopment more broadly, specific suggestions for future research and practice are offered. This article encourages greater attention to CEA as a salient developmental experience and to neurophysiological processes as a heretofore overlooked source of information about the relation between CEA and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115783890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present study examined connections between self-reported experiences of interpersonal mistreatment and cardiovascular responses during laboratory dyadic interactions. One hundred and eight unacquainted participants were paired to form 54 opposite-gender, same-ethnicity (22 African American and 32 European American) dyads. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were monitored while dyads participated in three 4-minute problem-solving focused interactions. Multilevel modeling revealed significant, positive associations between frequency of interpersonal mistreatment and systolic and diastolic resting blood pressure levels among African American men and European American women. Among all women, significant and positive associations were observed between mistreatment and diastolic blood pressure reactivity assessed during the problem-solving focused interactions. Results highlight interpersonal mistreatment as a potential contributor to cardiovascular functioning for both men and women.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Correlates of Interpersonal Mistreatment in Healthy Adults","authors":"T. Newton, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n02_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n02_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study examined connections between self-reported experiences of interpersonal mistreatment and cardiovascular responses during laboratory dyadic interactions. One hundred and eight unacquainted participants were paired to form 54 opposite-gender, same-ethnicity (22 African American and 32 European American) dyads. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were monitored while dyads participated in three 4-minute problem-solving focused interactions. Multilevel modeling revealed significant, positive associations between frequency of interpersonal mistreatment and systolic and diastolic resting blood pressure levels among African American men and European American women. Among all women, significant and positive associations were observed between mistreatment and diastolic blood pressure reactivity assessed during the problem-solving focused interactions. Results highlight interpersonal mistreatment as a potential contributor to cardiovascular functioning for both men and women.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124297137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study examined the role of adult psychological distress in mediating associations between childhood psychological maltreatment and marital satisfaction in a sample of 65 newlywed couples. Results indicated that a significant linkage between psychological maltreatment (including emotional abuse and emotional neglect) and marital satisfaction was eliminated when accounting for global psychological distress, hostility, and depression in the overall sample. These findings were moderated by gender, such that for men, the long-term correlates of emotional abuse were mediated by broad psychological distress and paranoia. Conversely, for women, relations between emotional abuse and emotional neglect and later marital satisfaction were mediated by obsessive-compulsive tendencies and hostility. The implications of these results for future research and clinical work will be discussed.
{"title":"Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Quality of Marriage","authors":"A. Perry, D. DiLillo, J. Peugh","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n02_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n02_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined the role of adult psychological distress in mediating associations between childhood psychological maltreatment and marital satisfaction in a sample of 65 newlywed couples. Results indicated that a significant linkage between psychological maltreatment (including emotional abuse and emotional neglect) and marital satisfaction was eliminated when accounting for global psychological distress, hostility, and depression in the overall sample. These findings were moderated by gender, such that for men, the long-term correlates of emotional abuse were mediated by broad psychological distress and paranoia. Conversely, for women, relations between emotional abuse and emotional neglect and later marital satisfaction were mediated by obsessive-compulsive tendencies and hostility. The implications of these results for future research and clinical work will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"326 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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