Abstract To determine the prevalence and impact of adult-student sexually harassing behavior in British Columbia high schools, the High School Experiences Questionnaire was distributed to 449 undergraduate psychology students at the University of British Columbia. Thirty-seven and one-half percent of students reported being sexually harassed by school adult employees. There was no significant difference in the proportion of male and female students that experienced potentially sexually harassing behavior. However, female students were more upset than male students by sexually harassing behaviors. Overall, high school SES and type of school (public versus private) were not related to sexual harassment. An evaluation of reporting and discipline indicates that overall 1.4% of cases concluded with formal discipline of the perpetrator.
{"title":"Adult-Student Sexual Harassment in British Columbia High Schools","authors":"Jason Winters, R. Clift, A. Maloney","doi":"10.1300/J135v04n03_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v04n03_11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To determine the prevalence and impact of adult-student sexually harassing behavior in British Columbia high schools, the High School Experiences Questionnaire was distributed to 449 undergraduate psychology students at the University of British Columbia. Thirty-seven and one-half percent of students reported being sexually harassed by school adult employees. There was no significant difference in the proportion of male and female students that experienced potentially sexually harassing behavior. However, female students were more upset than male students by sexually harassing behaviors. Overall, high school SES and type of school (public versus private) were not related to sexual harassment. An evaluation of reporting and discipline indicates that overall 1.4% of cases concluded with formal discipline of the perpetrator.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129079959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study, conducted in a large public agency and a large private transportation company in the U.S., found strong relationships between organizational characteristics and frustration. Role ambiguity, role conflict, work constraints, and warmth and support predicted the level of frustration experienced by employees. In turn, frustration predicted supervisor- and self-reported aggression. Frustration also predicted self-reported criterion behaviors such as withdrawal, aggression turned inward, and abandonment of goal. Frustration mediated the relationships between organizational characteristics and the criteria. In the study we developed two scales: (1) a self-report scale of behavioral reactions to frustration, and (2) the Workplace Aggressive Behaviors Scale, a guideline to increase supervisors' ability to judge the seriousness of aggressive behaviors in the work environment.
{"title":"Organizational Frustration and Aggressive Behaviors","authors":"N. Heacox, Richard C. Sorenson","doi":"10.1300/J135v04n03_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v04n03_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study, conducted in a large public agency and a large private transportation company in the U.S., found strong relationships between organizational characteristics and frustration. Role ambiguity, role conflict, work constraints, and warmth and support predicted the level of frustration experienced by employees. In turn, frustration predicted supervisor- and self-reported aggression. Frustration also predicted self-reported criterion behaviors such as withdrawal, aggression turned inward, and abandonment of goal. Frustration mediated the relationships between organizational characteristics and the criteria. In the study we developed two scales: (1) a self-report scale of behavioral reactions to frustration, and (2) the Workplace Aggressive Behaviors Scale, a guideline to increase supervisors' ability to judge the seriousness of aggressive behaviors in the work environment.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"427 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123010878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"R. Geffner, M. Loring","doi":"10.1300/j135v04n03_c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j135v04n03_c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The safety of the American workplace began to change in the 1980s. The killings of 14 postal workers by a co-worker at the U.S. Postal Service in Edmond, Oklahoma, in 1986, and numerous other similar homicides in the early 1990s, resulted in workplace violence being one of the greatest concerns of employers in the United States. Considerable attention and research has involved the causes of workplace violence, the types and characteristics of the perpetrators, and the presence of warning signs. A number of comprehensive programs are now available, and are designed to prevent violence in the nation's workplaces and schools. Although workplace homicides have declined by approximately thirty percent over the past decade, the need for further research continues.
{"title":"An Overview of Workplace and School Violence Prevention","authors":"J. Madero, Jeff Y. Schanowitz","doi":"10.1300/J135V04N03_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135V04N03_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The safety of the American workplace began to change in the 1980s. The killings of 14 postal workers by a co-worker at the U.S. Postal Service in Edmond, Oklahoma, in 1986, and numerous other similar homicides in the early 1990s, resulted in workplace violence being one of the greatest concerns of employers in the United States. Considerable attention and research has involved the causes of workplace violence, the types and characteristics of the perpetrators, and the presence of warning signs. A number of comprehensive programs are now available, and are designed to prevent violence in the nation's workplaces and schools. Although workplace homicides have declined by approximately thirty percent over the past decade, the need for further research continues.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130290229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gagné, Joëlle Pouliot-Lapointe, Marie-Pier St-Louis
ABSTRACT This paper reports the translation and preliminary validation process of the Psychologically Violent Parental Practices Inventory (PVPPI). The original Francophone inventory was previously tested with 306 Francophone students recruited in fifth to ninth grade classes. Findings of the original study had suggested a coherent two-factor structure, good construct validity, and satisfactory internal consistency. The PVPPI was translated into English and tested on a convenience sample of 90 girls and boys recruited in fifth and sixth grade classes of two English schools in the Quebec City area. The psychometric properties of this translation seem to reproduce those of the original French inventory. On the whole, PVPPI appears to be a promising tool that could find practical, as well as scientific applications.
{"title":"The Psychologically Violent Parental Practices Inventory (PVPPI): English Translation","authors":"M. Gagné, Joëlle Pouliot-Lapointe, Marie-Pier St-Louis","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reports the translation and preliminary validation process of the Psychologically Violent Parental Practices Inventory (PVPPI). The original Francophone inventory was previously tested with 306 Francophone students recruited in fifth to ninth grade classes. Findings of the original study had suggested a coherent two-factor structure, good construct validity, and satisfactory internal consistency. The PVPPI was translated into English and tested on a convenience sample of 90 girls and boys recruited in fifth and sixth grade classes of two English schools in the Quebec City area. The psychometric properties of this translation seem to reproduce those of the original French inventory. On the whole, PVPPI appears to be a promising tool that could find practical, as well as scientific applications.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129936284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study explored the role of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) both as a predictor of disordered eating and as a moderator of the effects of childhood neglect (CN), physical abuse (CPA), and sexual abuse (CSA). Self-esteem, anxiety, and depression were included in the model as potential mediators. A nonclinical group of 1,283 undergraduate students completed measures assessing disordered eating behaviors, psychopathology, self-esteem, and abusive childhood experiences. Anxiety and self-esteem mediated the relationship between CN and eating pathology, while CPA and CSA were inconsistently related to disordered eating. Rather than exerting moderating effects, CEA had a direct unmediated effect on eating pathology. The close relationship between eating disorders and nonphysical forms of childhood abuse is discussed.
{"title":"The Role of Childhood Emotional Abuse in Disordered Eating","authors":"M. Kennedy, Karen Ip, J. Samra, B. Gorzalka","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explored the role of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) both as a predictor of disordered eating and as a moderator of the effects of childhood neglect (CN), physical abuse (CPA), and sexual abuse (CSA). Self-esteem, anxiety, and depression were included in the model as potential mediators. A nonclinical group of 1,283 undergraduate students completed measures assessing disordered eating behaviors, psychopathology, self-esteem, and abusive childhood experiences. Anxiety and self-esteem mediated the relationship between CN and eating pathology, while CPA and CSA were inconsistently related to disordered eating. Rather than exerting moderating effects, CEA had a direct unmediated effect on eating pathology. The close relationship between eating disorders and nonphysical forms of childhood abuse is discussed.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123906086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Batterers often threaten or harm pets in order to intimidate and control their female partners. Yet, there is little research on harm to pets as an aspect of emotional abuse. To address this gap, this article reviews what is known about the emotional impact of pet abuse on battered women. The research findings support Adams' theory that pet abuse inflicts psychological trauma on women, causes suffering and sometimes death to animals, and injures the relationship between women and their pets. To understand the impact of pet abuse in detail, future research should assess the attachment between battered women and their pets and follow the trajectory and mental health consequences of the women's relationships with their pets.
{"title":"Fear, Guilt, and Grief: Harm to Pets and the Emotional Abuse of Women","authors":"C. Faver, E. Strand","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Batterers often threaten or harm pets in order to intimidate and control their female partners. Yet, there is little research on harm to pets as an aspect of emotional abuse. To address this gap, this article reviews what is known about the emotional impact of pet abuse on battered women. The research findings support Adams' theory that pet abuse inflicts psychological trauma on women, causes suffering and sometimes death to animals, and injures the relationship between women and their pets. To understand the impact of pet abuse in detail, future research should assess the attachment between battered women and their pets and follow the trajectory and mental health consequences of the women's relationships with their pets.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128658767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julaine E. Field, Laura M. Crothers, Jered B. Kolbert
ABSTRACT This study assessed whether adolescent females' gender role identity was related to self-reported attraction and likelihood of dating an adolescent male bully and victim of bullying. Thirty-six female adolescents from ninth and tenth grade (mean age = 15 years; 69.2% White; 30.8% non-White) from a predominantly White, city high school in the Mid-Atlantic United States, completed the Original Form of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (1981) and examined three photographs and listened to a verbal account portraying two adolescent males in an episode of physical and verbal bullying. Multiple regression analysis revealed that masculine gender identity status among adolescent females was a significant negative predictor of attraction to a male adolescent bully.
{"title":"Adolescent Female Gender Identity and Attraction to Male Bullies and Victims","authors":"Julaine E. Field, Laura M. Crothers, Jered B. Kolbert","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assessed whether adolescent females' gender role identity was related to self-reported attraction and likelihood of dating an adolescent male bully and victim of bullying. Thirty-six female adolescents from ninth and tenth grade (mean age = 15 years; 69.2% White; 30.8% non-White) from a predominantly White, city high school in the Mid-Atlantic United States, completed the Original Form of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (1981) and examined three photographs and listened to a verbal account portraying two adolescent males in an episode of physical and verbal bullying. Multiple regression analysis revealed that masculine gender identity status among adolescent females was a significant negative predictor of attraction to a male adolescent bully.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131281905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the relationship between self-reported history of child abuse, neglect, and codependency in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. One hundred and two upper-division nursing students attending a medium-sized regional public university in the Southeast completed a four-part questionnaire containing the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ), the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI) and the Codependency Assessment Tool (CODAT). Correlations were computed. All forms of childhood abuse and neglect measured by the CTQ and PMI were significantly related to total codependency score. The strongest relationships overall were found between reported history of emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and codependency.
{"title":"Self-Reported History of Childhood Maltreatment and Codependency in Undergraduate Nursing Students","authors":"Nancy Dodge Reyome, K. Ward","doi":"10.1300/J135v07n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study investigated the relationship between self-reported history of child abuse, neglect, and codependency in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. One hundred and two upper-division nursing students attending a medium-sized regional public university in the Southeast completed a four-part questionnaire containing the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ), the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI) and the Codependency Assessment Tool (CODAT). Correlations were computed. All forms of childhood abuse and neglect measured by the CTQ and PMI were significantly related to total codependency score. The strongest relationships overall were found between reported history of emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and codependency.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121849183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to outline a thematic approach to the clinical treatment of clients who have experienced racial trauma. Using the literature on trauma and racist incidents, the authors explore the following counseling themes for trauma treatment: acknowledge, share, safety and self-care, grieve, shame and self-blame/internalized racism, anger, coping strategies, and resistance strategies. The authors then provide a case study of a Native American client. In addition, potential buffers to the traumatizing impact of racist incidents are provided. In conclusion, the importance of counselor competence is explored. Limitations of the proposed themes are described and a call for further examination of counseling responses to racist-incident-based trauma is made.
{"title":"A Therapeutic Approach to the Treatment of Racist-Incident-Based Trauma","authors":"T. Bryant-Davis, Carlota Ocampo","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n04_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n04_01","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to outline a thematic approach to the clinical treatment of clients who have experienced racial trauma. Using the literature on trauma and racist incidents, the authors explore the following counseling themes for trauma treatment: acknowledge, share, safety and self-care, grieve, shame and self-blame/internalized racism, anger, coping strategies, and resistance strategies. The authors then provide a case study of a Native American client. In addition, potential buffers to the traumatizing impact of racist incidents are provided. In conclusion, the importance of counselor competence is explored. Limitations of the proposed themes are described and a call for further examination of counseling responses to racist-incident-based trauma is made.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117014324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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