Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-41-63
S. Kapkanshchikov
The article describes the “symptoms” and the methods of unfolding of the “Dutch disease”. Transitioning of Russia’s “Dutch disease” to a more acute form is viewed as a cyclical process predetermined by both an excessive strengthening of Rouble and by wide gaps in profitability between natural resource complex and other industries. The article also explains the meaning of the so-called “Russian disease” as well as the drivers of its spreading through Russia’s economy. The author argues that an acceleration of Russia’s GDP growth is not possible under the narrow framework of the natural resource extraction economic model which justifies in author’s view a need for transition from the resource economy to an economy based on science and technology development.
{"title":"”RUSSIAN DISEASE” AS A STAGE OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE GRONINGEN EFFECT","authors":"S. Kapkanshchikov","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-41-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-41-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the “symptoms” and the methods of unfolding of the “Dutch disease”. Transitioning of Russia’s “Dutch disease” to a more acute form is viewed as a cyclical process predetermined by both an excessive strengthening of Rouble and by wide gaps in profitability between natural resource complex and other industries. The article also explains the meaning of the so-called “Russian disease” as well as the drivers of its spreading through Russia’s economy. The author argues that an acceleration of Russia’s GDP growth is not possible under the narrow framework of the natural resource extraction economic model which justifies in author’s view a need for transition from the resource economy to an economy based on science and technology development.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"23 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.33983/130-9757-2022-5-101-115
A. Kolganov
The need for technological modernization of the Russian economy within the framework of the existing economic model is not realized. This makes us turn to the study of alternative models, among which the domestic experience of a regulated mixed economy during the period of the new economic policy deserves attention. It was the world’s first mixed economy model that included a set of regulatory methods based on strategic planning. In addition to the strategic plan itself, this model included direct budget investment, budget subsidies, government orders, regulation of monopoly prices, methods of credit expansion and restriction. Based on this model, such elements of economic modernization were implemented as expanded training of qualified workers and specialists, the development of independent research and development activities in key areas of technological progress, the creation of new industries and enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy, the organization of import substitution. The implementation of these measures also included the extensive use of foreign technical assistance and the involvement of workers and specialists from abroad. It seems that this experience can be adapted to the realities of the modern Russian economy in order to ensure real progress in the direction of its technological modernization.
{"title":"THE MIXED ECONOMY OF THE USSR: LESSONS FOR RUSSIA","authors":"A. Kolganov","doi":"10.33983/130-9757-2022-5-101-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/130-9757-2022-5-101-115","url":null,"abstract":"The need for technological modernization of the Russian economy within the framework of the existing economic model is not realized. This makes us turn to the study of alternative models, among which the domestic experience of a regulated mixed economy during the period of the new economic policy deserves attention. It was the world’s first mixed economy model that included a set of regulatory methods based on strategic planning. In addition to the strategic plan itself, this model included direct budget investment, budget subsidies, government orders, regulation of monopoly prices, methods of credit expansion and restriction. Based on this model, such elements of economic modernization were implemented as expanded training of qualified workers and specialists, the development of independent research and development activities in key areas of technological progress, the creation of new industries and enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy, the organization of import substitution. The implementation of these measures also included the extensive use of foreign technical assistance and the involvement of workers and specialists from abroad. It seems that this experience can be adapted to the realities of the modern Russian economy in order to ensure real progress in the direction of its technological modernization.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-4-21
A. Buzgalin, S. Glazyev
The article argues the conclusion about the need to reform the education system in the field of economic theory. The reason for this is both the general problems known for many decades of reducing this field of teaching to courses in micro- and macroeconomics with some additions, and new circumstances — profound changes in economic life in the world in general and in Russia in particular. The authors show that the beginning of qualitative changes in technology, the aggravation of global problems and geopolitical confrontations necessitated transformations in the space of economic relations and institutions. The still dominant model of late capitalism is in crisis, which is recognized not only by critics, but also by adherents of this system (in particular, the leaders of the Davos Forum). In the Russian Federation, the changes in economic life are even more profound. In these conditions, fundamental economic education is necessary, which adequately reflects the changes taking place, preparing entrepreneurs, civil servants, households to make decisions in new conditions. Based on neoclassical postulates, micro- and macroeconomic theory, even if supplemented by developments in behavioral economics and new institutionalism, cannot fully reflect new phenomena. Meanwhile, at present, the teaching of economic theory is reduced to these courses, although there are important exceptions (courses, textbooks in China, Russia, the USA, Europe) that show the fruitfulness of a different model of teaching economic theory, which includes not only neoclassics. The article concludes with a system of concrete proposals for the restructuring of the education system in the field of economic theory in Russia.
{"title":"RUSSIAN EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC THEORY: AN UPDATE IS NEEDED","authors":"A. Buzgalin, S. Glazyev","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-4-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-4-21","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues the conclusion about the need to reform the education system in the field of economic theory. The reason for this is both the general problems known for many decades of reducing this field of teaching to courses in micro- and macroeconomics with some additions, and new circumstances — profound changes in economic life in the world in general and in Russia in particular. The authors show that the beginning of qualitative changes in technology, the aggravation of global problems and geopolitical confrontations necessitated transformations in the space of economic relations and institutions. The still dominant model of late capitalism is in crisis, which is recognized not only by critics, but also by adherents of this system (in particular, the leaders of the Davos Forum). In the Russian Federation, the changes in economic life are even more profound. In these conditions, fundamental economic education is necessary, which adequately reflects the changes taking place, preparing entrepreneurs, civil servants, households to make decisions in new conditions. Based on neoclassical postulates, micro- and macroeconomic theory, even if supplemented by developments in behavioral economics and new institutionalism, cannot fully reflect new phenomena. Meanwhile, at present, the teaching of economic theory is reduced to these courses, although there are important exceptions (courses, textbooks in China, Russia, the USA, Europe) that show the fruitfulness of a different model of teaching economic theory, which includes not only neoclassics. The article concludes with a system of concrete proposals for the restructuring of the education system in the field of economic theory in Russia.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115560984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-116-128
A. Nagimova
The article discusses a model for protecting Shariah-comliant investors by creating an Islamic deposit insurance system that built into the traditional financial system. In particular, the article is aimed to identify the architecture and principles of such a system in Malaysia. A qualitative approach that based on primary and secondary data obtained using the methods of in-depth expert interviews, content analysis, case studies and literature review has been applied. The results of this study will be useful to participants and organizers of the Islamic finance market, as they allow to identify important details that help launch the Islamic deposit insurance system in the post-Soviet area. This study can also be used in the educational process as a reference material on Islamic financial practices that have developed in the world.
{"title":"ISLAMIC DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM: THE EVIDENCE OF MALAYSIA","authors":"A. Nagimova","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-116-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-116-128","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses a model for protecting Shariah-comliant investors by creating an Islamic deposit insurance system that built into the traditional financial system. In particular, the article is aimed to identify the architecture and principles of such a system in Malaysia. A qualitative approach that based on primary and secondary data obtained using the methods of in-depth expert interviews, content analysis, case studies and literature review has been applied. The results of this study will be useful to participants and organizers of the Islamic finance market, as they allow to identify important details that help launch the Islamic deposit insurance system in the post-Soviet area. This study can also be used in the educational process as a reference material on Islamic financial practices that have developed in the world.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122860051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-64-82
S. Kamolov, S. S. Glazyeva, Samal K. Tazhiyeva
Smart Cities have been in the focus of scientific community, states, and city authorities for over decade now. Unprecedented urbanization rates are forcing governments to think about how to provide comfortable and safe living in high population density regions. Our research shows that this subject is making its way to priority matter of regional integration associations around the globe. For instance, the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are already implementing joint projects and initiatives in the field of smart cities. It is expected that due to the development of the digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union smart cities will be discussed within the EAEU. Regarding these trends, the authors raise a research question whether Russia, taking advantage of such strategic advantages as geographical remoteness from global innovation hubs, cultural and historical multidimensional ties, and relying on rich experience in the development of smart city technologies, can effectively compete with foreign technology suppliers and achieve technological leadership in the Eurasian region. We apply a comprehensive methodology based on the methods of Gartner, NASA and PM Solutions to derive the empirical data and evidence-based conclusions on market structure, industry and geographical breakdowns and evaluate Russia’s technological prospects in the region for the following decade.
{"title":"SMART CITIES IN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: OUTLOOK FOR RUSSIAN REGIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP","authors":"S. Kamolov, S. S. Glazyeva, Samal K. Tazhiyeva","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-64-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-5-64-82","url":null,"abstract":"Smart Cities have been in the focus of scientific community, states, and city authorities for over decade now. Unprecedented urbanization rates are forcing governments to think about how to provide comfortable and safe living in high population density regions. Our research shows that this subject is making its way to priority matter of regional integration associations around the globe. For instance, the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are already implementing joint projects and initiatives in the field of smart cities. It is expected that due to the development of the digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union smart cities will be discussed within the EAEU. Regarding these trends, the authors raise a research question whether Russia, taking advantage of such strategic advantages as geographical remoteness from global innovation hubs, cultural and historical multidimensional ties, and relying on rich experience in the development of smart city technologies, can effectively compete with foreign technology suppliers and achieve technological leadership in the Eurasian region. We apply a comprehensive methodology based on the methods of Gartner, NASA and PM Solutions to derive the empirical data and evidence-based conclusions on market structure, industry and geographical breakdowns and evaluate Russia’s technological prospects in the region for the following decade.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134225220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-30-47
N. Yakovleva
The article raises one of the most pressing problems caused by both the general crisis of the existing market economy model and the exacerbation of geopolitical contradictions in 2022 — the problem of identifying key factors that ensure technological and socio-economic modernization. One of the least studied aspects of this problem is highlighted — the role of education in the formation of human potential, which in the conditions of transition to the 5th and 6th technological modes becomes the most important source of technological and socio-economic progress. The reason for this is that the main content of these transformations is creative work in its content, while the formation of a person’s creative potential is provided primarily by the education system, understood as the unity of the processes of learning, education and enlightenment. The modern education system, however, is characterized by contradictions associated with the deployment of the processes of commercialization, financialization and bureaucratization of education, which reduces the effectiveness of this area in the formation of human potential and, consequently, the implementation of technological and socio-economic modernization. In conclusion, the main directions of resolving these contradictions are highlighted.
{"title":"EDUCATION: THE ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF HUMAN POTENTIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIA","authors":"N. Yakovleva","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-30-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-30-47","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises one of the most pressing problems caused by both the general crisis of the existing market economy model and the exacerbation of geopolitical contradictions in 2022 — the problem of identifying key factors that ensure technological and socio-economic modernization. One of the least studied aspects of this problem is highlighted — the role of education in the formation of human potential, which in the conditions of transition to the 5th and 6th technological modes becomes the most important source of technological and socio-economic progress. The reason for this is that the main content of these transformations is creative work in its content, while the formation of a person’s creative potential is provided primarily by the education system, understood as the unity of the processes of learning, education and enlightenment. The modern education system, however, is characterized by contradictions associated with the deployment of the processes of commercialization, financialization and bureaucratization of education, which reduces the effectiveness of this area in the formation of human potential and, consequently, the implementation of technological and socio-economic modernization. In conclusion, the main directions of resolving these contradictions are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122973455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-4-29
Yu.B. Vinslav
The institutional and managerial features of the world practice of economic sanctions are characterized. The classification of economic sanctions is proposed, as well as the directions of strategic analysis in this area. The features of the application of foreign sanctions to the Russian economy are considered. The content of anti-crisis measures planned to stabilize the Russian economy under sanctions is outlined. The expediency of using the mobilization economic model as a technology of public administration in special conditions is substantiated. The author’s systematization of the state’s actions on the introduction of the mobilization regime is given. The directions of economic transformation in the context of overcoming the crisis are characterized. The features of the management of the industrial sphere at various stages of the use of the mobilization regime are considered. The directions of transformation of corporate business models under the conditions of sanctions are formulated.
{"title":"MOBILIZATION ECONOMY AS A TECHNOLOGY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF TOTAL SANCTIONS","authors":"Yu.B. Vinslav","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-4-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-4-29","url":null,"abstract":"The institutional and managerial features of the world practice of economic sanctions are characterized. The classification of economic sanctions is proposed, as well as the directions of strategic analysis in this area. The features of the application of foreign sanctions to the Russian economy are considered. The content of anti-crisis measures planned to stabilize the Russian economy under sanctions is outlined. The expediency of using the mobilization economic model as a technology of public administration in special conditions is substantiated. The author’s systematization of the state’s actions on the introduction of the mobilization regime is given. The directions of economic transformation in the context of overcoming the crisis are characterized. The features of the management of the industrial sphere at various stages of the use of the mobilization regime are considered. The directions of transformation of corporate business models under the conditions of sanctions are formulated.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121531513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-114-128
H. Valiullin, Liubov’ A. Shiryaeva
The paper is devoted to some methodological aspects of interdisciplinary analysis of Projects for Complementary Currencies (CC-Projects) have been sometime realized both in domestic and foreign economic practice. The analysis is focused mostly on the revealing both of the CC-projects’ basic characteristics and conditions necessary for the effective CCs emission and their circulation. An emphasis is also paid to sampling of possible methodological approaches to an elaboration of successful projects and relevant payment systems. Among the main missions carried out by the projects (especially based on the local currencies, LCs) the authors have highlighted the revival of the local economies, mitigation or even complete absorption of external shocks (due to the countercyclical nature of the action of complementary currency acting as a buffer, countercyclical buffer) and, in addition, the supporting of social trust. It might be suggested that in some sense CCs are focused on turning the target territories for them into reliable islands of socio-economic stability. The paper contains its authors’ effort to reveal why some observed projects with a multifunctional load relevant to them do not always manage to serve as an effective tool for strengthening market relations on the ground. This is one of the important components of the undertaken empirical analysis of different CCs which one time were implemented in various areas of many countries of the world.
{"title":"ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE COMPLEMENTARY CURRENCIES PROJECT ANALYSIS","authors":"H. Valiullin, Liubov’ A. Shiryaeva","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-114-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-114-128","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to some methodological aspects of interdisciplinary analysis of Projects for Complementary Currencies (CC-Projects) have been sometime realized both in domestic and foreign economic practice. The analysis is focused mostly on the revealing both of the CC-projects’ basic characteristics and conditions necessary for the effective CCs emission and their circulation. An emphasis is also paid to sampling of possible methodological approaches to an elaboration of successful projects and relevant payment systems. Among the main missions carried out by the projects (especially based on the local currencies, LCs) the authors have highlighted the revival of the local economies, mitigation or even complete absorption of external shocks (due to the countercyclical nature of the action of complementary currency acting as a buffer, countercyclical buffer) and, in addition, the supporting of social trust. It might be suggested that in some sense CCs are focused on turning the target territories for them into reliable islands of socio-economic stability. The paper contains its authors’ effort to reveal why some observed projects with a multifunctional load relevant to them do not always manage to serve as an effective tool for strengthening market relations on the ground. This is one of the important components of the undertaken empirical analysis of different CCs which one time were implemented in various areas of many countries of the world.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131703884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-93-113.
V. Bobkov, E. Odintsova, I. Shichkin
The article presents the results of a research aimed at identifying the level of proficiency in the use of ICT tools (ICT skill levels) among employed and unemployed and also generational groups (youth, middle and older generation), as well as identifying the quality of employment and income depending on the level of ICT skills of employed and their generational groups. The author’s classification of the ICT skills levels is presented and, on its basis, a quantitative identification of the ICT skills levels among the employed and unemployed is carried out. It was found that among the employed, 40.5% have the ICT skills required for work, including 1.8% are distinguished by the presence of specialized skills corresponding to the third (highest) level, the remaining 59.5% have basic ICT skills. Among the unemployed, compared to the employed, the share of those with only basic ICT skills not related to professional activity (75.1%) is significantly higher, while the share of those with the third (highest) (0.9%) and second (24.0%) the level of ICT skills, on the contrary, is lower relative to the employed. Generational differences in the levels of ICT skills among employed and unemployed were revealed. Among the youth, the proportion of those who possess the highest ICT skills and have realized their labor potential is higher than for the employed as a whole and their other generational groups. Estimates of the distribution of employed and their generational groups according to the level of income from the main employment, determined on the basis of original system of social standards, depending on the level of ICT skills, are obtained. As a result of the research, it was revealed that a higher level of ICT skills increases the chances of realizing the existing labour potential. Meanwhile, as higher the level of ICT skills, the greater chances of “converting” them into higher incomes due to employment. It is shown that implementation of labour potential in the labour market with a higher level of ICT skills determines lower risks of reducing the quality of employment, and also increases the chances for employed people to ensure higher standards of material prosperity in their households.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS IN THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT: GENERATIONAL DIFFERENTIATION","authors":"V. Bobkov, E. Odintsova, I. Shichkin","doi":"10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-93-113.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-93-113.","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a research aimed at identifying the level of proficiency in the use of ICT tools (ICT skill levels) among employed and unemployed and also generational groups (youth, middle and older generation), as well as identifying the quality of employment and income depending on the level of ICT skills of employed and their generational groups. The author’s classification of the ICT skills levels is presented and, on its basis, a quantitative identification of the ICT skills levels among the employed and unemployed is carried out. It was found that among the employed, 40.5% have the ICT skills required for work, including 1.8% are distinguished by the presence of specialized skills corresponding to the third (highest) level, the remaining 59.5% have basic ICT skills. Among the unemployed, compared to the employed, the share of those with only basic ICT skills not related to professional activity (75.1%) is significantly higher, while the share of those with the third (highest) (0.9%) and second (24.0%) the level of ICT skills, on the contrary, is lower relative to the employed. Generational differences in the levels of ICT skills among employed and unemployed were revealed. Among the youth, the proportion of those who possess the highest ICT skills and have realized their labor potential is higher than for the employed as a whole and their other generational groups. Estimates of the distribution of employed and their generational groups according to the level of income from the main employment, determined on the basis of original system of social standards, depending on the level of ICT skills, are obtained. As a result of the research, it was revealed that a higher level of ICT skills increases the chances of realizing the existing labour potential. Meanwhile, as higher the level of ICT skills, the greater chances of “converting” them into higher incomes due to employment. It is shown that implementation of labour potential in the labour market with a higher level of ICT skills determines lower risks of reducing the quality of employment, and also increases the chances for employed people to ensure higher standards of material prosperity in their households.","PeriodicalId":415958,"journal":{"name":"Russian Economic Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133397979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.33983/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-4-48-61
K. S. Denisenko
Europe is the second largest chemicals producer in the world, yield only to the Asian region, where China is the undisputed leading country. The chemical industry is of great importance for both countries and it determines the structure of their economies. In turn, Brexit significantly affected the current dynamics and state of bilateral relations. Fairly long, stable trade and economic relations with Great Britain were of great importance for German business that did not hide its interest in adopting the agreement, which exclude rigorous trade tariffs and barriers. Being the largest EU economy with a clear export orientation, Germany was not ready to lose a huge export market. That is why Germany has made a significant contribution to negotiation process regulating the UK’s exit from the EU and put an effort to reach the consensus among parties concerned. Managing the UK’s departure from the European Union was not an exception from such ambitious program of six-month Germany’s Presidency of the Council of the EU (July–December 2020). Despite the fact that the Agreement on the UK’s withdrawal from the Eropean Union, which formally ended the state’s membership in the EU, had been adopted, a qualitatively new document was required. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) was adopted, which determines a new framework for relations between the EU and the UK. The TCA significantly determines the entire spectrum of cooperation areas and includes the new interplay in the chemical industry, including the implementation of REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) regulation. This article focuses on current state of German-UK economic ties and illustrates the role of chemical industry in the economies of both countries as well as points out the countries’ performance in the global industry.
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