ABSTRACT The past decade has seen an increasing awareness of the emotional harm to children that can ensue from exposure to domestic violence. This article develops a framework for understanding social work responses, using an analysis of recent developments in British policy as an example. It is argued that to understand what these developments mean in practice we need to develop our analysis of the value perspectives underpinning them. Issues facing those charged with implementing these sometimes ambiguous policy and practice changes are discussed in three levels of intervention: the macro, the intermediate, and the 'street-level.' The article concludes by calling for closer collaboration between policy makers, practitioners and service users in the co-production of policy.
{"title":"Social Work with Children Affected by Domestic Violence","authors":"Anna Fairtlough","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The past decade has seen an increasing awareness of the emotional harm to children that can ensue from exposure to domestic violence. This article develops a framework for understanding social work responses, using an analysis of recent developments in British policy as an example. It is argued that to understand what these developments mean in practice we need to develop our analysis of the value perspectives underpinning them. Issues facing those charged with implementing these sometimes ambiguous policy and practice changes are discussed in three levels of intervention: the macro, the intermediate, and the 'street-level.' The article concludes by calling for closer collaboration between policy makers, practitioners and service users in the co-production of policy.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116913848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cliff McKinney, Karin P. Sieger, A. K. Agliata, K. Renk
ABSTRACT The frequency with which children are exposed to domestic violence is unsettling. Children's exposure to domestic violence can have adverse effects on their functioning, including the promotion of emotional and behavioral difficulties as well as other difficulties. A number of factors, such as the age of the children when they are exposed and the psychological well being of their mothers, may have mediating and moderating effects on the outcomes for children. Although interventions have been based on the individual, family, and community, few interventions have combined these approaches. Given the widespread effects of domestic violence, interventions for the effects of domestic violence should be framed within an ecological framework. This paper reviews the current issues concerning children's exposure to domestic violence and discusses interventions within an ecological framework that may be applied to counteract the adverse effects suffered by children.
{"title":"Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence","authors":"Cliff McKinney, Karin P. Sieger, A. K. Agliata, K. Renk","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The frequency with which children are exposed to domestic violence is unsettling. Children's exposure to domestic violence can have adverse effects on their functioning, including the promotion of emotional and behavioral difficulties as well as other difficulties. A number of factors, such as the age of the children when they are exposed and the psychological well being of their mothers, may have mediating and moderating effects on the outcomes for children. Although interventions have been based on the individual, family, and community, few interventions have combined these approaches. Given the widespread effects of domestic violence, interventions for the effects of domestic violence should be framed within an ecological framework. This paper reviews the current issues concerning children's exposure to domestic violence and discusses interventions within an ecological framework that may be applied to counteract the adverse effects suffered by children.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130147334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The study examines the outcomes of supervisors' abusive and supportive behaviors in terms of employees' burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and upward influence tactics (i.e., forceful tactics and persuasive tactics). Questionnaires were administered to 249 employees in varied workplace settings. Supervisors' abusive behaviors were found to be positively related to depersonalization and emotional exhaustion of subordinates and the subordinates' use of forceful upward influence tactics. Supportive leadership behaviors were related to the use of upward influence tactics through the mediation of personal accomplishment. The results are discussed in the context of the cyclical effects of subordinate-supervisor behaviors.
{"title":"The Relationship of Abusive and Supportive Workplace Supervision to Employee Burnout and Upward Influence Tactics","authors":"D. Yagil","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study examines the outcomes of supervisors' abusive and supportive behaviors in terms of employees' burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and upward influence tactics (i.e., forceful tactics and persuasive tactics). Questionnaires were administered to 249 employees in varied workplace settings. Supervisors' abusive behaviors were found to be positively related to depersonalization and emotional exhaustion of subordinates and the subordinates' use of forceful upward influence tactics. Supportive leadership behaviors were related to the use of upward influence tactics through the mediation of personal accomplishment. The results are discussed in the context of the cyclical effects of subordinate-supervisor behaviors.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Psychological abuse in childhood has been linked to psychological distress in adulthood, although the interceding variables or possible mediators for the adult distress have not been adequately examined. Identification of mediating variables may provide important opportunities for targeting intervention and prevention efforts following psychological abuse. Experiential avoidance, a response style characterized by avoidance of negative private events, was examined as a potential mediator of the relationship between reports of childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of 987 college undergraduates. Utilizing structural equation modeling techniques, experiential avoidance was found to significantly mediate the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms, reducing the direct effect by 77%. A history of childhood psychological abuse was related to increased levels of experiential avoidance and current mental health symptoms, and experiential avoidance was also directly related to increased levels of current mental health symptoms. Implications for treatment following psychological abuse are discussed.
{"title":"Experiential Avoidance as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Childhood Psychological Abuse and Current Mental Health Symptoms in College Students","authors":"Madhavi K. Reddy, Scott M. Pickett, H. Orcutt","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Psychological abuse in childhood has been linked to psychological distress in adulthood, although the interceding variables or possible mediators for the adult distress have not been adequately examined. Identification of mediating variables may provide important opportunities for targeting intervention and prevention efforts following psychological abuse. Experiential avoidance, a response style characterized by avoidance of negative private events, was examined as a potential mediator of the relationship between reports of childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of 987 college undergraduates. Utilizing structural equation modeling techniques, experiential avoidance was found to significantly mediate the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms, reducing the direct effect by 77%. A history of childhood psychological abuse was related to increased levels of experiential avoidance and current mental health symptoms, and experiential avoidance was also directly related to increased levels of current mental health symptoms. Implications for treatment following psychological abuse are discussed.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115498017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study explored the psychometric properties of the Inner Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), a measure of self capacities. Relations among childhood maltreatment, self capacities, and trauma symptoms were examined in four samples. Results indicated that respondents who experienced childhood maltreatment reported more severely disrupted self capacities than those without a maltreatment history. Self capacity disruptions were significantly correlated with trauma symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical samples. In all four samples, participants with more severely disrupted self capacities reported more trauma symptoms than those with less disrupted self capacities. The results provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the IEQ and provide support for theory that suggests that childhood maltreatment creates deficits in self functioning.
{"title":"Child Maltreatment, Self Capacities, and Trauma Symptoms","authors":"Kathleen J. Brock, L. Pearlman, Edward M. Varra","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n01_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explored the psychometric properties of the Inner Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), a measure of self capacities. Relations among childhood maltreatment, self capacities, and trauma symptoms were examined in four samples. Results indicated that respondents who experienced childhood maltreatment reported more severely disrupted self capacities than those without a maltreatment history. Self capacity disruptions were significantly correlated with trauma symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical samples. In all four samples, participants with more severely disrupted self capacities reported more trauma symptoms than those with less disrupted self capacities. The results provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the IEQ and provide support for theory that suggests that childhood maltreatment creates deficits in self functioning.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134115753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zachary Rosenthal, Melissa A. Polusny, V. Follette
ABSTRACT This study examined a mediational model whereby avoidance was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between higher perceived criticism in the family of origin and psychological distress in adulthood. Undergraduate women (N = 141) completed self-report instruments assessing perceptions of criticism in the family of origin, avoidant coping, experiential avoidance, and psychological distress. The mediational model was tested using procedures outlined by Baron and Kenny (1986). Support was found for the hypothesized model: (a) Higher perceived criticism was associated with higher avoidance, (b) higher avoidance was associated with greater distress, (c) higher perceived criticism was associated with greater distress, and (d) the relationship between perceived criticism and distress was non-significant when adding avoidance into the model. Results suggest that avoidance may be an emotion regulation strategy associated with perceived criticism in the family of origin that exacerbates psychological problems in adulthood.
{"title":"Avoidance Mediates the Relationship Between Perceived Criticism in the Family of Origin and Psychological Distress in Adulthood","authors":"M. Zachary Rosenthal, Melissa A. Polusny, V. Follette","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined a mediational model whereby avoidance was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between higher perceived criticism in the family of origin and psychological distress in adulthood. Undergraduate women (N = 141) completed self-report instruments assessing perceptions of criticism in the family of origin, avoidant coping, experiential avoidance, and psychological distress. The mediational model was tested using procedures outlined by Baron and Kenny (1986). Support was found for the hypothesized model: (a) Higher perceived criticism was associated with higher avoidance, (b) higher avoidance was associated with greater distress, (c) higher perceived criticism was associated with greater distress, and (d) the relationship between perceived criticism and distress was non-significant when adding avoidance into the model. Results suggest that avoidance may be an emotion regulation strategy associated with perceived criticism in the family of origin that exacerbates psychological problems in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126348287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Parentification is a term commonly used to refer to role reversal in the parent-child relationship wherein parents rely upon their children for emotional support. The construct has been discussed widely within the context of divorce as a parenting behavior likely to place children at risk for poor outcomes; however, rigorous empirical examination of parentification following divorce remains sparse. The present paper provides a new framework for considering parental support seeking, suggesting that the process of family restructuring may blur specific parent-child boundaries related to intimacy and power. We elaborate on this model as a mechanism for integrating family systems and developmental psychopathology perspectives and as a framework within which to conduct future research on parentification.
{"title":"Redefining the Parent-Child Relationship Following Divorce","authors":"T. Peris, R. Emery","doi":"10.1300/J135v05n04_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v05n04_01","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Parentification is a term commonly used to refer to role reversal in the parent-child relationship wherein parents rely upon their children for emotional support. The construct has been discussed widely within the context of divorce as a parenting behavior likely to place children at risk for poor outcomes; however, rigorous empirical examination of parentification following divorce remains sparse. The present paper provides a new framework for considering parental support seeking, suggesting that the process of family restructuring may blur specific parent-child boundaries related to intimacy and power. We elaborate on this model as a mechanism for integrating family systems and developmental psychopathology perspectives and as a framework within which to conduct future research on parentification.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130033367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This article examines representations of parents and children in twentieth century American novels and argues that reading fiction reinforces and extends understandings of generational boundary dissolution found in psychological discourse. Literary representations suggest that parentification emerged as an operative element in portraying fictional families long before the term appeared in psychological discourse. Thus, rather than conceptualizing generational boundary dissolution as a recent phenomenon, or one that plagues pathological but not “normal” families, the emotional utility of children and revising of generational boundaries has historical and social dimensions evident in America's literature for two centuries. Fiction provides a safe domain for readers, especially educators and clinicians who work with families and children, to explore generational boundary dissolution without having to intervene.
{"title":"Vulnerable Adults, Resourceful Children","authors":"Nancy D. Chase","doi":"10.1300/J135v05n04_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v05n04_05","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article examines representations of parents and children in twentieth century American novels and argues that reading fiction reinforces and extends understandings of generational boundary dissolution found in psychological discourse. Literary representations suggest that parentification emerged as an operative element in portraying fictional families long before the term appeared in psychological discourse. Thus, rather than conceptualizing generational boundary dissolution as a recent phenomenon, or one that plagues pathological but not “normal” families, the emotional utility of children and revising of generational boundaries has historical and social dimensions evident in America's literature for two centuries. Fiction provides a safe domain for readers, especially educators and clinicians who work with families and children, to explore generational boundary dissolution without having to intervene.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125076664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Jurkovic, G. Kuperminc, Tamara Sarac, Deborah L. Weisshaar
SUMMARY This study examined the relation of different dimensions of filial responsibility to the post-war adjustment of young adolescents living in Bosnia. The sample consisted of 145 6th-8th grade boys and girls and their parents. The youths' perceived fairness of family relationships moderated the relation of their caregiving activities at home to their academic and discipline grades. Caregiving and grades positively covaried when family relationships were viewed as fair but were negatively related in the context of perceived familial unfairness. Caregiving and fairness independently predicted social self-efficacy. Only the fairness factor related to youths' level of emotional distress. The results contribute to efforts to understand both the positive and negative developmental implications of filial responsibility in different socio-familial contexts.
{"title":"Role of Filial Responsibility in the Post-War Adjustment of Bosnian Young Adolescents","authors":"G. Jurkovic, G. Kuperminc, Tamara Sarac, Deborah L. Weisshaar","doi":"10.1300/J135v05n04_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v05n04_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This study examined the relation of different dimensions of filial responsibility to the post-war adjustment of young adolescents living in Bosnia. The sample consisted of 145 6th-8th grade boys and girls and their parents. The youths' perceived fairness of family relationships moderated the relation of their caregiving activities at home to their academic and discipline grades. Caregiving and grades positively covaried when family relationships were viewed as fair but were negatively related in the context of perceived familial unfairness. Caregiving and fairness independently predicted social self-efficacy. Only the fairness factor related to youths' level of emotional distress. The results contribute to efforts to understand both the positive and negative developmental implications of filial responsibility in different socio-familial contexts.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127635575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About the Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1300/j135v05n04_a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j135v05n04_a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"51 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120891838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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