Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1257
Haruna S. G., Yahuza L., Tijjani I.
Tomato is rich in vitamins, minerals and contains anti-oxidant compounds, like vitamin C and lycopene that has significant role in human health as it has anti-cancer properties. Tomato production is significantly affected by several factors amongst which Fusarium Wilt is one of the major and widespread fungal soil borne diseases in Nigeria. Difficulty in controlling this disease is attributable to long survivability of the pathogen and its existence in diverse pathogenic races. Conventional strategies, such as the use of resistant cultivars and synthetic fungicides, are not completely effective in managing tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and because of unintended effects of chemicals on the environments its application is highly cautioned. This paper has examined many non-pesticide approaches such as application of bio-control agents, use of suppressive soils, composts/vermicomposts and their extracts, animal manure and urine, soil solarization, botanical extracts, good agricultural practices and integrated disease management strategy to control Fusarium wilt and other related soil borne diseases. It is worth noting that no single method can effectively control such diseases. In order to achieve a sustainable and eco-friendly disease management strategy the use of integrated approach is highly recommended. This review will provide farmers with diverse methods to be integrated as management package for Fusarium wilt and related diseases.
番茄富含维生素和矿物质，并含有抗氧化化合物，如维生素 C 和番茄红素，对人体健康具有重要作用，因为番茄红素具有抗癌特性。番茄生产受到多种因素的严重影响，其中镰刀菌枯萎病是尼日利亚主要和普遍的真菌土传病害之一。由于病原体存活时间长，且存在不同的致病品系，因此很难控制这种病害。使用抗病栽培品种和合成杀真菌剂等传统策略并不能完全有效地控制由镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici）引起的番茄枯萎病，而且由于化学品会对环境产生意外影响，因此在应用这些策略时要慎之又慎。本文研究了许多非杀虫剂方法，如应用生物控制剂、使用抑制性土壤、堆肥/沤肥及其提取物、动物粪尿、土壤日晒、植物提取物、良好农业规范和综合病害管理策略来控制镰刀菌枯萎病和其他相关土传病害。值得注意的是，没有任何一种方法可以有效控制此类病害。为了实现可持续和生态友好型病害管理策略，强烈建议使用综合方法。本综述将为农民提供多种方法，作为镰刀菌枯萎病及相关病害的综合管理方案。
{"title":"Management of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) and Related Soil-borne Diseases using Eco-friendly Methods: A Review","authors":"Haruna S. G., Yahuza L., Tijjani I.","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1257","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is rich in vitamins, minerals and contains anti-oxidant compounds, like vitamin C and lycopene that has significant role in human health as it has anti-cancer properties. Tomato production is significantly affected by several factors amongst which Fusarium Wilt is one of the major and widespread fungal soil borne diseases in Nigeria. Difficulty in controlling this disease is attributable to long survivability of the pathogen and its existence in diverse pathogenic races. Conventional strategies, such as the use of resistant cultivars and synthetic fungicides, are not completely effective in managing tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and because of unintended effects of chemicals on the environments its application is highly cautioned. This paper has examined many non-pesticide approaches such as application of bio-control agents, use of suppressive soils, composts/vermicomposts and their extracts, animal manure and urine, soil solarization, botanical extracts, good agricultural practices and integrated disease management strategy to control Fusarium wilt and other related soil borne diseases. It is worth noting that no single method can effectively control such diseases. In order to achieve a sustainable and eco-friendly disease management strategy the use of integrated approach is highly recommended. This review will provide farmers with diverse methods to be integrated as management package for Fusarium wilt and related diseases.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1256
Fitsum Alemayehu
During the 2012 mehere season, a study was conducted in the income Gedeb Wereda of the Gedio zone in Ethiopia to evaluate farmers' selection criteria for beans and the performance of newly released Andean common bean varieties. The study utilised participatory variety selection (PVS) trials. The findings revealed that qualitative features were given more importance by farmers compared to quantitative traits. Among the different genotypes tested, Gegeba and Ibado emerged as the top two varieties. Farmers considered five qualitative characteristics as superior to production: seed size, marketability, maturity duration, pest and disease resistance, the ability to tolerate cool temperatures, and seed color. Gegeba, with its large, red-speckled seeds, high market demand, upright growth habit, early maturity (90 days), and reasonably high yield (>2 tonnes ha-1), was the preferred choice for almost all farmers. The study suggests that future bean development efforts should focus on promoting the selected varieties and developing new ones that align with farmers' preferences, particularly in terms of adaptation to the mid-highlands, suitability for domestic consumption, local markets, and export markets.
{"title":"Evaluation of Recently Released Andean Bean Varieties with the Participation of Farmers in Mid-Altitude Region of Gedeb Zuria, Gedo Zone","authors":"Fitsum Alemayehu","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1256","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2012 mehere season, a study was conducted in the income Gedeb Wereda of the Gedio zone in Ethiopia to evaluate farmers' selection criteria for beans and the performance of newly released Andean common bean varieties. The study utilised participatory variety selection (PVS) trials. The findings revealed that qualitative features were given more importance by farmers compared to quantitative traits. Among the different genotypes tested, Gegeba and Ibado emerged as the top two varieties. Farmers considered five qualitative characteristics as superior to production: seed size, marketability, maturity duration, pest and disease resistance, the ability to tolerate cool temperatures, and seed color. Gegeba, with its large, red-speckled seeds, high market demand, upright growth habit, early maturity (90 days), and reasonably high yield (>2 tonnes ha-1), was the preferred choice for almost all farmers. The study suggests that future bean development efforts should focus on promoting the selected varieties and developing new ones that align with farmers' preferences, particularly in terms of adaptation to the mid-highlands, suitability for domestic consumption, local markets, and export markets.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"242 S740","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The escalating concern of heavy metal contamination in fruits underscores the need to evaluate associated health risks linked to their consumption. This study undertook assessment of heavy metal levels in commonly consumed fruits (orange, watermelon, and apple) retailed by roadside vendors in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government Area, Osun State. Data collection encompassed a meticulously designed questionnaire while 27 fruit samples (nine fruit each) were randomly procured from diverse market for laboratory analysis. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation, were computed for each heavy metal. The study discerned that majority of vendors predominantly procured their fruits from local farms, implemented the use of fertilizers or pesticides, employed baskets for storage and transportation, and generally held positive perspectives regarding the safety of fruits dispensed by roadside vendors. The results of heavy metal concentration averages in the sampled fruits fell within the permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for safe levels in food. However, noteworthy concentrations of certain heavy metals, particularly As and Cr, were identified, signaling potential health risks for consumers. These findings underscore the ongoing necessity for rigorous monitoring and regulation of heavy metals in food, coupled with adherence to recommended dietary guidelines and safety standards to safeguard public health.
{"title":"Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Apple, Orange, and Watermelon Retailed Along Roadsides in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"Adegbite Kabirat Iyabode, Oladeji Francis Olusegun, Towolawi Adeleke Taofik, Adedokun Halimot Folasade","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1255","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating concern of heavy metal contamination in fruits underscores the need to evaluate associated health risks linked to their consumption. This study undertook assessment of heavy metal levels in commonly consumed fruits (orange, watermelon, and apple) retailed by roadside vendors in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government Area, Osun State. Data collection encompassed a meticulously designed questionnaire while 27 fruit samples (nine fruit each) were randomly procured from diverse market for laboratory analysis. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation, were computed for each heavy metal. The study discerned that majority of vendors predominantly procured their fruits from local farms, implemented the use of fertilizers or pesticides, employed baskets for storage and transportation, and generally held positive perspectives regarding the safety of fruits dispensed by roadside vendors. The results of heavy metal concentration averages in the sampled fruits fell within the permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for safe levels in food. However, noteworthy concentrations of certain heavy metals, particularly As and Cr, were identified, signaling potential health risks for consumers. These findings underscore the ongoing necessity for rigorous monitoring and regulation of heavy metals in food, coupled with adherence to recommended dietary guidelines and safety standards to safeguard public health.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1254
Muhammad Ateeq, Muhammad Ahmad, Kousar Shahzadi, Raza Ullah, Komal Murad, Tanveer Abbas Ansari
Most abundant element on earth crust is silicon (Si), easily available and mostly used in farming against low moisture stress in arid regions. Thus, a pot experiment was accomplished for identifying the beneficial effects of Si on the growth, productivity and activity of antioxidants in pearl millet. The millet plant was arranged in complete randomized design (CRD) under normal and drought stress condition and treated with four level of Si (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mmol/L). The results revealed that foliar 5.0 mmol/L of foliar applied Si improved the growth traits (leaf fresh weight 18.99%, stem fresh weight 9.34%, root fresh weight 28.75%, root dry weight 33.11%, plant height 21.7%, and stem diameter 28.26%) and yield traits (no. of grains per spike 9.22%, and grain yield 15.89%). While it enhances the activity of antioxidants as (catalase 8.1%, peroxidase 36.84%, and ascorbate peroxidase 17.16%). In short, foliar application of Si is an effective strategy for improving all the growth and yield traits as well as some of the antioxidants in the presence of low moisture stress in pearl millet crop. In this manner, foliar applied 5.0 mmol/L of Si will be recommended as the best doze for controlling the negative impact on pearl millet crop. Hopefully, the findings of this research will be helpful for the future research against stress related challenges.
{"title":"Minimizing the Effect of Low Moisture Stress in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by Regulating Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Defense System Via Foliar Applied Silicon","authors":"Muhammad Ateeq, Muhammad Ahmad, Kousar Shahzadi, Raza Ullah, Komal Murad, Tanveer Abbas Ansari","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1254","url":null,"abstract":"Most abundant element on earth crust is silicon (Si), easily available and mostly used in farming against low moisture stress in arid regions. Thus, a pot experiment was accomplished for identifying the beneficial effects of Si on the growth, productivity and activity of antioxidants in pearl millet. The millet plant was arranged in complete randomized design (CRD) under normal and drought stress condition and treated with four level of Si (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mmol/L). The results revealed that foliar 5.0 mmol/L of foliar applied Si improved the growth traits (leaf fresh weight 18.99%, stem fresh weight 9.34%, root fresh weight 28.75%, root dry weight 33.11%, plant height 21.7%, and stem diameter 28.26%) and yield traits (no. of grains per spike 9.22%, and grain yield 15.89%). While it enhances the activity of antioxidants as (catalase 8.1%, peroxidase 36.84%, and ascorbate peroxidase 17.16%). In short, foliar application of Si is an effective strategy for improving all the growth and yield traits as well as some of the antioxidants in the presence of low moisture stress in pearl millet crop. In this manner, foliar applied 5.0 mmol/L of Si will be recommended as the best doze for controlling the negative impact on pearl millet crop. Hopefully, the findings of this research will be helpful for the future research against stress related challenges.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"16 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1253
A. Shalahuddin, K. Iftekharuddaula, S. Ghosal, M. Y. Khan, A. Rahman, M. R. A. Sarker
Tolerance to submergence stress is an important breeding objective for the areas where rice cultivars are subjected to complete inundation for a week or more. Submergence tolerance is an important trait for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the flash flood-prone ecosystem. The trait is largely controlled by a major gene designated as Sub1 located on chromosome 9. Submergence of rice (Oryza sativa) by flash flooding is a major constraint to rice production in Bangladesh. Quantitative trait loci analyses have revealed that a large portion of this variation in submergence tolerance can be explained by Sub1. A newly released submergence tolerant rice variety namely BRRI dhan79 was developed by hybridization between BRRI dhan49*6/BRRI dhan52 through Marker Assisted Backcrossing and selection method where BRRI dhan52 (submergence tolerant mega variety in Bangladesh) used as Sub1 donor. It can tolerate upto three weeks complete submergence at vegetative stage whereas Sub1 donor mega variety BRRI dhan52 can tolerate on an average two weeks complete submergence condition. It can also tolerate 50-60 cm water stagnation for 15-20 days after de-submergence. The variety has satisfactorily been passed in the proposed variety trial conducted in flash flood prone farmers' field in Bangladesh. As a result, the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh approved this rice variety for commercial cultivation for the flash flood affected rainfed lowland ecosystem (Transplanted Aman season) in 2017. It meet up all the trait of modern plant likely medium plant heihght (112 cm), strong and stature culm structure, erect flag leaf with stay green leaf at maturity stage and high yield potential with 140 days growth duration (in case of three weeks submergence mature by 160 days). It can produce 5.5 t/ha grain yield under non-stress condition and 4.0-4.5 t/ha yield under three weeks submergence condition. The grain shape of the variety is medium bold. The rice production scenario in flash flood affected region of Bangladesh has been remarkably improved after releasing this rice variety. It has not only change the socio-economic status of farmers but also sustaining food security.
{"title":"Development of Submergence Tolerant Rice Variety BRRI dhan79 for Flash Flood Ecosystem of Bangladesh","authors":"A. Shalahuddin, K. Iftekharuddaula, S. Ghosal, M. Y. Khan, A. Rahman, M. R. A. Sarker","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1253","url":null,"abstract":"Tolerance to submergence stress is an important breeding objective for the areas where rice cultivars are subjected to complete inundation for a week or more. Submergence tolerance is an important trait for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the flash flood-prone ecosystem. The trait is largely controlled by a major gene designated as Sub1 located on chromosome 9. Submergence of rice (Oryza sativa) by flash flooding is a major constraint to rice production in Bangladesh. Quantitative trait loci analyses have revealed that a large portion of this variation in submergence tolerance can be explained by Sub1. A newly released submergence tolerant rice variety namely BRRI dhan79 was developed by hybridization between BRRI dhan49*6/BRRI dhan52 through Marker Assisted Backcrossing and selection method where BRRI dhan52 (submergence tolerant mega variety in Bangladesh) used as Sub1 donor. It can tolerate upto three weeks complete submergence at vegetative stage whereas Sub1 donor mega variety BRRI dhan52 can tolerate on an average two weeks complete submergence condition. It can also tolerate 50-60 cm water stagnation for 15-20 days after de-submergence. The variety has satisfactorily been passed in the proposed variety trial conducted in flash flood prone farmers' field in Bangladesh. As a result, the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh approved this rice variety for commercial cultivation for the flash flood affected rainfed lowland ecosystem (Transplanted Aman season) in 2017. It meet up all the trait of modern plant likely medium plant heihght (112 cm), strong and stature culm structure, erect flag leaf with stay green leaf at maturity stage and high yield potential with 140 days growth duration (in case of three weeks submergence mature by 160 days). It can produce 5.5 t/ha grain yield under non-stress condition and 4.0-4.5 t/ha yield under three weeks submergence condition. The grain shape of the variety is medium bold. The rice production scenario in flash flood affected region of Bangladesh has been remarkably improved after releasing this rice variety. It has not only change the socio-economic status of farmers but also sustaining food security.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1252
A. K. D. Matondo, K. K. Kapinga, F. Ngumbu-Kibanda, J. M. Maloluka, A. Ngombo-Nzokwani, L. Tshilenge-Lukanda, M. Muengula-Manyi, A. Kalonji-Mbuyi
Aim: To evaluate the behavior of soybean varieties recently introduced in germplasm of National Pulses Program of National Institute for Agricultural Study and Research. Study Design: The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments replicated three times. Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was carried out at the Lieutenant-Colonel EBEYA Military Camp, precisely in the POUDRIERE site in LOMA district from April 14 to June 17, 2023. Methodology: The study was conducted with six soybean varieties replicated three times. Data collected concerned percentage of seedlings emerged, vegetative development and production parameters. Results: The emerged plants rate varies from 82.6 to 90%, collar diameter from 4.3 to 6.4mm, and plant height from 27.9 to 51.3 cm. The leaflet number per plant varies from 18.3 to 32, while their length and width varied from 6 to 9.4cm, and from 10.5 to 17.7cm, respectively. On each plant, the number of branches bearing pods varied from 3.6 to 5. The number of pods and seed per plant varied from 18 to 37, and from 34.3 to 68, respectively. Overall, soybean varieties flowered on 34.4 to 68 DAS. The 100-seed weight varied from 8 to 15.3g, and yield obtained from 572.9 to 2,203kg/ha. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicate that vegetative development and production parameters vary among varieties. This variability in behavior results from the interactions between intrinsic properties of each soybean variety and agroenvironmental conditions of experimental field. The yields obtained were lower than the global average. However, variety TGM 0169 considered late, had high emerged plants rate (90%), and yielded more than 2t/ha, which is far higher than the average recorded in the majority of Sub-Saharan African countries. Ultimately, TGM 0162 appeared as elite variety whatever parameter considered.
{"title":"Field Evaluation of Six Newly Introduced Soybean Varieties in the National Pulses Program Germplasm, Kongo Central Province","authors":"A. K. D. Matondo, K. K. Kapinga, F. Ngumbu-Kibanda, J. M. Maloluka, A. Ngombo-Nzokwani, L. Tshilenge-Lukanda, M. Muengula-Manyi, A. Kalonji-Mbuyi","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1252","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the behavior of soybean varieties recently introduced in germplasm of National Pulses Program of National Institute for Agricultural Study and Research. \u0000Study Design: The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments replicated three times. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was carried out at the Lieutenant-Colonel EBEYA Military Camp, precisely in the POUDRIERE site in LOMA district from April 14 to June 17, 2023. \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted with six soybean varieties replicated three times. Data collected concerned percentage of seedlings emerged, vegetative development and production parameters. \u0000Results: The emerged plants rate varies from 82.6 to 90%, collar diameter from 4.3 to 6.4mm, and plant height from 27.9 to 51.3 cm. The leaflet number per plant varies from 18.3 to 32, while their length and width varied from 6 to 9.4cm, and from 10.5 to 17.7cm, respectively. On each plant, the number of branches bearing pods varied from 3.6 to 5. The number of pods and seed per plant varied from 18 to 37, and from 34.3 to 68, respectively. Overall, soybean varieties flowered on 34.4 to 68 DAS. The 100-seed weight varied from 8 to 15.3g, and yield obtained from 572.9 to 2,203kg/ha. \u0000Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicate that vegetative development and production parameters vary among varieties. This variability in behavior results from the interactions between intrinsic properties of each soybean variety and agroenvironmental conditions of experimental field. The yields obtained were lower than the global average. However, variety TGM 0169 considered late, had high emerged plants rate (90%), and yielded more than 2t/ha, which is far higher than the average recorded in the majority of Sub-Saharan African countries. Ultimately, TGM 0162 appeared as elite variety whatever parameter considered.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"626 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1251
K. Khaleeq, Abdul Ghani Qarluq
A Cotton experiment was laid out at the agronomic research farm of agriculture faculty of Kunduz University in spring season of 2023 to investigate effects of phosphorus fertilization of growth and yield parameters of cotton crop (Gossypium hirustum L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan. The experiment conducted in Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatment consists: control without phosphorus fertilizer application, application of 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha. Result showed that the highest plant height (98.44 cm), Leave area index (2.78), Sympodial Branches/plant (12.88), Bolls/plant (27.66), cotton lint yield (1750 kg/ha), cotton seed yield (3979 kg/ha), cotton lint yield (182742 AFN/ha), cotton seed yield (77964 AFN/ha), gross return (260707 AFN/ha), net return (209867 AFN/ha) and benefit Cost of ratio (6) were recorded from treatment with 90 kg p2o5/ha following with application 60, 30 and Control treatments respectively. It can be possible to conclude that proper phosphorus fertilization is crucial for optimizing cotton production in this region. The study highlights the potential for improved cotton cultivation practices and increased economic returns for farmers in the Kunduz province of Afghanistan through the implementation of optimal P fertilizer application rates.
{"title":"Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth, Yield and Economic Efficiency of Cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan","authors":"K. Khaleeq, Abdul Ghani Qarluq","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1251","url":null,"abstract":"A Cotton experiment was laid out at the agronomic research farm of agriculture faculty of Kunduz University in spring season of 2023 to investigate effects of phosphorus fertilization of growth and yield parameters of cotton crop (Gossypium hirustum L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan. The experiment conducted in Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatment consists: control without phosphorus fertilizer application, application of 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha. Result showed that the highest plant height (98.44 cm), Leave area index (2.78), Sympodial Branches/plant (12.88), Bolls/plant (27.66), cotton lint yield (1750 kg/ha), cotton seed yield (3979 kg/ha), cotton lint yield (182742 AFN/ha), cotton seed yield (77964 AFN/ha), gross return (260707 AFN/ha), net return (209867 AFN/ha) and benefit Cost of ratio (6) were recorded from treatment with 90 kg p2o5/ha following with application 60, 30 and Control treatments respectively. It can be possible to conclude that proper phosphorus fertilization is crucial for optimizing cotton production in this region. The study highlights the potential for improved cotton cultivation practices and increased economic returns for farmers in the Kunduz province of Afghanistan through the implementation of optimal P fertilizer application rates.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"38 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1247
Sana Fatima, Romail Aslam, Kiran Shahzadi, Hafsa Awan, Muhammad Nadeem, Minahil Shabir, Yousuf Shafiq, Mahek Hamid
One of the most important environmental factors that can has the significant effects on growth and development of the plant is drought stress. Drought condition causes the plant to undergo several physiological and biochemical changes that may have an impact on how well it functions overall. Peas belongs to a family Leguminosae which is cultivated as an edible seed all over the world which have the high nutritional importance. They are an effective source of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant-based protein. Legumes are essential for crop rotation because they fix nitrogen in the soil, enhancing soil fertility and lowering the demand for artificial fertilizers. Around 9,000 years ago, this crop has been cultivated in the Near East and the Mediterranean region. By altering numerous physiological and biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, water uptake, and nutrient assimilation, drought stress can drastically lower the productivity of this crop due to the numerous alterations of physiological and biochemical process such as photosynthesis, water absorption ratio and nutrients uptakes. Lack of water can cause pea plants to grow slowly, have fewer leaves, and causes the crop production decline. Drought stress not only affects growth and photosynthesis but also has the potential to affect the reproductive development of plants. Not only can drought stress cause fewer flowers to be formed, but it can also cause the size and weight of the seeds to diminish. Additionally, it might lead to a decline in pea quality and production. Pea plants have a number of defense mechanisms to deal with drought stress, such as altered root systems, osmotic adjustment, the synthesis of antioxidants, and stomatal modulation. The activation of genes that control the synthesis of osmo-protectants, including proline and sugars, as well as the expression of stress-responsive proteins, like LEA proteins and chaperones, is part of the molecular defense system against drought. by understanding the effect of drought stress and its mechanism activated under the stress condition to tolerate this stress.
{"title":"Effect of Drought Stress at Growth and Development of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)","authors":"Sana Fatima, Romail Aslam, Kiran Shahzadi, Hafsa Awan, Muhammad Nadeem, Minahil Shabir, Yousuf Shafiq, Mahek Hamid","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1247","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important environmental factors that can has the significant effects on growth and development of the plant is drought stress. Drought condition causes the plant to undergo several physiological and biochemical changes that may have an impact on how well it functions overall. Peas belongs to a family Leguminosae which is cultivated as an edible seed all over the world which have the high nutritional importance. They are an effective source of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant-based protein. Legumes are essential for crop rotation because they fix nitrogen in the soil, enhancing soil fertility and lowering the demand for artificial fertilizers. Around 9,000 years ago, this crop has been cultivated in the Near East and the Mediterranean region. By altering numerous physiological and biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, water uptake, and nutrient assimilation, drought stress can drastically lower the productivity of this crop due to the numerous alterations of physiological and biochemical process such as photosynthesis, water absorption ratio and nutrients uptakes. Lack of water can cause pea plants to grow slowly, have fewer leaves, and causes the crop production decline. Drought stress not only affects growth and photosynthesis but also has the potential to affect the reproductive development of plants. Not only can drought stress cause fewer flowers to be formed, but it can also cause the size and weight of the seeds to diminish. Additionally, it might lead to a decline in pea quality and production. Pea plants have a number of defense mechanisms to deal with drought stress, such as altered root systems, osmotic adjustment, the synthesis of antioxidants, and stomatal modulation. The activation of genes that control the synthesis of osmo-protectants, including proline and sugars, as well as the expression of stress-responsive proteins, like LEA proteins and chaperones, is part of the molecular defense system against drought. by understanding the effect of drought stress and its mechanism activated under the stress condition to tolerate this stress.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"91 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1241
Zubaira Bibi, Muhammad Junaid Maqsood, Ayesha Idrees, Hafisa Rafique, Aliza Amjad Butt, Rameesha Ali, Zunaira Arif, Mutie Un Nabi
Global ecosystems are threatened by climate change, thus understanding plant response is vital. Phenotypic plasticity allows genotypes to produce different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions, helping plants adapt to changing climates. The reviewsynthesizes molecular, physiological, and morphological data on plant phenotypic plasticity as a dynamic and responsive survival strategy in unpredictable environments. Review analyses how phenotypic plasticity influences plant resilience and persistence under climate change using empirical data from diverse plant species and settings. The study also analyses how phenotypic plasticity influences plant community dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Phenotypic plasticity's potential to attenuate climate change and facilitate range alterations is also explored, showing its importance in plant ranges. Study reviewsgenetic, genomic, ecological, and climatological research on plant phenotypic plasticity in climate adaptation. Findings stressplant species' resilience in reducing climate change's impact on global ecosystems and influencing conservation and management.
{"title":"Exploring the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Adaptation to Changing Climate: A Review","authors":"Zubaira Bibi, Muhammad Junaid Maqsood, Ayesha Idrees, Hafisa Rafique, Aliza Amjad Butt, Rameesha Ali, Zunaira Arif, Mutie Un Nabi","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i1241","url":null,"abstract":"Global ecosystems are threatened by climate change, thus understanding plant response is vital. Phenotypic plasticity allows genotypes to produce different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions, helping plants adapt to changing climates. The reviewsynthesizes molecular, physiological, and morphological data on plant phenotypic plasticity as a dynamic and responsive survival strategy in unpredictable environments. Review analyses how phenotypic plasticity influences plant resilience and persistence under climate change using empirical data from diverse plant species and settings. The study also analyses how phenotypic plasticity influences plant community dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Phenotypic plasticity's potential to attenuate climate change and facilitate range alterations is also explored, showing its importance in plant ranges. Study reviewsgenetic, genomic, ecological, and climatological research on plant phenotypic plasticity in climate adaptation. Findings stressplant species' resilience in reducing climate change's impact on global ecosystems and influencing conservation and management.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"55 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4238
A. M. K. Ali, A. F. I. Gadallah, O. Hussien
The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station in Shandaweel, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. (latitude of 26.33° N and longitude of 31.41° E) in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 planting seasons, to evaluate the effects of three concentrations of the chemical ripener " Ethrel" (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 liter/fed) sprayed on the leaves, in addition to control treatment (without spraying) on yield and quality of tow sugarcane varieties [the commercial variety (G.T. 54-9) and the promising one (G. 2004-27) in addition to (G. 2005-47) genotype]. A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot arrangement was used. The results showed that the sugarcane varieties differed markedly in all studied traits. G.T. 54-9 variety superior in stalk diameter and sugar yield/fed in both seasons as well as cane yield/fed in the 1st one, while, G.2004-27 variety recorded the highest stalk and most number of millable canes/fed in both seasons as well as cane yield/fed in the 1st season, on the other hand, G.2005-47 genotype was superior in brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery% in both seasons. The results also showed that adding 1.0 liter/fed of Ethrel spray to the cane leaves caused an increase in brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery% as well as sugar yield/fed, compared to the untreated (control). On the contrary, the treatments with Ethrel concentrations led to a decrease in the height and diameter of the stalk as well as cane yield. However, the increase (%) in quality and sugar yield was more than the decrease in cane yield. Therefore, Ethrel addition led to an increase in quality and sugar yield at concentration of 1.0 liter/fed "E3". Under conditions of this work, it was found that growing all studied sugarcane varieties and spraying them with 1.0 l/fed of Ethrel ripener can be recommended for the maximum sugar production.
{"title":"Responses of Some Sugarcane Varieties to Application of Ethrel Ripener with Respect to Their on Quality and Productivity","authors":"A. M. K. Ali, A. F. I. Gadallah, O. Hussien","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4238","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station in Shandaweel, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. (latitude of 26.33° N and longitude of 31.41° E) in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 planting seasons, to evaluate the effects of three concentrations of the chemical ripener \" Ethrel\" (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 liter/fed) sprayed on the leaves, in addition to control treatment (without spraying) on yield and quality of tow sugarcane varieties [the commercial variety (G.T. 54-9) and the promising one (G. 2004-27) in addition to (G. 2005-47) genotype]. A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot arrangement was used. The results showed that the sugarcane varieties differed markedly in all studied traits. G.T. 54-9 variety superior in stalk diameter and sugar yield/fed in both seasons as well as cane yield/fed in the 1st one, while, G.2004-27 variety recorded the highest stalk and most number of millable canes/fed in both seasons as well as cane yield/fed in the 1st season, on the other hand, G.2005-47 genotype was superior in brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery% in both seasons. The results also showed that adding 1.0 liter/fed of Ethrel spray to the cane leaves caused an increase in brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery% as well as sugar yield/fed, compared to the untreated (control). On the contrary, the treatments with Ethrel concentrations led to a decrease in the height and diameter of the stalk as well as cane yield. However, the increase (%) in quality and sugar yield was more than the decrease in cane yield. Therefore, Ethrel addition led to an increase in quality and sugar yield at concentration of 1.0 liter/fed \"E3\". Under conditions of this work, it was found that growing all studied sugarcane varieties and spraying them with 1.0 l/fed of Ethrel ripener can be recommended for the maximum sugar production.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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