Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4186
Tumisang Richard Molata, P. Mosebi, O. Oluremi, S. Molapo
The trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of tillage and mulch practices on growth response of maize and selected forage legumes. With three replications, the experiment was carried out using a split-plot design. Mulch and no mulch were used as the major plot treatments Mulch was maize straw left from the previous cropping season. The subplot treatments were different tillage practices namely Minimum (0.2 m) and Deep tillage (0.35 m).The research was carried out in the Foothills of Lesotho in Ha-Matela in Nazareth, east of Maseru District, during summer season for four months (December, January, February, and March). A mouldboard plough was used to prepare the experimental field, and it was harrowed to get fine tilth. The broadcasting method was used to plant the legume species namely soybean (Glycine max L), lablab (Lablab purpureus L) and grazing vetch (Vicia villosa), whereas a planter was used to sow maize seeds at a rate of two per hole, 0.25 m apart, and 0.05 m deep. For maize and the forage legumes, 12.5 kg of NPK inorganic fertilizer was applied per plot. Low moisture content and poor soil conditions under minimum tillage and no-mulch resulted in low plant growth. Maize and forage legumes plant height was significantly (P<0.05) higher under deep tillage and mulch. Vegetative characteristics in respect of leaf, stem, and root lengths were also significantly (P<0.05) higher under deep tillage and mulch. Cereal maize had a low and positive correlation relationship between its growth indices whereas; legume crops had a high correlation relationship and were significant. Therefore, maize and forage legumes may be produced under deep tillage and mulch to support improved plant growth.
本试验旨在评价不同耕作方式和不同覆盖方式对玉米和部分饲用豆科作物生长响应的影响。试验采用裂图设计，重复3次。以覆盖和不覆盖为主要小区处理，覆盖玉米秸秆为前一季剩余玉米秸秆。研究在马塞鲁区东部拿撒勒哈马泰拉地区莱索托山麓进行，研究时间为夏季4个月(12月、1月、2月和3月)。试验田采用板犁备田，并进行耙耕，得到细土。采用播种法播种豆科植物大豆(Glycine max L)、紫菜(lablab purpureus L)和放牧野豌豆(Vicia villosa)，玉米采用播种机播种，每孔2粒，间隔0.25 m，深0.05 m。玉米和饲用豆科作物氮磷钾无机肥每块12.5 kg。在少耕免盖条件下，土壤含水量低，土壤条件差，导致植株生长缓慢。深耕和覆盖显著提高了玉米和饲用豆科植物的株高(P<0.05)。深耕和复盖也显著(P<0.05)提高了叶片、茎和根的营养特性。谷类玉米各生长指标间呈低正相关关系;豆科作物具有高度相关且显著性。因此，玉米和饲草豆科作物可以在深耕和覆盖下生产，以支持改善植物生长。
{"title":"Evaluation of Tillage and Mulch Practices on the Growth of Selected Cereal and Legume Crops in the Foothills Agro-ecological Zone of Lesotho","authors":"Tumisang Richard Molata, P. Mosebi, O. Oluremi, S. Molapo","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4186","url":null,"abstract":"The trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of tillage and mulch practices on growth response of maize and selected forage legumes. With three replications, the experiment was carried out using a split-plot design. Mulch and no mulch were used as the major plot treatments Mulch was maize straw left from the previous cropping season. The subplot treatments were different tillage practices namely Minimum (0.2 m) and Deep tillage (0.35 m).The research was carried out in the Foothills of Lesotho in Ha-Matela in Nazareth, east of Maseru District, during summer season for four months (December, January, February, and March). A mouldboard plough was used to prepare the experimental field, and it was harrowed to get fine tilth. The broadcasting method was used to plant the legume species namely soybean (Glycine max L), lablab (Lablab purpureus L) and grazing vetch (Vicia villosa), whereas a planter was used to sow maize seeds at a rate of two per hole, 0.25 m apart, and 0.05 m deep. For maize and the forage legumes, 12.5 kg of NPK inorganic fertilizer was applied per plot. Low moisture content and poor soil conditions under minimum tillage and no-mulch resulted in low plant growth. Maize and forage legumes plant height was significantly (P<0.05) higher under deep tillage and mulch. Vegetative characteristics in respect of leaf, stem, and root lengths were also significantly (P<0.05) higher under deep tillage and mulch. Cereal maize had a low and positive correlation relationship between its growth indices whereas; legume crops had a high correlation relationship and were significant. Therefore, maize and forage legumes may be produced under deep tillage and mulch to support improved plant growth.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121264810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4187
F. Jimu, R. Mapuranga, W. Mubvekeri, B. Ngara, D. Kutywayo
Cotton aphids are major cotton pests causing significant yield losses of more than 65% in Zimbabwe. Field experiments to investigate the effectiveness of cowpea as a trap crop in reducing aphid pressure on cotton were conducted over three seasons 2010/11 to 2013/14 at Cotton Research Institute (CRI) in Kadoma, and Umguza in Matebeleland North, in Zimbabwe. Incidence of aphid predators on sole cotton, cotton intercropped with cowpea trap crop and the trap crop itself were also assessed. The measurements were aphid scores, aphid predator counts in both sole cotton, intercropped cotton and cowpea trap crop. Seed cotton yield was measured. Aphid scores and predator counts were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using GenStat 14th Edition software. The square root transformation [x + 3/8] was used for scores or counts not normally distributed. At CRI Cowpea trap crop significantly controlled aphids in intercropped cotton better than chemical control using Acetamiprid 20 SP (P< 0.05). Coccinellid grubs (ladybird beetle larval) populations were highest in cowpea trap crop. At Umguza poor germination of cowpea resulted in highest Coccinellid adults (ladybird beetle adults) in intercropped cotton. Yield of intercropped cotton was comparable to yield from plots where Acetamiprid 20SP was used as a standard practice. Farmers can adopt this technology of aphid control in cotton using commercial cowpea variety CBC 3 as cotton aphid trap crop.
{"title":"Effect of Cowpea Trap Crop on the Control of [Aphis gossypii (Glover)] in Zimbabwean Cotton","authors":"F. Jimu, R. Mapuranga, W. Mubvekeri, B. Ngara, D. Kutywayo","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4187","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton aphids are major cotton pests causing significant yield losses of more than 65% in Zimbabwe. Field experiments to investigate the effectiveness of cowpea as a trap crop in reducing aphid pressure on cotton were conducted over three seasons 2010/11 to 2013/14 at Cotton Research Institute (CRI) in Kadoma, and Umguza in Matebeleland North, in Zimbabwe. Incidence of aphid predators on sole cotton, cotton intercropped with cowpea trap crop and the trap crop itself were also assessed. The measurements were aphid scores, aphid predator counts in both sole cotton, intercropped cotton and cowpea trap crop. Seed cotton yield was measured. Aphid scores and predator counts were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using GenStat 14th Edition software. The square root transformation [x + 3/8] was used for scores or counts not normally distributed. At CRI Cowpea trap crop significantly controlled aphids in intercropped cotton better than chemical control using Acetamiprid 20 SP (P< 0.05). Coccinellid grubs (ladybird beetle larval) populations were highest in cowpea trap crop. At Umguza poor germination of cowpea resulted in highest Coccinellid adults (ladybird beetle adults) in intercropped cotton. Yield of intercropped cotton was comparable to yield from plots where Acetamiprid 20SP was used as a standard practice. Farmers can adopt this technology of aphid control in cotton using commercial cowpea variety CBC 3 as cotton aphid trap crop.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114488123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4188
F. Jimu, R. Mapuranga, W. Mubvekeri, D. Kutywayo
Bollworms management remains one of the major constraints to higher cotton productivity in Zimbabwe. Field trials to investigate the efficacy of Spinosad 48 SC on Diparopsis castanea (Hubner) and Herlicoverpa amigera (Hampson) were carried out for three seasons 2010/11 to 2013/14 at Cotton Research Institute, Kuwirirana, Umguza, and Chizvirizvi in Zimbabwe. A Randomised Complete Block Design with five treatments and four replications was used in this experiment. Three doses of Spinosad 48 SC 40ml/ha, 60ml/ha and 80ml/ha, were evaluated, along with Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC at 200ml/ha as the standard treatment and the untreated control. Observations on bollworms eggs, larval counts and predator counts. The square root transformation of (x + 3/8) was used for data not following normal distribution. Data were analysed using Genstat 14th Edition. All the three doses of Spinosad 48 SC (40ml/ha, 60ml/ha and 80ml/ha) controlled Diparopsis castanea (Hubner) and Herlicoverpa amigera (Hampson) at CRI, Kuwirirana, Umguza and Chizvirizvi. The highest dose of Spinosad 48 SC of 80ml/ha resulted in the highest yield of seed cotton at CRI and Kuwirirana. All the three doses of Spinosad 48 SC killed predators in the same way as the standard insecticide. Spinosad 48 SC was recommended for registration on control of the two bollworms in Zimbabwe at 80ml/ha dose.
{"title":"Efficacy of Spinosad 48SC on the Management of Cotton Bollworms Diparopsis castanea (Hubner) and Herlicoverpa amigera (Hampson) in Zimbabwe","authors":"F. Jimu, R. Mapuranga, W. Mubvekeri, D. Kutywayo","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4188","url":null,"abstract":"Bollworms management remains one of the major constraints to higher cotton productivity in Zimbabwe. Field trials to investigate the efficacy of Spinosad 48 SC on Diparopsis castanea (Hubner) and Herlicoverpa amigera (Hampson) were carried out for three seasons 2010/11 to 2013/14 at Cotton Research Institute, Kuwirirana, Umguza, and Chizvirizvi in Zimbabwe. A Randomised Complete Block Design with five treatments and four replications was used in this experiment. Three doses of Spinosad 48 SC 40ml/ha, 60ml/ha and 80ml/ha, were evaluated, along with Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC at 200ml/ha as the standard treatment and the untreated control. Observations on bollworms eggs, larval counts and predator counts. The square root transformation of (x + 3/8) was used for data not following normal distribution. Data were analysed using Genstat 14th Edition. All the three doses of Spinosad 48 SC (40ml/ha, 60ml/ha and 80ml/ha) controlled Diparopsis castanea (Hubner) and Herlicoverpa amigera (Hampson) at CRI, Kuwirirana, Umguza and Chizvirizvi. The highest dose of Spinosad 48 SC of 80ml/ha resulted in the highest yield of seed cotton at CRI and Kuwirirana. All the three doses of Spinosad 48 SC killed predators in the same way as the standard insecticide. Spinosad 48 SC was recommended for registration on control of the two bollworms in Zimbabwe at 80ml/ha dose.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4185
I. I. Sadek, A. Bakr, Fatma S. Moursy, T. Younis, E. Salem
Net greenhouse experiment was conducted through the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons at Dokki protected cultivation experimental site, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation to investigate applied two factors organic mulch i.e., (bagasse, compost, palm fibers, mushroom spent, sawdust and control), mycorrhizal inoculation (with and without) and their interaction on growth and productivity of tomato plants. The seedlings of tomato cv. Super strain B was transplanted on the 15th October 2019 and 2020. The experimental design was split plot with three replicates. Results indicated that applied compost mulch treatment, without mycorrhizal inoculation and their interaction enhanced all vegetative growth characteristics i.e., (plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights of plant). Whereas, applied compost mulch treatment, with mycorrhizal inoculation and their interaction improved chemical content of (N, P and K) in leaves and increased average fruit weight and total yield/m2.
{"title":"Effect of Organic Mulch and Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants","authors":"I. I. Sadek, A. Bakr, Fatma S. Moursy, T. Younis, E. Salem","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4185","url":null,"abstract":"Net greenhouse experiment was conducted through the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons at Dokki protected cultivation experimental site, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation to investigate applied two factors organic mulch i.e., (bagasse, compost, palm fibers, mushroom spent, sawdust and control), mycorrhizal inoculation (with and without) and their interaction on growth and productivity of tomato plants. The seedlings of tomato cv. Super strain B was transplanted on the 15th October 2019 and 2020. The experimental design was split plot with three replicates. Results indicated that applied compost mulch treatment, without mycorrhizal inoculation and their interaction enhanced all vegetative growth characteristics i.e., (plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights of plant). Whereas, applied compost mulch treatment, with mycorrhizal inoculation and their interaction improved chemical content of (N, P and K) in leaves and increased average fruit weight and total yield/m2.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"178 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114093261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4184
L. F. C. Júnior, Ruan dos Santos Nascimento, Antônio Lucas Santos Castor, Thaynara Cristine Moraes Coelho, Sérgio Cardoso Borges
Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of organic fertilizer in different concentrations under the initial development of lettuce plants. Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 5 plants for each treatment. Place and Duration of Study: The present work was carried out in the premises of the Escola Família Agrícola de Ladeirinhas 'A' - EFAL, located in the Municipality of Japoatã in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Between September 2022 - December 2022. Methodology: Daily applications of organic fertilizer were performed in lettuce plants of Cv. Repolhuda, with a volume of 200 ml per plant, in the morning and afternoon, except for days with precipitation. To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer, different concentrations 0% (control) were used. 5%, 10% and 20%. The following variables, fresh mass, number of leaves, plant height and root system length were analyzed. Results: The results obtained with the application of organic fertilizer, showed that the plants that were fertilizer showed better initial development of lettuce Repolhuda, when compared with plants that did not receive the application of fertilizer for most of the variables analyzed in this study, and the concentration of 20% presented the best result. Conclusion: The results obtained with the application of organic fertilizer, showed that the plants that were fertilized showed better initial development of lettuce.
目的:评价不同浓度有机肥对生菜生长发育初期的影响。试验设计:试验设计完全随机化，4个重复，每个处理5株。研究地点和时间:目前的工作是在Escola Família Agrícola de Ladeirinhas 'A' - EFAL的场地进行的，该场地位于巴西塞尔希佩州Japoatã市。2022年9月至2022年12月。方法:对Cv莴苣植株每日施用有机肥。芦笋，每株200毫升，上午和下午，有降水的日子除外。为评价施用有机肥的效果，采用不同浓度的0%(对照)。5%， 10%和20%。对鲜质量、叶片数、株高和根系长度进行了分析。结果:施用有机肥获得的结果表明，在本研究分析的大部分变量中，施用有机肥的植株与未施用有机肥的植株相比，莴苣的初始发育更好，其中20%的浓度效果最好。结论:施用有机肥后，生菜初生发育较好。
{"title":"Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Initial Lettuce Development","authors":"L. F. C. Júnior, Ruan dos Santos Nascimento, Antônio Lucas Santos Castor, Thaynara Cristine Moraes Coelho, Sérgio Cardoso Borges","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4184","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of organic fertilizer in different concentrations under the initial development of lettuce plants. \u0000Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 5 plants for each treatment. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The present work was carried out in the premises of the Escola Família Agrícola de Ladeirinhas 'A' - EFAL, located in the Municipality of Japoatã in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Between September 2022 - December 2022. \u0000Methodology: Daily applications of organic fertilizer were performed in lettuce plants of Cv. Repolhuda, with a volume of 200 ml per plant, in the morning and afternoon, except for days with precipitation. To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer, different concentrations 0% (control) were used. 5%, 10% and 20%. The following variables, fresh mass, number of leaves, plant height and root system length were analyzed. \u0000Results: The results obtained with the application of organic fertilizer, showed that the plants that were fertilizer showed better initial development of lettuce Repolhuda, when compared with plants that did not receive the application of fertilizer for most of the variables analyzed in this study, and the concentration of 20% presented the best result. \u0000Conclusion: The results obtained with the application of organic fertilizer, showed that the plants that were fertilized showed better initial development of lettuce.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122719154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4180
L. O. Odulate, F. Olowokere, P. W. Olugbemi, Y. A. Salako, R. Mukhtar
Soil physical properties play significant function in the yield of crop produce. Sustaining food supply of the teeming population depends on the degree of preserving soil physicalproperties, therefore enhancing soil productivity. Experiments were conducted to establish the influence of poultry and cow dung from different housing and stacking types on physical properties of soil following Telfairia occidentalis production in 2017 and 2018. Amendments were applied in both years after which data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The experiment reveals that amendments statistically increased soil porosity, moisture content, hydraulic conductivity and therefore reduced bulk density above control in both years. It is concluded that for improved soil physical properties in the study area, bagged poultry manure in palm fronds house (PPB) at 5.4 tha-1 is recommended to farmers.
{"title":"Soil Physical Properties as Influence by Poultry and Cow Dung from Different Housing and Stacking Types Following Telfairia occidentalis (Hook F.) Production","authors":"L. O. Odulate, F. Olowokere, P. W. Olugbemi, Y. A. Salako, R. Mukhtar","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4180","url":null,"abstract":"Soil physical properties play significant function in the yield of crop produce. Sustaining food supply of the teeming population depends on the degree of preserving soil physicalproperties, therefore enhancing soil productivity. Experiments were conducted to establish the influence of poultry and cow dung from different housing and stacking types on physical properties of soil following Telfairia occidentalis production in 2017 and 2018. Amendments were applied in both years after which data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The experiment reveals that amendments statistically increased soil porosity, moisture content, hydraulic conductivity and therefore reduced bulk density above control in both years. It is concluded that for improved soil physical properties in the study area, bagged poultry manure in palm fronds house (PPB) at 5.4 tha-1 is recommended to farmers.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125358369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4179
R. Reo-Ndouba, L. Aba-toumnou, Félix Allah-Barem, Augustin Doukofiona, Steve Dieudonné Mbenda, Jephté Juste Kaïne, I. Zinga, S. Semballa, Joseph Antoine Bell
Maize is a major crop feeding 80% of the population of the Central African Republic (CAF). However, the country is not yet self-sufficient in its maize need and continues to rely partially on imports. Exacerbating this situation is the recent invasive spread of the fall armyworm attributed to change in weather patterns since 2016 which has been decimating the crop leading to drastic yield losses. Various control measures continue to be tested globally for the control of FAW, including chemical control, biological control using microbial organisms and predatory insects that attack FAW, use of genetically modified crops with Bt genes, and integrated pest management. However, the use of developing genetic resistance in maize against the pest remains under-explored. We focused research on initiating a mutation breeding effort in maize in CAF. The goal of this experience is to determinate the optimal dose from radio-sensitivity test of CMS8704 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), CMS 2019 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), CMS 8501 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) and local ecotypes (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy). 200 seeds are bulk to irradiation with different doses (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy). The test of germination is carried out on 200 seeds four varieties. The treated seeds are sown at equal depths in a tray filled with soil/compost or can as well sow in natural condition on the field just to assure that the soil surface is flat, and the treated seeds are sown at equal depth containing the five treatments in rows of 200s seed each for one control and each treatment. Per assay three replicates are performed, one tray per replicate. Fourteen days after sowing, the seedling height and survival is measured to determine the Growth Reduction Value 50 or GR50. All seeds from different doses (CMS-20 19, CMS87 04 and the Local ecotype) were germinated from different doses (100Gy, 200Gy and 300Gy) and did be presented the symptom of FAW. However, for the CMS85 01, all seeds from different doses (100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy; 400Gy and 500Gy) were germinated as the control, but the major of plants are attacked by the FAW (Fall Armyworm).
{"title":"Effect of Different Doses of Irradiation on the Germination of Varieties of Maize Developing against the Fall Armyworm in the Central African Republic","authors":"R. Reo-Ndouba, L. Aba-toumnou, Félix Allah-Barem, Augustin Doukofiona, Steve Dieudonné Mbenda, Jephté Juste Kaïne, I. Zinga, S. Semballa, Joseph Antoine Bell","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4179","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is a major crop feeding 80% of the population of the Central African Republic (CAF). However, the country is not yet self-sufficient in its maize need and continues to rely partially on imports. Exacerbating this situation is the recent invasive spread of the fall armyworm attributed to change in weather patterns since 2016 which has been decimating the crop leading to drastic yield losses. Various control measures continue to be tested globally for the control of FAW, including chemical control, biological control using microbial organisms and predatory insects that attack FAW, use of genetically modified crops with Bt genes, and integrated pest management. However, the use of developing genetic resistance in maize against the pest remains under-explored. We focused research on initiating a mutation breeding effort in maize in CAF. \u0000The goal of this experience is to determinate the optimal dose from radio-sensitivity test of CMS8704 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), CMS 2019 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), CMS 8501 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) and local ecotypes (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy). \u0000200 seeds are bulk to irradiation with different doses (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy). The test of germination is carried out on 200 seeds four varieties. The treated seeds are sown at equal depths in a tray filled with soil/compost or can as well sow in natural condition on the field just to assure that the soil surface is flat, and the treated seeds are sown at equal depth containing the five treatments in rows of 200s seed each for one control and each treatment. Per assay three replicates are performed, one tray per replicate. Fourteen days after sowing, the seedling height and survival is measured to determine the Growth Reduction Value 50 or GR50. \u0000All seeds from different doses (CMS-20 19, CMS87 04 and the Local ecotype) were germinated from different doses (100Gy, 200Gy and 300Gy) and did be presented the symptom of FAW. However, for the CMS85 01, all seeds from different doses (100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy; 400Gy and 500Gy) were germinated as the control, but the major of plants are attacked by the FAW (Fall Armyworm).","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131744339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3178
L. F. C. Júnior, Thaynara Cristine Moraes Coelho
Aims: To determine the acceptance of sweet potato chips through the application of multivariate analysis methods. Study Design: Sweet potato chips were subjected to sensory analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at Laboratory of Agriculture of the State Technical School Arlindo Ferreira dos Santos, Sertânia-PE, Brazil, During the pedagogic show held on November 23rd and 24th, 2017. Methodology: The sweet potato was minimally processed with the aid of a multiprocessor of food (Metvisa) to obtain the chips. Sensory analysis was performed according to the hedonic scale of nine points: 9 = as extremely and 1 = not extremely like. The tasters attributed notes to the appearance of the attributes, aroma, flavor and color. Results: Factorial analysis made it possible to reduce the variables for two common factors, being factor 1, the factor containing the highest original information (88.05% of the original variation was explained by this factor). Subsequently, the cluster analysis allowed the formation of three groups of tasters presenting different characteristics. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the use of multivariate analysis methods becomes important in the verification of the acceptance of new products to be submitted to the evaluation by the consumer, taking into account the differences presented in this evaluation, aiming at the commercialization of these products.
目的:应用多变量分析方法确定红薯片的接受度。研究设计:对甘薯片进行感官分析。研究地点和时间:在2017年11月23日和24日举行的教学展期间，研究在巴西sertnia - pe国家技术学校Arlindo Ferreira dos Santos农业实验室进行。方法:在食品多处理机(Metvisa)的帮助下，对甘薯进行最低限度的加工以获得薯片。感官分析是根据9分的快乐量表进行的:9 =非常喜欢，1 =不非常喜欢。品酒师将味道归因于酒的外观、香气、味道和颜色。结果:因子分析可以减少两个常见因子的变量，因子1是原始信息含量最高的因子(88.05%的原始变异被该因子解释)。随后，聚类分析允许形成三组具有不同特征的品尝者。结论:这些结果表明，在验证消费者对提交评估的新产品的接受程度时，考虑到评估中呈现的差异，以这些产品的商业化为目标，使用多变量分析方法变得重要。
{"title":"Use of Multivariate Analysis Methods in the Sensory Evaluation of Sweet Potato Chips","authors":"L. F. C. Júnior, Thaynara Cristine Moraes Coelho","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3178","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the acceptance of sweet potato chips through the application of multivariate analysis methods. \u0000Study Design: Sweet potato chips were subjected to sensory analysis. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at Laboratory of Agriculture of the State Technical School Arlindo Ferreira dos Santos, Sertânia-PE, Brazil, During the pedagogic show held on November 23rd and 24th, 2017. \u0000Methodology: The sweet potato was minimally processed with the aid of a multiprocessor of food (Metvisa) to obtain the chips. Sensory analysis was performed according to the hedonic scale of nine points: 9 = as extremely and 1 = not extremely like. The tasters attributed notes to the appearance of the attributes, aroma, flavor and color. \u0000Results: Factorial analysis made it possible to reduce the variables for two common factors, being factor 1, the factor containing the highest original information (88.05% of the original variation was explained by this factor). Subsequently, the cluster analysis allowed the formation of three groups of tasters presenting different characteristics. \u0000Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the use of multivariate analysis methods becomes important in the verification of the acceptance of new products to be submitted to the evaluation by the consumer, taking into account the differences presented in this evaluation, aiming at the commercialization of these products.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"12 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3177
A. Pokhrel, S. Manandhar, Sangharsh Raj Dangi
Aims: An unsuitable sowing time and selection of inappropriate variety were the main yield limiting factors in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) cultivation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing dates on growth and yield of pigeonpea varieties. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in spit plot design. Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was conducted at the Grain Legumes Research Program (GLRP), Khajura, Banke, Nepal in two consecutive years, 2020/21 and 2021/22. Methodology: The experiment consisted five sowing dates treatments viz., 2nd July, 17th July, 1st August, 16th August and 31st August as the main-factor and two promising varieties viz., ICPL-88039 and MA-6 as the sub-factor, with three replications. Results: Both the sowing time and variety significantly influenced all the tested growth and yield parameters of pigeonpea at one percent significance level. Early sowing (2nd July) recorded longer days to flowering and maturity and taller plants that affected the yield. Pigeonpea produced the highest (P ≤ 0.01) seed yield (1482 kg/ha), while seeded on 2nd July. Moreover, the pigeonpea sown on 2nd to 17th July produced 36% more seed yield than sown on 1st to 31st August. Similarly, a promising variety of pigeonpea MA-6 (1028 kg/ha) produced significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) seed yield compared to the variety ICPL-88039 (888 kg/ha). Conclusion: The study identified the 2nd July as the most appropriate time of sowing and the MA-6 as a high yielding variety of pigeonpea for the study area in Mid-Western Terai Region of Nepal.
{"title":"Effect of Sowing Date and Variety on Pigeonpea Production in Nepal","authors":"A. Pokhrel, S. Manandhar, Sangharsh Raj Dangi","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3177","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: An unsuitable sowing time and selection of inappropriate variety were the main yield limiting factors in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) cultivation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing dates on growth and yield of pigeonpea varieties. \u0000Study Design: The experiment was laid out in spit plot design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was conducted at the Grain Legumes Research Program (GLRP), Khajura, Banke, Nepal in two consecutive years, 2020/21 and 2021/22. \u0000Methodology: The experiment consisted five sowing dates treatments viz., 2nd July, 17th July, 1st August, 16th August and 31st August as the main-factor and two promising varieties viz., ICPL-88039 and MA-6 as the sub-factor, with three replications. \u0000Results: Both the sowing time and variety significantly influenced all the tested growth and yield parameters of pigeonpea at one percent significance level. Early sowing (2nd July) recorded longer days to flowering and maturity and taller plants that affected the yield. Pigeonpea produced the highest (P ≤ 0.01) seed yield (1482 kg/ha), while seeded on 2nd July. Moreover, the pigeonpea sown on 2nd to 17th July produced 36% more seed yield than sown on 1st to 31st August. Similarly, a promising variety of pigeonpea MA-6 (1028 kg/ha) produced significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) seed yield compared to the variety ICPL-88039 (888 kg/ha). \u0000Conclusion: The study identified the 2nd July as the most appropriate time of sowing and the MA-6 as a high yielding variety of pigeonpea for the study area in Mid-Western Terai Region of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129764633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3176
Aims: Because of the problems in agroecosystems following the anarchic use of synthetic insecticides, studies propose an alternative, the use of botanical biopesticides against pests. Study Design: The present study was conducted to evaluate (1) the potential of leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Gentianales: Apocynaceae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae) against insects and (2) impact of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) seed yield in North Cameroon. Place and Duration of Study: A field study was set up in 2021 in North Cameroon, during the rainy season. Fourthy four plots of 4x3.5 m each were distributed according to a randomized complete block design model comprising four untreated, four treated using parastar (40EC 535/10/IN, 20 g/l imidaclopride and 20 g/l lamda-cyhalothrine), and 36 plots treated using 10%, 20% and 30% aqueous leaf extracts separately sprayed against Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methodology: Four groups of flowers were randomly selected: (1) free, (2) protected from insects, (3) free exclusively to Ap. mellifera and (4) protected against insects. Results: A total of 10,984 captured flower insects belonged to three orders (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera), three families (Aphididae, Apidae and Nymphalidae) and seven species [one (14.3%) sap-sucking Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), four (57.1%) pollinators Hymenoptera Apidae [Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp., Apis mellifera and Xylocopa olivacea] and two (28.6%) Lepidoptera Nymphalidae [Danaus plexippus and Hypolimnas misippus]. A total of 7,425 insects associated with V. unguiculara corresponded to four orders [Hemiptera (56.7%), Coleoptera (41.5%), Heteroptera and Orthoptera with 0.9% respectively], nine families [Aphididae (45.3%), Chrysomelidae (38.7%), Pyrrhocoridae (4.8%), Coreidae (3.8%), Cicadellidae (2.8%), Coccinellidae (1.9%), Alydidae, Tenebrionidae and Tettigoniidae with 0.9% respectively], 11 genera and 11 species. Conclusion: Apis mellifera was the major pollinator and Aphis crassivora the major pest. The seed yield was improved by 30% extract of plants without impact on pollinators.
{"title":"Seed Yield Improvement in Vigna unguiculata (L.) (Fabaceae): Efficiency of Pollinators and Impact of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Three Plant Species in North Cameroon","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3176","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Because of the problems in agroecosystems following the anarchic use of synthetic insecticides, studies propose an alternative, the use of botanical biopesticides against pests. \u0000Study Design: The present study was conducted to evaluate (1) the potential of leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Gentianales: Apocynaceae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae) against insects and (2) impact of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) seed yield in North Cameroon. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: A field study was set up in 2021 in North Cameroon, during the rainy season. Fourthy four plots of 4x3.5 m each were distributed according to a randomized complete block design model comprising four untreated, four treated using parastar (40EC 535/10/IN, 20 g/l imidaclopride and 20 g/l lamda-cyhalothrine), and 36 plots treated using 10%, 20% and 30% aqueous leaf extracts separately sprayed against Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). \u0000Methodology: Four groups of flowers were randomly selected: (1) free, (2) protected from insects, (3) free exclusively to Ap. mellifera and (4) protected against insects. \u0000Results: A total of 10,984 captured flower insects belonged to three orders (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera), three families (Aphididae, Apidae and Nymphalidae) and seven species [one (14.3%) sap-sucking Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), four (57.1%) pollinators Hymenoptera Apidae [Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp., Apis mellifera and Xylocopa olivacea] and two (28.6%) Lepidoptera Nymphalidae [Danaus plexippus and Hypolimnas misippus]. A total of 7,425 insects associated with V. unguiculara corresponded to four orders [Hemiptera (56.7%), Coleoptera (41.5%), Heteroptera and Orthoptera with 0.9% respectively], nine families [Aphididae (45.3%), Chrysomelidae (38.7%), Pyrrhocoridae (4.8%), Coreidae (3.8%), Cicadellidae (2.8%), Coccinellidae (1.9%), Alydidae, Tenebrionidae and Tettigoniidae with 0.9% respectively], 11 genera and 11 species. \u0000Conclusion: Apis mellifera was the major pollinator and Aphis crassivora the major pest. The seed yield was improved by 30% extract of plants without impact on pollinators.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126157242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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