Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4208
Emmanuel Momolu Pope, W. Opile, L. Ngode, E. Chepkoech
Drought stress is a major problem in upland rice grown areas under rainfed conditions. It affects plant growth and development, and eventually leads to a considerable yield reduction. The study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drought stress duration on the growth characteristics and yield components of upland rice varieties. The experiment was conducted at the University of Eldoret with Sixteen upland commercial and local rice varieties were used in the study obtained from Kenya and Liberia. Rice plants were subjected to drought stress treatments at tillering and flowering stages in the green house. The experiment was layout in a complete randomized design (CRD) in a split plot arrangement with five treatments and replicated three times. The results of leaf rolling, plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle number, spikelet sterility, biological yield, leaf relative water content,1000-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield revealed that there were significant differences as a result of water stress on the treatments (p≤0.001) and rice varieties (p≤0.05). All the sixteen varieties were significantly affected by the treatments when compared with the control. The results also revealed that MWUR, Dourado, L-22, Komboka, Jaowo, LAC-23, Kpatawee, MWUR, White rice and Red Youmo varieties were significantly affected by the water stress treatments at leaf rolling, flowering and maturity then that of NERICA 1,2 ,3, 4, 10,11 and 14 at tillering and flowering stages. The findings of this study indicated that NERICA 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 varieties were less affected by soil water stress treatments amongst the tested varieties, followed by NERICA 11 and14 respectively. Thus, NERICA varieties had the best performance in most of the parameters that were measured. Therefore, these varieties can thus be used by breeders to develop varieties adapted to areas with limited rain fall and insufficient soil moisture for rice production.
{"title":"Effect of Water Stress Duration on the Growth Characteristics and Yield Components of Upland Rice Varieties in Kenya","authors":"Emmanuel Momolu Pope, W. Opile, L. Ngode, E. Chepkoech","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4208","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is a major problem in upland rice grown areas under rainfed conditions. It affects plant growth and development, and eventually leads to a considerable yield reduction. The study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drought stress duration on the growth characteristics and yield components of upland rice varieties. The experiment was conducted at the University of Eldoret with Sixteen upland commercial and local rice varieties were used in the study obtained from Kenya and Liberia. Rice plants were subjected to drought stress treatments at tillering and flowering stages in the green house. The experiment was layout in a complete randomized design (CRD) in a split plot arrangement with five treatments and replicated three times. The results of leaf rolling, plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle number, spikelet sterility, biological yield, leaf relative water content,1000-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield revealed that there were significant differences as a result of water stress on the treatments (p≤0.001) and rice varieties (p≤0.05). All the sixteen varieties were significantly affected by the treatments when compared with the control. The results also revealed that MWUR, Dourado, L-22, Komboka, Jaowo, LAC-23, Kpatawee, MWUR, White rice and Red Youmo varieties were significantly affected by the water stress treatments at leaf rolling, flowering and maturity then that of NERICA 1,2 ,3, 4, 10,11 and 14 at tillering and flowering stages. The findings of this study indicated that NERICA 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 varieties were less affected by soil water stress treatments amongst the tested varieties, followed by NERICA 11 and14 respectively. Thus, NERICA varieties had the best performance in most of the parameters that were measured. Therefore, these varieties can thus be used by breeders to develop varieties adapted to areas with limited rain fall and insufficient soil moisture for rice production.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122939200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4209
A. Ali, A. Ali, W. Hamd-Alla
A field trials was carried out at Shandaweel Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons to study the influence of intercropping sugar beet with fahl berseem using three different nitrogen fertilization rates on yield, its components, and economic returns. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a split-plot arrangement of three replicates. Three nitrogen fertilizer levels (165, 190, and 215 kg N/ha) were assigned to the main plots. while the sub-plots were allocated to five intercropping systems 100% sugar beet + three seeding rates of fahl berseem (15, 25, and 35% of its recommended rate of 48 kg/ha), sole sugar beet, and sole fahl berseem. The results revealed that most of the values of sugar beet traits significantly (P<0.05) decreased by increasing the percentage of fahl berseem seeding rates. whereas, a reverse trend was found in increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels. All traits of fahl berseem significantly (P<0.05) increased by increasing the percentage of fahl berseem seeding rates when intercropped with sugar beet and increasing nitrogen fertilizer level. The intercropping system IS3 (100% sugar beet + 35% fahl berseem) and fertilized plants with 165 kg N/ha recorded the highest land equivalent ratio (1.30). On the other hand, the intercropping systems IS1 (100% sugar beet + 15% fahl berseem) and 165 kg N/ha recorded the lowest land equivalent ratio (1.20). Fahl berseem was the dominant crop, whereas sugar beet was the dominated. The highest gross returns (3398 US$/ha) resulted from intercropping system IS3 (100% sugar beet + 35% fahl berseem) and 215 Kg N/ha. The lowest gross returns (2953 US$/ha) were obtained from intercropping systems IS1 (100% sugar beet + 15% fahl berseem) with 165 kg N/ha as average in both seasons. Hence it, to achieve higher gross returns preferred use intercropping system of 35% fahl berseem and 100% sugar beet with application of 215 Kg N/ha.
本研究于2020/2021和2021/2022年在埃及Sohag省农业研究中心shanaweel研究站进行了田间试验，研究了3种不同施氮量对甜菜间作产量、产量组成和经济效益的影响。试验采用完全随机区组设计，采用3个重复的分块法。施用3个氮肥水平(165、190和215 kg N/ hm2)。子田分为5种间作制度，100%甜菜+三种播种率，分别为甜菜推荐播种率的15%、25%和35%(48公斤/公顷)、单甜菜和单甜菜。结果表明，随着播苗率的增加，甜菜的大部分性状值显著(P<0.05)降低。而氮肥施量的增加则呈现相反的趋势。间作甜菜和增加氮肥施用量和增加黑麦的播率显著提高了黑麦的各项性状(P<0.05)。IS3(100%甜菜+ 35%甜菜碱)间作系统与施肥165 kg N/ha的植株的土地当量比最高(1.30)。另一方面，IS1(100%甜菜+ 15%甜菜碱)和165 kg N/ha的间作系统的土地当量比最低(1.20)。甜菜是主要作物，而甜菜是主要作物。最高的总收益(3398美元/公顷)来自于间作系统IS3(100%甜菜+ 35%小麦)和215公斤氮肥/公顷。两个季节平均氮量为165公斤/公顷的间作系统IS1(100%甜菜+ 15%甜菜)的总收益最低(2953美元/公顷)。因此，为了获得更高的总收益，最好采用35%的甜菜和100%的甜菜间作制度，施用215公斤氮/公顷。
{"title":"Sugar Beet Productivity Response to Intercropping System and Nitrogen Fertilizer","authors":"A. Ali, A. Ali, W. Hamd-Alla","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4209","url":null,"abstract":"A field trials was carried out at Shandaweel Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons to study the influence of intercropping sugar beet with fahl berseem using three different nitrogen fertilization rates on yield, its components, and economic returns. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a split-plot arrangement of three replicates. Three nitrogen fertilizer levels (165, 190, and 215 kg N/ha) were assigned to the main plots. while the sub-plots were allocated to five intercropping systems 100% sugar beet + three seeding rates of fahl berseem (15, 25, and 35% of its recommended rate of 48 kg/ha), sole sugar beet, and sole fahl berseem. The results revealed that most of the values of sugar beet traits significantly (P<0.05) decreased by increasing the percentage of fahl berseem seeding rates. whereas, a reverse trend was found in increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels. All traits of fahl berseem significantly (P<0.05) increased by increasing the percentage of fahl berseem seeding rates when intercropped with sugar beet and increasing nitrogen fertilizer level. The intercropping system IS3 (100% sugar beet + 35% fahl berseem) and fertilized plants with 165 kg N/ha recorded the highest land equivalent ratio (1.30). On the other hand, the intercropping systems IS1 (100% sugar beet + 15% fahl berseem) and 165 kg N/ha recorded the lowest land equivalent ratio (1.20). Fahl berseem was the dominant crop, whereas sugar beet was the dominated. The highest gross returns (3398 US$/ha) resulted from intercropping system IS3 (100% sugar beet + 35% fahl berseem) and 215 Kg N/ha. The lowest gross returns (2953 US$/ha) were obtained from intercropping systems IS1 (100% sugar beet + 15% fahl berseem) with 165 kg N/ha as average in both seasons. Hence it, to achieve higher gross returns preferred use intercropping system of 35% fahl berseem and 100% sugar beet with application of 215 Kg N/ha.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121323410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4206
Aaron Chimbelya Siyunda, Emmanuel Chikalipa, V. Ramtekey, N. Mbuma, M. Mwala, Natasha Muchemwa Mwila, Tesfaya Mitika Regassa, Dyness Nshimbi
The modern world agricultural sector has come under severe attack from several factors. These factors range from biotic to abiotic factors and they present threats to the environment and the world economies at large. If agricultural production is made more sustainable, it can be able to combat the current food shortages. Looking into the present scenario, there is a great need to improve the traditional breeding designing methods to develop genotypes of different crops that would be able to withstand the current adverse effects brought about by persistent climate change. Central to the basis and key factor of improving the designing methods in crop production are different digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), Geographical Information System (GIS), Precision Agriculture (PA), and Remote Sensing (RS). The digitalization of traditional breeding strategies has its weaknesses in terms of genetic gains it could offer in improving crop production. However, improving digital technologies would result in improved designing methods of crop production that would consequently result in increasing agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the current review highlights the gains that have been made especially by AI and ML in designing methods of crop production. In addition, the review also highlights the limitations of these digital tools and their potential in crop designing methods for future crop genetic gains and production as well.
{"title":"Digital Technologies in Crop Genotype Designing Methods: Scope, Limitations and Future Perspectives","authors":"Aaron Chimbelya Siyunda, Emmanuel Chikalipa, V. Ramtekey, N. Mbuma, M. Mwala, Natasha Muchemwa Mwila, Tesfaya Mitika Regassa, Dyness Nshimbi","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4206","url":null,"abstract":"The modern world agricultural sector has come under severe attack from several factors. These factors range from biotic to abiotic factors and they present threats to the environment and the world economies at large. If agricultural production is made more sustainable, it can be able to combat the current food shortages. Looking into the present scenario, there is a great need to improve the traditional breeding designing methods to develop genotypes of different crops that would be able to withstand the current adverse effects brought about by persistent climate change. Central to the basis and key factor of improving the designing methods in crop production are different digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), Geographical Information System (GIS), Precision Agriculture (PA), and Remote Sensing (RS). The digitalization of traditional breeding strategies has its weaknesses in terms of genetic gains it could offer in improving crop production. However, improving digital technologies would result in improved designing methods of crop production that would consequently result in increasing agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the current review highlights the gains that have been made especially by AI and ML in designing methods of crop production. In addition, the review also highlights the limitations of these digital tools and their potential in crop designing methods for future crop genetic gains and production as well.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121869970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4205
A. D. Lanki, A. Onwu, R. Mbashak, D. Irande
As organic farming gains popularity worldwide, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of using poultry manure as an organic fertilizer source. This study aimed to assess the comparative performance of tomato cultivation under organic and conventional farming practices, with a specific focus on the effects of varying rates of poultry manure applications. The research was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of College of Agriculture Science and Technology Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. This was conducted during the 2021 cropping season (April - June) with four levels of poultry manure. Three (3) application rate of poultry manure (5.0 tha-1, 8.0 tha-1, and 11 tha-1) was used to compare with the control/check with no application of poultry manure, all replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of different rates of poultry manure application on tomato growth and yield potentials. After a thorough evaluation of the experimental plots, it was found that the treatment with 11tha-1 of poultry manure demonstrated superior performance compared to the other treatment levels. The tomatoes grown with this application rate exhibited significantly higher yields and improved plant vigor, as confirmed by the recorded data. The study's findings provide valuable insights for local farmers, as this research supports the use of 11 tha-1 poultry manure application as an effective strategy to enhance tomato cultivation and maximize yield potential. The necessity of conducting this research arises from the need to optimize tomato cultivation practices and address the growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly farming methods. The study also provides evidence that the application of 11 tha-1 poultry manure significantly improves tomato cultivation outcomes. The results obtained underline the relevance of optimizing nutrient management practices in organic and conventional farming systems, fostering enhanced yield potential, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices for future food security.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivation Through Organic and Conventional Farming","authors":"A. D. Lanki, A. Onwu, R. Mbashak, D. Irande","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4205","url":null,"abstract":"As organic farming gains popularity worldwide, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of using poultry manure as an organic fertilizer source. This study aimed to assess the comparative performance of tomato cultivation under organic and conventional farming practices, with a specific focus on the effects of varying rates of poultry manure applications. The research was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of College of Agriculture Science and Technology Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. This was conducted during the 2021 cropping season (April - June) with four levels of poultry manure. Three (3) application rate of poultry manure (5.0 tha-1, 8.0 tha-1, and 11 tha-1) was used to compare with the control/check with no application of poultry manure, all replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of different rates of poultry manure application on tomato growth and yield potentials. After a thorough evaluation of the experimental plots, it was found that the treatment with 11tha-1 of poultry manure demonstrated superior performance compared to the other treatment levels. The tomatoes grown with this application rate exhibited significantly higher yields and improved plant vigor, as confirmed by the recorded data. The study's findings provide valuable insights for local farmers, as this research supports the use of 11 tha-1 poultry manure application as an effective strategy to enhance tomato cultivation and maximize yield potential. The necessity of conducting this research arises from the need to optimize tomato cultivation practices and address the growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly farming methods. The study also provides evidence that the application of 11 tha-1 poultry manure significantly improves tomato cultivation outcomes. The results obtained underline the relevance of optimizing nutrient management practices in organic and conventional farming systems, fostering enhanced yield potential, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices for future food security.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134335717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4203
B. D. Khasabulli, M. D. Mutisya, S. P. Anyango, B. O. Manono, D. Odhiambo
Soil microbes are involved in many important ecosystem processes including nutrient acquisition, biogeochemical cycling and soil aggregation. Soil microbial diversity affects the soil belowground dynamics and fate of carbon and nutrients. Soil microbes are important for agricultural and plant production systems, hence understanding the effects of agroforestry systems on the soil microbes, is necessary in order to improve on soil health and fertility. The objective of the study was to determine the soil microbial biomass, microbial populations and microbial diversity in maize-banana based agroforestry system. The study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization farm in Kisii County. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with maize and banana intercropped with agroforestry trees. The treatments were; Maize, banana (MMBB), Maize-banana, Calliandra (MBCC), Maize (MM), banana (BB), Maize-banana, Leucaena (MBLL), Maize-banana, Sesbania (MBSS) and Maize, fertilizer (MMF). Soil samples were collected from the agroforestry fields using a soil auger. Soil microbial biomass was measured using the chloroform fumigation extraction. Fungi and bacteria were enumerated by serial dilution plate method.Shannon diversity index (H’) and Simpson diversity index (1 - D) were used for the calculation of species diversity. SAS (version 9) statistical software was used for analysis. The treatments with agroforestry tree species had significantly higher soil microbial biomass (MBSS-86.33, MBCC-52.66 and MBLL- 47.0MgC/Kg) populations of bacteria (MBSS-197, MBCC-128.0 and MBLL-111.25x108cfu g-1soil) and fungi (MBSS-50.83, MBCC-29.167 and MBLL-14.0x105cfu g-1 soil) and diversity of bacteria (MBSS- (H' =1.61, D = 1), MBCC- (H' =1.04, D = 0.83), MBLL (H' = 0.52, D = 0.5) and fungi MBSS (H' =1.39, D = 1) MBCC (H' =1.04, D= 0.83), MBLL (H' =1.56, D = 0.93). MBSS increased microbial biomass, microbial populations and microbial diversity significantly an indication of improved soil health and hence recommended for adoption by farmers.
{"title":"Soil Microbial Biomass, Microbial Population and Diversity in Maize-Banana Based Agroforestry System in Kisii County, Kenya","authors":"B. D. Khasabulli, M. D. Mutisya, S. P. Anyango, B. O. Manono, D. Odhiambo","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4203","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microbes are involved in many important ecosystem processes including nutrient acquisition, biogeochemical cycling and soil aggregation. Soil microbial diversity affects the soil belowground dynamics and fate of carbon and nutrients. Soil microbes are important for agricultural and plant production systems, hence understanding the effects of agroforestry systems on the soil microbes, is necessary in order to improve on soil health and fertility. The objective of the study was to determine the soil microbial biomass, microbial populations and microbial diversity in maize-banana based agroforestry system. The study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization farm in Kisii County. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with maize and banana intercropped with agroforestry trees. The treatments were; Maize, banana (MMBB), Maize-banana, Calliandra (MBCC), Maize (MM), banana (BB), Maize-banana, Leucaena (MBLL), Maize-banana, Sesbania (MBSS) and Maize, fertilizer (MMF). Soil samples were collected from the agroforestry fields using a soil auger. Soil microbial biomass was measured using the chloroform fumigation extraction. Fungi and bacteria were enumerated by serial dilution plate method.Shannon diversity index (H’) and Simpson diversity index (1 - D) were used for the calculation of species diversity. SAS (version 9) statistical software was used for analysis. The treatments with agroforestry tree species had significantly higher soil microbial biomass (MBSS-86.33, MBCC-52.66 and MBLL- 47.0MgC/Kg) populations of bacteria (MBSS-197, MBCC-128.0 and MBLL-111.25x108cfu g-1soil) and fungi (MBSS-50.83, MBCC-29.167 and MBLL-14.0x105cfu g-1 soil) and diversity of bacteria (MBSS- (H' =1.61, D = 1), MBCC- (H' =1.04, D = 0.83), MBLL (H' = 0.52, D = 0.5) and fungi MBSS (H' =1.39, D = 1) MBCC (H' =1.04, D= 0.83), MBLL (H' =1.56, D = 0.93). MBSS increased microbial biomass, microbial populations and microbial diversity significantly an indication of improved soil health and hence recommended for adoption by farmers.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127527398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4204
A. W. Chibuzo, Anyanele, Ijeoma Sylvalyn, E. I. Sussan, Okoye Elochukwu Chidubem Sunday, Ofobeze Tochukwu Nosike, Shalom Tonna Ubaezuonu
Tridax procumbens and Ageratum conyzoides are two plant species commonly found in tropical regions and have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Field surveys were conducted in selected sites across Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria to assess the distribution and abundance of the two species. Data on soil moisture, light intensity, temperature, and altitude were also collected to determine the ecological factors that influence their growth and distribution. Phytochemically, the main constituents present in these plants using various techniques including chromatography and spectroscopy were isolated and identified. Results showed that the two plants have different ecological niches and exhibit varying levels of phytochemical diversity. Both plants were found to contain compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which may have potential medicinal properties. The leaves of Tridax procumbens and Ageratum conizoides were used for this study, and it was evaluated and compared for total saponin, total flavonoids and other secondary metabolites using standard procedures. The study of two different samples from the two plant species revealed the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid. The dried sample of Tridax gave a higher composition of saponin (1.85±0.03 mg/100g), flavonoids (1.34±0.03 mg/100g), tannin (2.51±0.02 mg/100g), alkaloids (1.49±0.02 mg/100g) and steroid (0.26±0.02 mg/100g), while the dry sample of Ageratum gave a composition of (1.68±0.03 mg/100g) of total saponins, (1.95±0.03 mg/100g) of total flavonoids, (0.06±0.02 mg/100g) of total phenol, (2.14±0.02 mg/100g) of alkaloids, (0.26±0.02 mg/100g) of total Terpenoid. There is significant difference between the phytochemicals seen in the two samples. Thus, this reveals that Tridax plant has more tannin which is used medicinally to lower total cholesterol and lower blood pressure, while Ageratum plant contains more saponins which is used medicinally to decrease blood lipids and lower cancer risks.
{"title":"Ecological Studies of Tridax procumbens (Linn) and Ageratum conyzoides (Linn) and the comparative Studies of Their Phytochemical","authors":"A. W. Chibuzo, Anyanele, Ijeoma Sylvalyn, E. I. Sussan, Okoye Elochukwu Chidubem Sunday, Ofobeze Tochukwu Nosike, Shalom Tonna Ubaezuonu","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4204","url":null,"abstract":"Tridax procumbens and Ageratum conyzoides are two plant species commonly found in tropical regions and have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Field surveys were conducted in selected sites across Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria to assess the distribution and abundance of the two species. Data on soil moisture, light intensity, temperature, and altitude were also collected to determine the ecological factors that influence their growth and distribution. Phytochemically, the main constituents present in these plants using various techniques including chromatography and spectroscopy were isolated and identified. Results showed that the two plants have different ecological niches and exhibit varying levels of phytochemical diversity. Both plants were found to contain compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which may have potential medicinal properties. The leaves of Tridax procumbens and Ageratum conizoides were used for this study, and it was evaluated and compared for total saponin, total flavonoids and other secondary metabolites using standard procedures. The study of two different samples from the two plant species revealed the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid. The dried sample of Tridax gave a higher composition of saponin (1.85±0.03 mg/100g), flavonoids (1.34±0.03 mg/100g), tannin (2.51±0.02 mg/100g), alkaloids (1.49±0.02 mg/100g) and steroid (0.26±0.02 mg/100g), while the dry sample of Ageratum gave a composition of (1.68±0.03 mg/100g) of total saponins, (1.95±0.03 mg/100g) of total flavonoids, (0.06±0.02 mg/100g) of total phenol, (2.14±0.02 mg/100g) of alkaloids, (0.26±0.02 mg/100g) of total Terpenoid. There is significant difference between the phytochemicals seen in the two samples. Thus, this reveals that Tridax plant has more tannin which is used medicinally to lower total cholesterol and lower blood pressure, while Ageratum plant contains more saponins which is used medicinally to decrease blood lipids and lower cancer risks.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4202
Peifang Cai
Yams are increasingly recognized for their good health benefits as people increasingly focus on healthy eating and wholesome eating. However, the high cost of yam cultivation and harvesting, as well as the limited level of mechanization, severely restricted the development of the industry. For this deep rhizomatous, brittle, and breakable yam crop, mechanized harvesting is prone to breakage, skin breakage, and low damage rates to the intact crop. In this paper, we have analyzed the characteristics of yam, the current situation of the yam economy in China, the development of mechanized techniques for yam harvesting at home and abroad, and the constraints. In addition, the development of casing yam cultivation techniques and mechanization of harvest is also promising. It mainly introduced plowshare furrow openers, disc furrow openers, spiral furrow openers and chain furrow openers, double-row chain yam planting and harvesting machines, spiral yam harvesting and planting machines, fully hydraulically suspended single-row yam harvesters and vibrating yam harvesters.
{"title":"Agronomic Techniques and Mechanized Harvesting Techniques for Yams Status and Countermeasures","authors":"Peifang Cai","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4202","url":null,"abstract":"Yams are increasingly recognized for their good health benefits as people increasingly focus on healthy eating and wholesome eating. However, the high cost of yam cultivation and harvesting, as well as the limited level of mechanization, severely restricted the development of the industry. For this deep rhizomatous, brittle, and breakable yam crop, mechanized harvesting is prone to breakage, skin breakage, and low damage rates to the intact crop. In this paper, we have analyzed the characteristics of yam, the current situation of the yam economy in China, the development of mechanized techniques for yam harvesting at home and abroad, and the constraints. In addition, the development of casing yam cultivation techniques and mechanization of harvest is also promising. It mainly introduced plowshare furrow openers, disc furrow openers, spiral furrow openers and chain furrow openers, double-row chain yam planting and harvesting machines, spiral yam harvesting and planting machines, fully hydraulically suspended single-row yam harvesters and vibrating yam harvesters.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4200
Mohammad Faizan Husain, D. Singh, Suhel Eraqui
Cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana L. is an annual growing fruit crop belonging to the family Solanaceae. It is cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical region of the world. Cape gooseberry is herbaceous or soft wooded plant usually reaches 2-3 feet height. Cape gooseberry is cultivated in different types of soils but sandy loam soil is preferred for getting higher production. The fruit of cap gooseberry have better aroma with1.8% protein, 0.2% fat, 11.5 % carbohydrate, 10 mg calcium, 60 mg phosphorous, 18 mg iron, 49 mg ascorbic acid, 2380 IU vitamin A and 0.9% pectin. Due to the good amount of pectin present in cap gooseberry its value added product Jam is made of very good quality.
{"title":"Cape Goose Berry: A New Cash Crop in India","authors":"Mohammad Faizan Husain, D. Singh, Suhel Eraqui","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4200","url":null,"abstract":"Cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana L. is an annual growing fruit crop belonging to the family Solanaceae. It is cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical region of the world. Cape gooseberry is herbaceous or soft wooded plant usually reaches 2-3 feet height. Cape gooseberry is cultivated in different types of soils but sandy loam soil is preferred for getting higher production. The fruit of cap gooseberry have better aroma with1.8% protein, 0.2% fat, 11.5 % carbohydrate, 10 mg calcium, 60 mg phosphorous, 18 mg iron, 49 mg ascorbic acid, 2380 IU vitamin A and 0.9% pectin. Due to the good amount of pectin present in cap gooseberry its value added product Jam is made of very good quality.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129664053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4201
Suhel Eraqui, Mohammad Faizan Husain
Isabgol is a short-stemmed annual herb that grows up to 40 cm tall. A large number of flowering shoots emerge from the plant's base. The word isabgol derives from the Persian words "isap" and "ghol," which mean horse ear and describe the shape of the seed. Psyllium, which derives from the Greek word for a flea, refers to the size, shape, and whitish color of the seed, which is the most commercially important part of this plant. The seeds are encased in capsules that open when they reach maturity. The husk of the seed is thin, boat-shaped, white, translucent, odourless, and has a mucilaginous taste. The root system is well developed, with a well-developed tap root and a few fibrous secondary roots. Isabgol is widely grown in many parts of the world. It is native to the Mediterranean region and West Asia, reaching as far north as Sutlej and Sindh in Pakistan. It is also found in the Canary Islands, Southern Spain, North Africa, the Middle East, and North-Western Asia. It has been introduced and cultivated in North Gujarat, as well as adjoining parts of Western Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India. However, the crop is spreading in previously unexplored areas of the country such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka.
{"title":"Isabgol: Package Practices for Cultivation","authors":"Suhel Eraqui, Mohammad Faizan Husain","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4201","url":null,"abstract":"Isabgol is a short-stemmed annual herb that grows up to 40 cm tall. A large number of flowering shoots emerge from the plant's base. The word isabgol derives from the Persian words \"isap\" and \"ghol,\" which mean horse ear and describe the shape of the seed. Psyllium, which derives from the Greek word for a flea, refers to the size, shape, and whitish color of the seed, which is the most commercially important part of this plant. The seeds are encased in capsules that open when they reach maturity. The husk of the seed is thin, boat-shaped, white, translucent, odourless, and has a mucilaginous taste. The root system is well developed, with a well-developed tap root and a few fibrous secondary roots. Isabgol is widely grown in many parts of the world. It is native to the Mediterranean region and West Asia, reaching as far north as Sutlej and Sindh in Pakistan. It is also found in the Canary Islands, Southern Spain, North Africa, the Middle East, and North-Western Asia. It has been introduced and cultivated in North Gujarat, as well as adjoining parts of Western Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India. However, the crop is spreading in previously unexplored areas of the country such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka. ","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133021662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4199
Temesgen Abo Ertiro, G. Kebede, K. Assen, Gebeyaw Achenef Haile, Deresa Tesfaye Gutu
Faba bean is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia; however its productivity is low due to lack of biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant varieties. The presence of genetic variability in the germplasm is important for the improvement of yield and other traits. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the extent of genetic variability and association for yield and yield related traits among existing faba bean genotypes. Fiftyfour genotypes were evaluated at two locations (Kulumsaand Asasa) using 9 x 6 alpha lattice design with two replications in 2022/23. The combined/pooled/ analysis of variance revealed that highly significant at (P≤0.01) and significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed among genotypes for all the traits. The phenotypic variance were higher than the genotypic variance of the traits, implies that the influence of the environment on the expression of traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 1.89% for days to maturity to 16.14% for thousand seed weight and the phenotypic coefficient of variance value ranged from 2.49% for days to maturity to 17% for thousand seed weight. High estimate of heritability were recorded from days to 50% flowering, rust and thousand seed weight. High genetic advance were observed from thousand seeds weight and rust. Highest estimate of heritability with high genetic advance were observed from thousand seeds weight and rust. Seed yield had negative and highly significant correlation with days to maturity and rust at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, respectively. The genotypic path analysis showed that number of pod per plant exerted positive direct effect on seed yield followed by thousand seed weight, plant height and number of seeds per pod. The observed variations indicate the possibility for further improvement of grain yield and associated traits of faba bean genotypes by utilizing selected parental genotypes and targeted crossing schemes in breeding programs.
{"title":"Variability and Association of Some Morpho-agronomic Traits in Advanced Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes at Potential Areas of South Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Abo Ertiro, G. Kebede, K. Assen, Gebeyaw Achenef Haile, Deresa Tesfaye Gutu","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4199","url":null,"abstract":"Faba bean is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia; however its productivity is low due to lack of biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant varieties. The presence of genetic variability in the germplasm is important for the improvement of yield and other traits. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the extent of genetic variability and association for yield and yield related traits among existing faba bean genotypes. Fiftyfour genotypes were evaluated at two locations (Kulumsaand Asasa) using 9 x 6 alpha lattice design with two replications in 2022/23. The combined/pooled/ analysis of variance revealed that highly significant at (P≤0.01) and significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed among genotypes for all the traits. The phenotypic variance were higher than the genotypic variance of the traits, implies that the influence of the environment on the expression of traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 1.89% for days to maturity to 16.14% for thousand seed weight and the phenotypic coefficient of variance value ranged from 2.49% for days to maturity to 17% for thousand seed weight. High estimate of heritability were recorded from days to 50% flowering, rust and thousand seed weight. High genetic advance were observed from thousand seeds weight and rust. Highest estimate of heritability with high genetic advance were observed from thousand seeds weight and rust. Seed yield had negative and highly significant correlation with days to maturity and rust at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, respectively. The genotypic path analysis showed that number of pod per plant exerted positive direct effect on seed yield followed by thousand seed weight, plant height and number of seeds per pod. The observed variations indicate the possibility for further improvement of grain yield and associated traits of faba bean genotypes by utilizing selected parental genotypes and targeted crossing schemes in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128196881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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