Julieta Flores Michel, Margarita Emilia González Treviño, Alma Elena Gutiérrez Leyton
Information overload that affects digital natives and other generations in the 21st century makes it difficult for recipients to analyze the information’s truthfulness and quality. In this context, items of fake news pass as facts that could be interpreted as true, which may result in serious issues for the social fabric, especially if immersed in unstable or troublesome political and economic contexts. Still, the problem with disinformation is not limited to fake news because, even when content comes from trustworthy sources and verifiable facts, there are filters that present a subjective, biased and deformed reality. Within this context, we are submitting an example of a positive practice in media literacy targeting Research Methodology students at the Faculty of Communication. During this project, students analyzed the way women and men are shown on the cover of a local printed newspaper El Porvenir in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. In broad strokes, the results found a preference for stories showcasing men and stereotypes that place men in the public sphere and women in a private domain.
{"title":"Challenging Stereotypes with Media and Information Literacy in Mexico","authors":"Julieta Flores Michel, Margarita Emilia González Treviño, Alma Elena Gutiérrez Leyton","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.4","url":null,"abstract":"Information overload that affects digital natives and other generations in the 21st century makes it difficult for recipients to analyze the information’s truthfulness and quality. In this context, items of fake news pass as facts that could be interpreted as true, which may result in serious issues for the social fabric, especially if immersed in unstable or troublesome political and economic contexts. Still, the problem with disinformation is not limited to fake news because, even when content comes from trustworthy sources and verifiable facts, there are filters that present a subjective, biased and deformed reality. Within this context, we are submitting an example of a positive practice in media literacy targeting Research Methodology students at the Faculty of Communication. During this project, students analyzed the way women and men are shown on the cover of a local printed newspaper El Porvenir in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. In broad strokes, the results found a preference for stories showcasing men and stereotypes that place men in the public sphere and women in a private domain.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based on a research study designed to explore how adolescents, in situations of political polarization, deploy online networks to articulate, negotiate, and enact their political and religious identities. Based on social media ethnography tracing the online engagements of 44 high school students over a period of eighteen months, and supplemented with in-depth interviews conducted in their village communities, this study explores why social media networks emerge as ideological niches frequented by students to enact their participation as members of their respective religious communities. It suggests that in situation of experienced political polarization and discrimination, students use social media affordances to replicate their offline socio-political and religious engagements onto their virtual spaces and in the process reinforce their radical religious identities.
{"title":"‘In times of crisis, followers of one true god unite’","authors":"K. Bhatia","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on a research study designed to explore how adolescents, in situations of political polarization, deploy online networks to articulate, negotiate, and enact their political and religious identities. Based on social media ethnography tracing the online engagements of 44 high school students over a period of eighteen months, and supplemented with in-depth interviews conducted in their village communities, this study explores why social media networks emerge as ideological niches frequented by students to enact their participation as members of their respective religious communities. It suggests that in situation of experienced political polarization and discrimination, students use social media affordances to replicate their offline socio-political and religious engagements onto their virtual spaces and in the process reinforce their radical religious identities.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an increasingly challenging media environment of post-truth and fake news, disinformation may impact the way young people perceive the world. In this study, we seek to understand how young people engage with news, their perceptions around disinformation, and how they see the relevance of critical thinking for their civic and political lives. Using a mixed method model, we developed a focus group activity with a total of 45 participants, based on the analysis of 562 questionnaires previously administered to first-year undergraduates of two Portuguese universities. The results show that although most students report limited critical analysis of information, they do reveal concerns about disinformation in their lives, suggesting a set of actions in order to combat fake news spread. Furthermore, the findings reinforce the need for news and media literacy that concerns a post-fact culture.
{"title":"Fake or Not Fake? Perceptions of Undergraduates on (Dis)Information and Critical Thinking","authors":"Ana Melro, Sara Pereira","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.3","url":null,"abstract":"In an increasingly challenging media environment of post-truth and fake news, disinformation may impact the way young people perceive the world. In this study, we seek to understand how young people engage with news, their perceptions around disinformation, and how they see the relevance of critical thinking for their civic and political lives. Using a mixed method model, we developed a focus group activity with a total of 45 participants, based on the analysis of 562 questionnaires previously administered to first-year undergraduates of two Portuguese universities. The results show that although most students report limited critical analysis of information, they do reveal concerns about disinformation in their lives, suggesting a set of actions in order to combat fake news spread. Furthermore, the findings reinforce the need for news and media literacy that concerns a post-fact culture.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48268456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyzes the media treatment of two sex scandals: the “Stormy Daniels scandal”, which involved the current US President Donald Trump in 2018 and the “Ruby scandal”, which involved Silvio Berlusconi in 2010, while he was Italy’s Prime Minister. By combining both quantitative and qualitative methodologies the aim is to discover whether the media treatment is different, as we can expect since the two countries belong to two different media systems, or if, following the theory of Americanization of political communication, the Italian media will tend to emulate the American model. Furthermore, another aim of this study is to detect whether a shift towards a more Polarized Pluralist model can be identified in the USA, as some authors have started foreseeing. The results will show that both countries’ media behave coherently with the traditional feature of their media system, the Polarized Pluralist and the Liberal.
{"title":"Similar Politicians, Different Media","authors":"L. Cervi","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the media treatment of two sex scandals: the “Stormy Daniels scandal”, which involved the current US President Donald Trump in 2018 and the “Ruby scandal”, which involved Silvio Berlusconi in 2010, while he was Italy’s Prime Minister. By combining both quantitative and qualitative methodologies the aim is to discover whether the media treatment is different, as we can expect since the two countries belong to two different media systems, or if, following the theory of Americanization of political communication, the Italian media will tend to emulate the American model. Furthermore, another aim of this study is to detect whether a shift towards a more Polarized Pluralist model can be identified in the USA, as some authors have started foreseeing. The results will show that both countries’ media behave coherently with the traditional feature of their media system, the Polarized Pluralist and the Liberal.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44701296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent increase in usage of concepts such as ‘fake news’ or ‘post-truth’ reveals the importance of digital literacy especially on social media. In the digital era, people’s views on different topics are attempted to be manipulated with disinformation and fake news. Fake content is rapidly replacing the reality among new media users. It is stated with concepts such as ‘filter bubbles’ and ‘echo chambers’ that there is a greater tendency for people to be fed with content that is ideologically appropriate to their own views and to believe in fake news in this content. This article analyzes the structure and functioning of fact-checking organizations in the context of preventing propagation of fake news and improving digital literacy. The research is based on content analysis of verification activities of the fact-checking organization Teyit.org, which is a member of International Fact-Checking Network in Turkey, between January 1 and June 31, 2018. By conducting in-depth interviews with the verification team, propagation of fake news on social networks, fact-checking processes and their methods of combating fake news are revealed. Our article found that fake content spreading specifically through the Internet predominantly consists of political issues.
{"title":"The Function and Importance of Fact-Checking Organizations in the Era of Fake News","authors":"Recep Ünal, Alp Şahin Çiçeklioğlu","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.8","url":null,"abstract":"The recent increase in usage of concepts such as ‘fake news’ or ‘post-truth’ reveals the importance of digital literacy especially on social media. In the digital era, people’s views on different topics are attempted to be manipulated with disinformation and fake news. Fake content is rapidly replacing the reality among new media users. It is stated with concepts such as ‘filter bubbles’ and ‘echo chambers’ that there is a greater tendency for people to be fed with content that is ideologically appropriate to their own views and to believe in fake news in this content. This article analyzes the structure and functioning of fact-checking organizations in the context of preventing propagation of fake news and improving digital literacy. The research is based on content analysis of verification activities of the fact-checking organization Teyit.org, which is a member of International Fact-Checking Network in Turkey, between January 1 and June 31, 2018. By conducting in-depth interviews with the verification team, propagation of fake news on social networks, fact-checking processes and their methods of combating fake news are revealed. Our article found that fake content spreading specifically through the Internet predominantly consists of political issues.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43270692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article shares research findings to support the case for media literacy education to facilitate resilient media engagement by young citizens. It shares the outcomes of a project funded by the US Embassy in London, which brought together leading researchers from the United States and UK with a range of key stakeholders, including journalists, teachers, students, librarians and information professionals. This ethnographic research consisted of interviews with prominent members of the stakeholder fields, four multi-stakeholder dialogic workshops and an extensive field review or literature, policy, pedagogic practice and existing educational resources. From the findings of this ethnography, the argument is presented that critical media literacy, if adopted as a mandatory subject in schools and taught as a dynamic literacy education, would better equip young citizens with resilience to ‘information disorder’ (Wardle and Derakhshan, 2017) than reactive resources (such as fact-checking and verification tools) and small-scale projects which focus primarily on competences.
{"title":"Media Literacy versus Fake News","authors":"J. McDougall","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article shares research findings to support the case for media literacy education to facilitate resilient media engagement by young citizens. It shares the outcomes of a project funded by the US Embassy in London, which brought together leading researchers from the United States and UK with a range of key stakeholders, including journalists, teachers, students, librarians and information professionals. This ethnographic research consisted of interviews with prominent members of the stakeholder fields, four multi-stakeholder dialogic workshops and an extensive field review or literature, policy, pedagogic practice and existing educational resources. From the findings of this ethnography, the argument is presented that critical media literacy, if adopted as a mandatory subject in schools and taught as a dynamic literacy education, would better equip young citizens with resilience to ‘information disorder’ (Wardle and Derakhshan, 2017) than reactive resources (such as fact-checking and verification tools) and small-scale projects which focus primarily on competences.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44967655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the major modifications created by the “social turn” i.e. the emergence of social media. It presents the drastic change of ecosystem created by the three “continents” of the Internet. This sets up the context of deployment for “information disorders” such as radicalisation and disinformation. The analysis then considers the risks and opportunities for Media and Information Literacy: on the one hand, the rise of fact-checking and the increasing interference of social media platforms; on the other hand, the augmentation of the Media and Information Literacy epistemology and the Media and Information Literacy paradigm shift entailed by information disorders. It concludes on an agenda for Media and Information Literacy in 21st century.
{"title":"Information Disorders","authors":"D. Frau-Meigs","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the major modifications created by the “social turn” i.e. the emergence of social media. It presents the drastic change of ecosystem created by the three “continents” of the Internet. This sets up the context of deployment for “information disorders” such as radicalisation and disinformation. The analysis then considers the risks and opportunities for Media and Information Literacy: on the one hand, the rise of fact-checking and the increasing interference of social media platforms; on the other hand, the augmentation of the Media and Information Literacy epistemology and the Media and Information Literacy paradigm shift entailed by information disorders. It concludes on an agenda for Media and Information Literacy in 21st century.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Koga ćete zvati? Razvoj digitalnih vođa na sveučilištu: studija slučaja","authors":"Yota Dimitriadi","doi":"10.20901/MS.10.19.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/MS.10.19.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"102-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/MS.10.19.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67613294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today’s societies live in a world where the media construct reality, which also affects each individual media user. Children and their parents spend most of their time with digital media and contents. Therefore, researchers emphasize the importance of digital literacy of media users. They analyse new phenomena, challenges and risks associated with the anthropological, cognitive and social development of children and young people. An important role in media and digital education is played not only by teachers and schools, but also by parents and family. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the theoretical approaches to digital media literacy, so-called digital parenting, and to interpret the results of the latest research in Croatia devoted to the digital habits of parents, their attitudes towards parental mediation strategies as well as to their satisfaction with the programmes of media literacy in the education system.
{"title":"Digital Media Literacy, School and Contemporary Parenting","authors":"Lana Ciboci, Danijel Labaš","doi":"10.20901/ms.10.19.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.5","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s societies live in a world where the media construct reality, which also affects each individual media user. Children and their parents spend most of their time with digital media and contents. Therefore, researchers emphasize the importance of digital literacy of media users. They analyse new phenomena, challenges and risks associated with the anthropological, cognitive and social development of children and young people. An important role in media and digital education is played not only by teachers and schools, but also by parents and family. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the theoretical approaches to digital media literacy, so-called digital parenting, and to interpret the results of the latest research in Croatia devoted to the digital habits of parents, their attitudes towards parental mediation strategies as well as to their satisfaction with the programmes of media literacy in the education system.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/ms.10.19.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49010014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivy Lee i Edward Bernays nedvojbeno su kao pojedinci imali izuzetno velik utjecaj na razvoj modernih odnosa s javnošću. Djelujući na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, obojica su promovirali i primjenjivali elemente dvosmjernog modela komuniciranja između organizacija za koje su radili i koje su savjetovali te njihovih javnosti, a kao pioniri tada nove profesije često su bili metom kritika zbog navodnog i mogućeg manipuliranja javnošću. Ovaj rad daje pregled I usporedbu djelovanja Ivyja Leeja i Edwarda Bernaysa u odnosima s javnošću, analizira ključne metode kojima su se služili te nastoji valorizirati doprinos koji su obojica dali razvoju struke na počecima modern prakse. Rad dodatno razmatra pristupe, principe i načine na koji su Lee i Bernays prakticirali odnose s javnošću te primjenjivali strategije, tehnike i alate kako bi ostvarili ciljeve organizacija s kojima su surađivali. Osim doprinosa samom razvoju prakse odnosa s javnošću, rad razmatra i povijesni doprinos obojice praktičara teorijskom proučavanju odnosa s javnošću.
{"title":"Ivy Ledbetter Lee vs. Edward Bernays","authors":"Damir Jugo","doi":"10.20901/MS.9.18.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20901/MS.9.18.6","url":null,"abstract":"Ivy Lee i Edward Bernays nedvojbeno su kao pojedinci imali izuzetno velik utjecaj na razvoj modernih odnosa s javnošću. Djelujući na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, obojica su promovirali i primjenjivali elemente dvosmjernog modela komuniciranja između organizacija za koje su radili i koje su savjetovali te njihovih javnosti, a kao pioniri tada nove profesije često su bili metom kritika zbog navodnog i mogućeg manipuliranja javnošću. Ovaj rad daje pregled I usporedbu djelovanja Ivyja Leeja i Edwarda Bernaysa u odnosima s javnošću, analizira ključne metode kojima su se služili te nastoji valorizirati doprinos koji su obojica dali razvoju struke na počecima modern prakse. Rad dodatno razmatra pristupe, principe i načine na koji su Lee i Bernays prakticirali odnose s javnošću te primjenjivali strategije, tehnike i alate kako bi ostvarili ciljeve organizacija s kojima su surađivali. Osim doprinosa samom razvoju prakse odnosa s javnošću, rad razmatra i povijesni doprinos obojice praktičara teorijskom proučavanju odnosa s javnošću.","PeriodicalId":41574,"journal":{"name":"Medijske Studije-Media Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20901/MS.9.18.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43213330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：