Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00026
S. M. Carpels, Yusuke Yamamoto, Y. Mizuno-Matsumoto
: Graph theoretical analysis has recently been used to study brain function. This study aims to compare the functional brain networks derived from electroencephalography (EEG) of 10 patients suffering from epilepsy with 10 healthy subjects based on graph theory. Five epochs per healthy subject, and ten epochs (during epileptiform discharge and non-discharge) per patient were selected and analyzed using wavelet–crosscorrelation analysis. The clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, small-worldness, and nodal betweenness centrality were calculated using graph analysis. The results showed that in the patients, Wavelet-crosscorrelation Coefficients (WCC) were significantly higher, and clustering and path length were significantly lower during discharge compared with the healthy subjects, along with alterations in the hub regions. These results suggest a loss of small-world topology in the functional brain network of epilepsy patients. A loss of small-world topology was found even during non-discharge, therefore network indices might aid to distinguish epilepsy patients from healthy individuals.
{"title":"Graph Theoretical Analysis of Interictal EEG Data in Epilepsy Patients during Epileptiform Discharge and Non-discharge","authors":"S. M. Carpels, Yusuke Yamamoto, Y. Mizuno-Matsumoto","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00026","url":null,"abstract":": Graph theoretical analysis has recently been used to study brain function. This study aims to compare the functional brain networks derived from electroencephalography (EEG) of 10 patients suffering from epilepsy with 10 healthy subjects based on graph theory. Five epochs per healthy subject, and ten epochs (during epileptiform discharge and non-discharge) per patient were selected and analyzed using wavelet–crosscorrelation analysis. The clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, small-worldness, and nodal betweenness centrality were calculated using graph analysis. The results showed that in the patients, Wavelet-crosscorrelation Coefficients (WCC) were significantly higher, and clustering and path length were significantly lower during discharge compared with the healthy subjects, along with alterations in the hub regions. These results suggest a loss of small-world topology in the functional brain network of epilepsy patients. A loss of small-world topology was found even during non-discharge, therefore network indices might aid to distinguish epilepsy patients from healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00020
Oscar Eduardo Sakay Rodriguez, Soh Masuko, T. Yamanaka
: How complex should the food photographs of a restaurant menu be? Studies on image complexity have been conducted using objective and subjective approaches. Nevertheless, neither approach considers the factors that photographers commonly manipulate during image creation. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the impression of complexity considering these factors. Through interviews, factors like the Camera Angle, Background, Lighting, Light Color, and the Number of Decorative Elements were identified and defined. Based on these definitions, food images were analyzed and tested by participants who assessed their impression of complexity. The results suggested that the amount of decorative element is a factor with a significant effect on the impression of complexity. Furthermore, the correlation between the number of decorative elements and the evaluations suggested that measuring food image complexity according to the decoration in the image is a closer representation of the impression of complexity judged by human subjects.
{"title":"A Method for Evaluating Food Image Complexity from the Photographer’s Perspective","authors":"Oscar Eduardo Sakay Rodriguez, Soh Masuko, T. Yamanaka","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00020","url":null,"abstract":": How complex should the food photographs of a restaurant menu be? Studies on image complexity have been conducted using objective and subjective approaches. Nevertheless, neither approach considers the factors that photographers commonly manipulate during image creation. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the impression of complexity considering these factors. Through interviews, factors like the Camera Angle, Background, Lighting, Light Color, and the Number of Decorative Elements were identified and defined. Based on these definitions, food images were analyzed and tested by participants who assessed their impression of complexity. The results suggested that the amount of decorative element is a factor with a significant effect on the impression of complexity. Furthermore, the correlation between the number of decorative elements and the evaluations suggested that measuring food image complexity according to the decoration in the image is a closer representation of the impression of complexity judged by human subjects.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-21-00006
S. Papantonopoulos, Marianthi Bortziou, M. Karasavova
: Kansei Engineering was used to research the relationship between design elements and their emotional impressions in the design of saffron packaging. A preliminary study was conducted to define the target market of saffron; to determine the most important design elements of the existing packaging of saffron on the Greek market; and to better define the product domain for a follow-up study of saffron packaging on the international market. The follow-up study examined products with a glass-jar as primary package shown in the preliminary study to be the consumers’ most preferable. The study determined the most important design elements of saffron products and evaluated them in accordance with the consumers’ emotional preferences. Design recommendations pertaining to such elements as label background color, type of closure, tamper-proof seal, and the presence of an eco label and expanded information about the product were formulated.
{"title":"A Kansei Engineering Study of Saffron Packaging Design","authors":"S. Papantonopoulos, Marianthi Bortziou, M. Karasavova","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-21-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-21-00006","url":null,"abstract":": Kansei Engineering was used to research the relationship between design elements and their emotional impressions in the design of saffron packaging. A preliminary study was conducted to define the target market of saffron; to determine the most important design elements of the existing packaging of saffron on the Greek market; and to better define the product domain for a follow-up study of saffron packaging on the international market. The follow-up study examined products with a glass-jar as primary package shown in the preliminary study to be the consumers’ most preferable. The study determined the most important design elements of saffron products and evaluated them in accordance with the consumers’ emotional preferences. Design recommendations pertaining to such elements as label background color, type of closure, tamper-proof seal, and the presence of an eco label and expanded information about the product were formulated.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00022
Luyi Huang, Shigaku Tei, Yilang Wu, H. Shiizuka
: Drawing is an important skill, but it is difficult for people who are weak in visual or spatial perception. In this study, we aim at utilizing computer support to assist people’s visual perception during their drawing practice. To this end, we propose to use AI technology based on CNN (convolutional neural network) model to recognize what people draw, and then output CG (computer graphics) according the recognition result. We apply this proposed solution to support the practice in creating design patterns like the tessellation. Our work includes four contributions in-below. (1) recognition of the user’s original drawing based on our trained AI model; (2) generation of new visual design by incorporating the result of recognition into the pattern called tessellation; (3) a digital interface to interactively provide the drawing recognition and tessellation generation; (4) our work is the first trial to realize the innovation tetra proposed by Dr. H. Shiizuka. A cross validation shows the theoretically accuracy of the train AI model. The result of a questionnaire-based evaluation shows the practical usability of the support system, and also advise us future improvement to reach various user requirements.
{"title":"A Support System for Artful Design of Tessellations Drawing using CNN and CG","authors":"Luyi Huang, Shigaku Tei, Yilang Wu, H. Shiizuka","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00022","url":null,"abstract":": Drawing is an important skill, but it is difficult for people who are weak in visual or spatial perception. In this study, we aim at utilizing computer support to assist people’s visual perception during their drawing practice. To this end, we propose to use AI technology based on CNN (convolutional neural network) model to recognize what people draw, and then output CG (computer graphics) according the recognition result. We apply this proposed solution to support the practice in creating design patterns like the tessellation. Our work includes four contributions in-below. (1) recognition of the user’s original drawing based on our trained AI model; (2) generation of new visual design by incorporating the result of recognition into the pattern called tessellation; (3) a digital interface to interactively provide the drawing recognition and tessellation generation; (4) our work is the first trial to realize the innovation tetra proposed by Dr. H. Shiizuka. A cross validation shows the theoretically accuracy of the train AI model. The result of a questionnaire-based evaluation shows the practical usability of the support system, and also advise us future improvement to reach various user requirements.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00013
S. Okamoto
The establishment of methods for recording and analyzing the dynamic changes in the human affective responses is important for understanding and utilizing affective dynamics. This study analyzes the structure of sensory and affective responses recorded through the temporal dominance (TD) method, which is an effective dynamic sensory appraisal approach. Temporal evolution is modeled by state-space local-level equations, and the structure of the responses is estimated based on the covariance matrix of the disturbances of the state variables. This approach is applied to the TD responses for strawberries recorded in a previous study, and its validity is examined.
{"title":"Structural Modeling of Temporal Dominance Responses Using Covariances of Contemporary Changes in Subjective Qualities","authors":"S. Okamoto","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00013","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of methods for recording and analyzing the dynamic changes in the human affective responses is important for understanding and utilizing affective dynamics. This study analyzes the structure of sensory and affective responses recorded through the temporal dominance (TD) method, which is an effective dynamic sensory appraisal approach. Temporal evolution is modeled by state-space local-level equations, and the structure of the responses is estimated based on the covariance matrix of the disturbances of the state variables. This approach is applied to the TD responses for strawberries recorded in a previous study, and its validity is examined.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00024
Kota Kano, Hisaya Tanaka
: In this study, we created two N-back task tasks — a verbal working memory (VWM) task and a spatial working memory (SWM) task. We compared the reaction with numerical working memory (NWM). In the experiment, we utilized NWM, VWM, and SWM 3- and 1-back tasks. We employed near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the response of oxyhemoglobin during the working memory tasks. In the analysis, we used changes in oxyhemoglobin of NWM, VWM, and SWM, activation frequency, and accuracy rate. The results showed that VWM and SWM performed the same measurement as NWM. We obtained no relationship between the correct answer rate and activation of the prefrontal cortex in the 1-back task, but the activity frequency was low. The 3-back task had a lower correct answer rate than 1-back but a higher activation frequency. It means that moderate difficulty can encourage activation.
{"title":"Measurement of Spatial and Verbal Working Memory Using N-Back Task by Near-infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Kota Kano, Hisaya Tanaka","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00024","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, we created two N-back task tasks — a verbal working memory (VWM) task and a spatial working memory (SWM) task. We compared the reaction with numerical working memory (NWM). In the experiment, we utilized NWM, VWM, and SWM 3- and 1-back tasks. We employed near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the response of oxyhemoglobin during the working memory tasks. In the analysis, we used changes in oxyhemoglobin of NWM, VWM, and SWM, activation frequency, and accuracy rate. The results showed that VWM and SWM performed the same measurement as NWM. We obtained no relationship between the correct answer rate and activation of the prefrontal cortex in the 1-back task, but the activity frequency was low. The 3-back task had a lower correct answer rate than 1-back but a higher activation frequency. It means that moderate difficulty can encourage activation.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00076
Oscar Eduardo SAKAY RODRIGUEZ, Soh Masuko, T. Yamanaka
{"title":"The Impression of Deliciousness through Food Photography","authors":"Oscar Eduardo SAKAY RODRIGUEZ, Soh Masuko, T. Yamanaka","doi":"10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70687875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00017
T. Hochin, Qiyu Yang, Hiroki Nomiya
This paper experimentally clarifies differences and similarities of the impression of sound clips among Japanese males, Chinese males, and Chinese females. It is shown that the factor of brightness commonly appears in the impression factors of Japanese males, Chinese males, and Chinese females, while the other factors do not always appear. The factors of Japanese males may be similar to those of Chinese females. This similarity is quantitatively clarified. It is also shown that this tendency appears for pictures.
{"title":"Cultural and Gender Differences and Similarities of Impressions of Sound Clips and Pictures","authors":"T. Hochin, Qiyu Yang, Hiroki Nomiya","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper experimentally clarifies differences and similarities of the impression of sound clips among Japanese males, Chinese males, and Chinese females. It is shown that the factor of brightness commonly appears in the impression factors of Japanese males, Chinese males, and Chinese females, while the other factors do not always appear. The factors of Japanese males may be similar to those of Chinese females. This similarity is quantitatively clarified. It is also shown that this tendency appears for pictures.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00030
Hodaka Yamaguchi, G. Fujimaki, Naruto Miyagawa, Hiroaki Yoshida
This study examined the desk heights of flat/sloped writing desks with the hypothesis that tilted boards can adjust to height differences. We conducted two experiments: a pilot experiment investigating the effect of a tilted board on subjective usability and other measured responses, and another experiment analyzing the combination of a tilted angle with varying desk heights. As a result, we found that subjective usability of the tilted desk was significantly better than a flat desk. Additionally, it was suggested that a 10° tilted board can accommodate a wider range of Sashaku (height difference between desk and seat) than other conditions. Based on the results, we calculated quadratic curves with the acceptable percentages and Sashaku as the objective and explanatory variables, respectively, for each tilted angle to derive the recommended ranges of Sashaku. Finally, we proposed design values for the flat/sloped writing desk that can consider individual preferences of desk heights.
{"title":"Design of Flat/Sloped Writing Desk Considering Acceptability of Individual Preference Regarding Desk Heights","authors":"Hodaka Yamaguchi, G. Fujimaki, Naruto Miyagawa, Hiroaki Yoshida","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00030","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the desk heights of flat/sloped writing desks with the hypothesis that tilted boards can adjust to height differences. We conducted two experiments: a pilot experiment investigating the effect of a tilted board on subjective usability and other measured responses, and another experiment analyzing the combination of a tilted angle with varying desk heights. As a result, we found that subjective usability of the tilted desk was significantly better than a flat desk. Additionally, it was suggested that a 10° tilted board can accommodate a wider range of Sashaku (height difference between desk and seat) than other conditions. Based on the results, we calculated quadratic curves with the acceptable percentages and Sashaku as the objective and explanatory variables, respectively, for each tilted angle to derive the recommended ranges of Sashaku. Finally, we proposed design values for the flat/sloped writing desk that can consider individual preferences of desk heights.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00028
Y. Fujimoto, Toshiyuki Saito, Yukari Takaku
To increase affective value of living space, we've been approaching to clarify the emotions and those emotional triggers while dressing at a powder room. From analyzing online interview data of 8 women, we externalized the difference between emotional causal relationship of "Dressing to see someone" like family outing and that of "Dressing without any purpose to see someone". Construe the frequency of seeing someone as "sociality", we made a discussion about its influence on the emotional causal relationship, referring to the change of sociality through Covid-19.
{"title":"Effective Trigger to Emotional Causal Relationship at Powder Room","authors":"Y. Fujimoto, Toshiyuki Saito, Yukari Takaku","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00028","url":null,"abstract":"To increase affective value of living space, we've been approaching to clarify the emotions and those emotional triggers while dressing at a powder room. From analyzing online interview data of 8 women, we externalized the difference between emotional causal relationship of \"Dressing to see someone\" like family outing and that of \"Dressing without any purpose to see someone\". Construe the frequency of seeing someone as \"sociality\", we made a discussion about its influence on the emotional causal relationship, referring to the change of sociality through Covid-19.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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