J. S. Matarredona, R. P. Fons, María Consuelo Domínguez Sales
Pseudosciences are present and accepted naturally by broad sectors of the population. Despite their potential risks, they are not taken into account when teaching science; some universities have even offered official pseudoscientific courses. In this text we want to learn about the degree of acceptance of these beliefs in high-school science teachers in training, who have been detected to have significant levels of acceptance of pseudoscience.
{"title":"To what extent do pseudosciences affect teachers? A look at the mindset of science teachers in training","authors":"J. S. Matarredona, R. P. Fons, María Consuelo Domínguez Sales","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.9943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.9943","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudosciences are present and accepted naturally by broad sectors of the population. Despite their potential risks, they are not taken into account when teaching science; some universities have even offered official pseudoscientific courses. In this text we want to learn about the degree of acceptance of these beliefs in high-school science teachers in training, who have been detected to have significant levels of acceptance of pseudoscience.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"188-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42232348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study looks briefly at a range of ways in which writers have approached the concept of death , from expressions of personal grief, through to the ways in which attitudes to death represented in a culture are also picked up and used by writers from the culture concerned. Writers considered are mostly (but not all) from the English and Spanish language traditions, and in particular Seamus Heaney, Thomas Hardy, Miguel de Cervantes and Federico Garcia Lorca. The point is made that not all writing about death is centred on death as a source of personal grief, though a great deal is. Also considered is the way in which some writing about death is transparent, and in a sense overtly simple, while other writing is less so, and may even seem obscure.
{"title":"Death and literature: Different approaches, from simplicity to obscurity","authors":"J. Skelton","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10567","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks briefly at a range of ways in which writers have approached the concept of death , from expressions of personal grief, through to the ways in which attitudes to death represented in a culture are also picked up and used by writers from the culture concerned. Writers considered are mostly (but not all) from the English and Spanish language traditions, and in particular Seamus Heaney, Thomas Hardy, Miguel de Cervantes and Federico Garcia Lorca. The point is made that not all writing about death is centred on death as a source of personal grief, though a great deal is. Also considered is the way in which some writing about death is transparent, and in a sense overtly simple, while other writing is less so, and may even seem obscure.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48339912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molt abans que es realitzessin els trasplantaments reixits en humans, alguns escriptors n'havien narrat en la ficico. En aquest article en mostrem alguns exemples i expliquem com fins i tot idees aparentment esbojarrades tenien la seva inspiracio en experiments reals. A partir dels anys 70, quan els trasplantametns ja s'han normalitzat, apareixen narracions que plantegen problemes reals, com la manca de donants. Les obresd comebtades mostren la imrptoancia que pot tenir la literatura per fer aportacions en el debat etic i social sobre trasplantaments i per fer que arribin al maxim de sectors.
{"title":"A science fiction implant: Organ transplants in literature","authors":"X. Duran","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10498","url":null,"abstract":"Molt abans que es realitzessin els trasplantaments reixits en humans, alguns escriptors n'havien narrat en la ficico. En aquest article en mostrem alguns exemples i expliquem com fins i tot idees aparentment esbojarrades tenien la seva inspiracio en experiments reals. A partir dels anys 70, quan els trasplantametns ja s'han normalitzat, apareixen narracions que plantegen problemes reals, com la manca de donants. Les obresd comebtades mostren la imrptoancia que pot tenir la literatura per fer aportacions en el debat etic i social sobre trasplantaments i per fer que arribin al maxim de sectors.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48179445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La medicina i la literatura tenen com a motiu i objectiu principal els essers humans. No obstant aixo, el desenvolupament de la medicina cientifica en el segle XIX i els exits terapeutics del XX van portar a un distanciament entre ambdues. A la practica, pero, els metges han estat sempre conreadors inesgotables de la literatura i alguns han esdevingut coneguts escriptors. En els darrers anys ha crescut l’interes per la utilitzacio de la literatura en el context medic amb diferents objectius. En primer lloc, el seu us com a instrument pedagogic en estudiants de medicina ha permes millorar competencies professionals necessaries pero dificils d’assolir en la formacio biologista tradicional. En segon lloc, la utilitzacio de les narracions dels pacients ha esdevingut un element de gran interes per comprendre la vivencia de les malalties. Finalment, es va reconeixent la utilitat de les obres literaries com a instrument adjuvant en la millora de la qualitat de vida dels pacients. En conclusio, la literatura constitueix un element de gran interes en la formacio dels estudiants de medicina i pot millorar la relacio amb els pacients en permetre una millor comprensio dels aspectes emocionals de la seva malaltia.
{"title":"Literature in medical teaching: The crucial importance of literature in the education of medical students","authors":"J. Baños, E. Guardiola","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10555","url":null,"abstract":"La medicina i la literatura tenen com a motiu i objectiu principal els essers humans. No obstant aixo, el desenvolupament de la medicina cientifica en el segle XIX i els exits terapeutics del XX van portar a un distanciament entre ambdues. A la practica, pero, els metges han estat sempre conreadors inesgotables de la literatura i alguns han esdevingut coneguts escriptors. En els darrers anys ha crescut l’interes per la utilitzacio de la literatura en el context medic amb diferents objectius. En primer lloc, el seu us com a instrument pedagogic en estudiants de medicina ha permes millorar competencies professionals necessaries pero dificils d’assolir en la formacio biologista tradicional. En segon lloc, la utilitzacio de les narracions dels pacients ha esdevingut un element de gran interes per comprendre la vivencia de les malalties. Finalment, es va reconeixent la utilitat de les obres literaries com a instrument adjuvant en la millora de la qualitat de vida dels pacients. En conclusio, la literatura constitueix un element de gran interes en la formacio dels estudiants de medicina i pot millorar la relacio amb els pacients en permetre una millor comprensio dels aspectes emocionals de la seva malaltia.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"214-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41599687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the portrayal of triple therapy (a combination of three antiviral drugs proposed at the Vancouver International AIDS Conference in 1996) in three literary texts belonging to the Latin American HIV-positive corpus. Our aim is to track the changes in relation to previous AIDS narratives in three areas: feelings of guilt, everyday life and the search for love/eroticism. The selected corpus consists on the autobiography Un ano sin amor. Diario del sida (1998) by the Argentine author Pablo Perez, the novel La promesante (2001) by the Nicaraguan writer Rosario Aguilar and the chronicle Vivir con virus. Relatos de la vida cotidiana (2004) by the Argentine journalist Marta Dillon.
本文的目的是分析三联疗法(在1996年温哥华国际艾滋病会议上提出的三种抗病毒药物的组合)在属于拉丁美洲hiv阳性语料库的三个文学文本中的写照。我们的目标是在三个方面追踪与以前艾滋病叙事相关的变化:内疚感、日常生活和对爱/性欲的追求。所选语料库包括自传《我爱你》。阿根廷作家帕布罗·佩雷斯(Pablo Perez) 1998年的《每日新闻》(Diario del sida)、尼加拉瓜作家罗萨里奥·阿吉拉尔(Rosario Aguilar) 2001年的小说《逍遥女》(La proesante)以及纪事小说《病毒生存》(Vivir con virus)。阿根廷记者Marta Dillon的《cotidiana的生活关系》(2004)。
{"title":"Guilt, daily life, and love: AIDS narratives in the time of triple therapies","authors":"K. Lang","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10609","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyse the portrayal of triple therapy (a combination of three antiviral drugs proposed at the Vancouver International AIDS Conference in 1996) in three literary texts belonging to the Latin American HIV-positive corpus. Our aim is to track the changes in relation to previous AIDS narratives in three areas: feelings of guilt, everyday life and the search for love/eroticism. The selected corpus consists on the autobiography Un ano sin amor. Diario del sida (1998) by the Argentine author Pablo Perez, the novel La promesante (2001) by the Nicaraguan writer Rosario Aguilar and the chronicle Vivir con virus. Relatos de la vida cotidiana (2004) by the Argentine journalist Marta Dillon.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"238-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43272771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Ramon y Cajal, padre de la neurociencia que obtuvo el Premio Nobel de Medicina en 1906 por su teoria neuronal, ademas de ser un gran histologo, investigador y docente, mostro interes por la fotografia, la filosofia, la astronomia, el ajedrez o la hipnosis. Escribio obras cientificas y biograficas muy relevantes y tambien mostro su interes por la ciencia ficcion, escribiendo Cuentos de vacaciones. Narraciones pseudocientificas, cinco relatos con finalidad pedagogica en los que se mezclan conceptos cientificos, ficcion, algo de ironia y donde siempre estan presentes el microscopio y la microbiologia. En los relatos se plantean dilemas sociales o morales de dificil solucion que suelen estar motivados por avances de la ciencia o por una incorrecta educacion cientifica de la poblacion. Cajal pretendia mejorar esa educacion y desterrar falsas creencias y supersticiones.
圣地亚哥·拉蒙·卡哈尔(Santiago Ramon y Cajal)，神经科学之父，1906年因其神经元理论获得诺贝尔医学奖，除了是一位伟大的组织学家、研究员和教师外，他对摄影、哲学、天文学、象棋和催眠都很感兴趣。他写了非常相关的科学和传记作品，也表现出了对科幻小说的兴趣，写了假日故事。伪科学故事，五个具有教育目的的故事，其中混合了科学概念，虚构，一些讽刺，显微镜和微生物总是存在。在这些故事中，很难解决的社会或道德困境往往是由科学进步或错误的科学教育引起的。卡哈尔试图改善这种教育，消除错误的信仰和迷信。
{"title":"Vacation stories: Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s fiction","authors":"S. Collado-Vázquez, J. Carrillo","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10460","url":null,"abstract":"Santiago Ramon y Cajal, padre de la neurociencia que obtuvo el Premio Nobel de Medicina en 1906 por su teoria neuronal, ademas de ser un gran histologo, investigador y docente, mostro interes por la fotografia, la filosofia, la astronomia, el ajedrez o la hipnosis. Escribio obras cientificas y biograficas muy relevantes y tambien mostro su interes por la ciencia ficcion, escribiendo Cuentos de vacaciones. Narraciones pseudocientificas, cinco relatos con finalidad pedagogica en los que se mezclan conceptos cientificos, ficcion, algo de ironia y donde siempre estan presentes el microscopio y la microbiologia. En los relatos se plantean dilemas sociales o morales de dificil solucion que suelen estar motivados por avances de la ciencia o por una incorrecta educacion cientifica de la poblacion. Cajal pretendia mejorar esa educacion y desterrar falsas creencias y supersticiones.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43516689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors offer an analysis of mental illness in the work of a key twentieth century author: Virginia Woolf. A critical review of her literary legacy allows us to get closer to what might be one of the most intense literary portrayals of illness and its metaphors and, at the same time, to the representations, euphemisms, silences, and monsters depicted in the chapters of her life and in the unique voice of an essential author.
{"title":"Virginia Woolf: Between writing and disease","authors":"J. Ballester-Roca, Noelia Ibarra-Rius","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10461","url":null,"abstract":"The authors offer an analysis of mental illness in the work of a key twentieth century author: Virginia Woolf. A critical review of her literary legacy allows us to get closer to what might be one of the most intense literary portrayals of illness and its metaphors and, at the same time, to the representations, euphemisms, silences, and monsters depicted in the chapters of her life and in the unique voice of an essential author.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hodge conjecture is one of the seven millennium problems, and is framed within differential geometry and algebraic geometry. It was proposed by William Hodge in 1950 and is currently a stimu-lus for the development of several theories based on geometry, analysis, and mathematical physics. It proposes a natural condition for the existence of complex submanifolds within a complex mani-fold. Manifolds are the spaces in which geometric objects can be considered. In complex manifolds, the structure of the space is based on complex numbers, instead of the most intuitive structure of geometry, based on real numbers.
{"title":"The Hodge conjecture: the complications of understanding the shape of geometric spaces","authors":"V. Muñoz","doi":"10.7203/metode.8.8253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/metode.8.8253","url":null,"abstract":"The Hodge conjecture is one of the seven millennium problems, and is framed within differential geometry and algebraic geometry. It was proposed by William Hodge in 1950 and is currently a stimu-lus for the development of several theories based on geometry, analysis, and mathematical physics. It proposes a natural condition for the existence of complex submanifolds within a complex mani-fold. Manifolds are the spaces in which geometric objects can be considered. In complex manifolds, the structure of the space is based on complex numbers, instead of the most intuitive structure of geometry, based on real numbers.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71307319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is no scientific evidence to support the affirmation that organic food is more nutritious or that its production is more sustainable than traditional food. In addition, productivity is very low and, concomitantly, the price is higher. This article reviews the basics of EU regulations on organic food production and concludes that, for the most part, they mislead the consumer and are not science based. Most of them rely on concepts related to the appeal-to-nature fallacy, with the explicit presence of pseudosciences, such as homeopathy or biodynamic agriculture. On the other hand, interesting aspects such as the carbon footprint or local production are not present in the regulations, and technological improvements that could be useful for organic food production are excluded.
{"title":"The appeal-to-nature fallacy: Homeopathy and biodynamic agriculture in official EU regulations","authors":"J. Mulet","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.9984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.9984","url":null,"abstract":"There is no scientific evidence to support the affirmation that organic food is more nutritious or that its production is more sustainable than traditional food. In addition, productivity is very low and, concomitantly, the price is higher. This article reviews the basics of EU regulations on organic food production and concludes that, for the most part, they mislead the consumer and are not science based. Most of them rely on concepts related to the appeal-to-nature fallacy, with the explicit presence of pseudosciences, such as homeopathy or biodynamic agriculture. On the other hand, interesting aspects such as the carbon footprint or local production are not present in the regulations, and technological improvements that could be useful for organic food production are excluded.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49088377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both the scientific and philosophical problems with classic pseudosciences such as astrology and creationism are well known, leading to institutions that are not structured to promote cognitive advancement. A focus on institutions, however, also encourages recognition of gray areas, such as parapsychology, which combines scientifically dubious claims with institutions that are comparable to most social sciences in their structure. Furthermore, institutional approaches to pseudoscience also raise questions about some academically mainstream fields such as economics. In such cases, pseudoscientific aspects of practice are harder to identify, highlighting the need to place analyses of pseudoscience in a wider context of institutional pathologies.
{"title":"From creationism to economics: how far should analyses of pseudoscience extend?","authors":"T. Edis","doi":"10.7203/METODE.8.10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.8.10001","url":null,"abstract":"Both the scientific and philosophical problems with classic pseudosciences such as astrology and creationism are well known, leading to institutions that are not structured to promote cognitive advancement. A focus on institutions, however, also encourages recognition of gray areas, such as parapsychology, which combines scientifically dubious claims with institutions that are comparable to most social sciences in their structure. Furthermore, institutional approaches to pseudoscience also raise questions about some academically mainstream fields such as economics. In such cases, pseudoscientific aspects of practice are harder to identify, highlighting the need to place analyses of pseudoscience in a wider context of institutional pathologies.","PeriodicalId":41648,"journal":{"name":"Metode Science Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45111686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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