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Political Theology as Theodicy: The Holy Spirit’s Performance in the Economy of Redemption 作为神正论的政治神学:圣灵在救赎经济中的表现
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.025
Martina Grassi
Although Political Theology examined mainly the political dimension of the relationship between God-Father and God-Son, it is paramount to consider the political performance of the Holy Spirit in the Economy of Redemption. The Holy Spirit has been characterized as the binding cause and the principle of relationality both referring to God’s inner life and to God’s relationship with His creatures. As the personalization of relationality, the Holy Spirit performs a unique task: to bring together what is apart by means of organisation. This power of the Spirit to turn a plurality into a unity is manifested in the Latin translation of oikonomía as disposition, that is, giving a special order to the multiple elements within a certain totality. Within this activity of the Spirit, Theodicy can be regarded as the way to depict God’s arrangement of the world and of history, bringing everything together towards the eschatological Kingdom of God. The paper aims at showing this fundamental activity of the Holy Spirit in Christian Theology, and intends to pose the question on how to think on a theology beyond theodicy, that is, how to think on a Trinitarian God beyond the categories of sovereignty and totalization.
虽然政治神学主要研究圣父和圣子之间关系的政治层面,但考虑圣灵在救赎经济中的政治表现是最重要的。圣灵被描述为联系的原因和关系的原则,既指上帝的内心生活,也指上帝与他的受造之物的关系。作为关系的个人化,圣灵执行一项独特的任务:通过组织的方式将分开的东西结合在一起。这种精神的力量,把一个多元变成一个统一,体现在拉丁翻译oikonomía作为处置,也就是说,在一个特定的整体中给予多个元素一个特殊的秩序。在这种精神的活动中,神正论可以被看作是描述上帝安排世界和历史的方式,把一切都带到上帝的末世王国。本文旨在展示圣灵在基督教神学中的这一基本活动,并试图提出如何超越神正论思考神学的问题,即如何超越主权和总体性的范畴思考三位一体的上帝。
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引用次数: 0
Special Issue of Scientia et Fides on Experimental Psychology and the Notion of Personhood 《科学与信仰》关于实验心理学和人格概念的特刊
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.015
J. F. Franck, Scott Harrower, Ryan S. Peterson
"More recently, cognitive psychologists have used the resources of psychological science to study the foundations of religion, and to discuss and possibly illuminate issues of concern for theologians. The new field, known as the cognitive science of religion (CSR), draws from work by Ernest Thomas Lawson, Robert McCauley, Pascal Boyer and Justin Barrett, among others. Many of its scholars are inspired by a spirit of collaborative work with theologians and philosophers of religion, emphasizing the need of serious cross-training between disciplines. Driven by the same spirit, the present issue of Scientia et Fides documents instances of integrative work at the intersection of psychological science and philosophical or theological knowledge, specifically centered around our understanding of what a person is. We hope that, apart from their individual worth, as a whole these contributions will stimulate further interdisciplinary studies, in order to achieve genuine science-engaged philosophy and theology, and a science that is aware of philosophical and theological discussions." (from the introduction)  
最近,认知心理学家利用心理科学的资源来研究宗教的基础,讨论并可能阐明神学家关注的问题。这个新领域被称为宗教认知科学(CSR),借鉴了欧内斯特·托马斯·劳森、罗伯特·麦考利、帕斯卡·博耶尔和贾斯汀·巴雷特等人的研究成果。它的许多学者都受到与神学家和宗教哲学家合作精神的启发,强调需要在学科之间进行认真的交叉训练。在同样精神的推动下,本期《科学与信仰》记录了心理科学与哲学或神学知识交叉的综合工作实例,特别是围绕我们对人是什么的理解。我们希望,除了他们的个人价值之外,这些贡献将促进进一步的跨学科研究,以实现真正的科学哲学和神学,以及一门意识到哲学和神学讨论的科学。”(引自引言)
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引用次数: 0
La acción humana: una propuesta integral para el diálogo interdisciplinar sobre la personalidad 人类行动:关于人格的跨学科对话的综合建议
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.022
José Víctor Orón Semper, Miriam Martinez Martínez Mares
La necesidad de categorizar la personalidad es recurrente en estudios filosóficos, teológicos y, especialmente, psicológicos. No obstante, la falta de diálogo entre las distintas disciplinas da lugar a diversos análisis que parecen dividir la realidad humana en “parcelas” que, a menudo, son incompatibles entre sí; ¿cómo hablar, por ejemplo, de libertad antropológica desde las numerosas aportaciones conductistas de la psicología? Atendiendo a este problema, el presente artículo propone el análisis integral de la acción humana (el modo en el que la persona se actualiza) como una perspectiva que da lugar a una parametrización psicológica ajustada a la complejidad de la personalidad.  Partiendo de la visión integral de la acción, su aspecto comportamental y mental comúnmente estudiados se advierten como insuficientes y se amplía el horizonte al elemento de la interioridad. Este modo más completo de parametrizar a la persona atiende su complejidad y apunta, simultáneamente, a lo que no es conceptualizable en ella. Traer al escenario la interioridad supondrá una lectura renovada de la psicología, la filosofía y la teología, así como su evidente necesidad de interacción.
对人格进行分类的需要在哲学、神学,尤其是心理学研究中反复出现。然而,不同学科之间缺乏对话导致了各种分析,这些分析似乎将人类现实划分为“部分”,而这些“部分”往往彼此不相容;例如,我们如何从心理学的许多行为主义贡献中谈论人类学的自由?在这种情况下,一个人的行为(人更新自己的方式)的整体分析被提出,作为一种视角,导致心理参数化调整到人格的复杂性。从行动的整体观点出发,通常研究的行为和心理方面被认为是不够的,视野扩展到内在因素。这种对人进行参数化的更完整的方法满足了人的复杂性,同时也指出了他无法概念化的东西。把内在带到舞台上意味着对心理学、哲学和神学的重新解读,以及它们明显需要互动。
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引用次数: 0
Second-person Perspective in Interdisciplinary Research: A Cognitive Approach for Understanding and Improving the Dynamics of Collaborative Research Teams 跨学科研究中的第二人称视角:一种理解和改善合作研究团队动态的认知方法
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.023
C. Vanney, J. I. Aguinalde Sáenz
In this paper, we argue that to reverse the excess of specialization and to create room for interdisciplinary cross-fertilization, it seems necessary to move the existing epistemic plurality towards a collaborative process of social cognition. In order to achieve this, we propose to extend the psychological notion of joint attention towards what we call joint intellectual attention. This special kind of joint attention involves a shared awareness of sharing the cognitive process of knowledge. We claim that if an interdisciplinary research team aspires to work collaboratively, it is essential for the researchers to jointly focus their attention towards a common object and establish a second-person relatedness among them. We consider some of the intellectual dispositions or virtues fostered by joint intellectual attention that facilitate interdisciplinary exchange, and explore some of the practical consequences of this cognitive approach to interdisciplinarity for education and research.
在本文中,我们认为,要扭转过度专业化,为跨学科的交叉施肥创造空间,似乎有必要将现有的认知多元化转向社会认知的协作过程。为了实现这一点,我们建议将共同注意的心理学概念扩展到我们所谓的共同智力注意。这种特殊的共同关注涉及共享知识认知过程的共同意识。我们认为,如果一个跨学科的研究团队渴望协同工作,研究人员必须共同将注意力集中在一个共同的目标上,并在他们之间建立第二人称关系。我们考虑了通过共同智力关注促进跨学科交流所培养的一些智力倾向或美德,并探索了这种跨学科教育和研究的认知方法的一些实际后果。
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引用次数: 3
¿La comunicabilidad operativa de la persona requiere su comunicabilidad ontológica? Discusión sobre un dogma filosófico de nuestro tiempo 人的操作交际性是否需要本体论交际性?讨论我们这个时代的哲学教条
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.019
Juan Pablo Roldán
La idea de que una filosofía de la persona substancialista e individualista ha atravesado toda la metafísica occidental y ha constituido un obstáculo para pensar la comunión y la intersubjetividad, se ha convertido en un lugar común del pensamiento contemporáneo. Se problematiza aquí esta perspectiva. Se sugiere que sus distintas formulaciones, muy variadas, obedecieron a un argumento similar, dependiente también de fundamentos teóricos muy cercanos entre sí. Se compara este planteo con el del personalismo ontológico y se evalúan los resultados del intento llamado “postmetafísico” de alcanzar una filosofía de la comunión superando el humanismo. Asimismo, se sugieren algunas influencias de esta problemática en psicoanálisis, filosofía analítica, y fenomenología. Autores variados como Heidegger, Foucault, Vattimo, Esposito, Scheler, Freud, Fromm, Kohut, Lacan, Deleuze, Madell, Stump, Ricoeur y Butler, entre otros, son referidos para ilustrar el debate.
实体主义和个人主义的个人哲学已经渗透到整个西方形而上学中,并成为思考交流和主体间性的障碍,这一观点已成为当代思想的普遍观点。这种观点在这里受到了质疑。有人认为,他们不同的公式,非常不同,遵循一个类似的论点,也依赖于非常接近的理论基础。在这篇文章中,我们提出了一种方法,在这种方法中,交流的哲学超越了人文主义,被称为“后形而上学”。本文还提出了这一问题对精神分析、分析哲学和现象学的一些影响。海德格尔、福柯、瓦提莫、埃斯波西托、谢勒、弗洛伊德、弗洛姆、科胡特、拉康、德勒兹、马德尔、斯汤普、利科和巴特勒等作家都被引用来说明这场辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Do we Need a Plant Theodicy? 我们需要植物神正论吗?
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.026
L. Strickland
In recent decades, philosophers and theologians have become increasingly aware of the extent of animal pain and suffering, both past and present, and of the challenge this poses to God’s goodness and justice. As a result, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the discussion and development of animal theodicies, that is, theodicies that aim to offer morally sufficient reasons for animal pain and suffering that are in fact God’s reasons. In this paper, I ask whether there is a need to go even further than this, by considering whether effort should be made to extend theodicy to include plants as well. Drawing upon ideas found in some recent animal theodicies as well as in the work of some environmental ethicists, I offer three arguments for supposing that plants should indeed fall within the purview of theodicy: (1) the argument from non-flourishing as evil, (2) the argument from moral considerability, and (3) the argument from intrinsic value.  I also consider a possible objection to each of these arguments. Having outlined and defended the aforementioned arguments for broadening theodicy to include plants as well as humans and animals, I conclude by considering what a plant theodicy might look like.
近几十年来,哲学家和神学家越来越意识到动物过去和现在的痛苦程度,以及这对上帝的善良和正义构成的挑战。因此,人们花了大量的精力来讨论和发展动物的神正论,也就是说,神正论旨在为动物的痛苦提供道德上充分的理由,而这些理由实际上是上帝的原因。在这篇论文中,我想问是否有必要走得更远,通过考虑是否应该努力将神正论扩展到包括植物。根据最近在一些动物神正论和一些环境伦理学家的著作中发现的观点,我为假设植物确实应该属于神正论的范围提供了三个论点:(1)关于不繁荣是邪恶的论点,(2)关于道德可观性的论点,以及(3)关于内在价值的论点。我还考虑了对这些论点的一个可能的反对意见。在概述和辩护了前面提到的将神正论扩展到包括植物、人类和动物的论点之后,我以考虑植物神正论可能是什么样子作为结论。
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引用次数: 1
The concepts of virtue after the „character – situation” debate “人-情”之争后的德性概念
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.018
Natasza Szutta
The article focuses on a currently hot debate in contemporary ethics that takes place between so-called situationists and the advocates of virtue ethics. The fundamental assumption made by virtue ethics is that developing and perfecting one’s moral character or moral virtues warrants one’s morally good action. Situationists claim that this assumption contradicts the results of the latest empirical studies. From this observation, they conclude that virtue ethics is based on an empirically inadequate moral psychology.In the first part of the article, I present the conceptions of virtue and moral character developed in response to the situationist criticism. I show to which degree these conceptions differ from the classical, so-called global approach in virtue ethics In the second part, based on the references to the latest empirical studies in social and cognitive psychology, I argue, against the situationist objection, that the classical notion of virtue meets the requirement of empirical adequacy. I mainly resort to the interactionist theory of personality by W. Mischel, R. Baumeister’s studies over self-control, D. Kahneman's conception of two-processual mind, and the studies over automatized processes by J. Bargh.
本文关注的是当前伦理学中发生在所谓情境主义者和德性伦理学倡导者之间的一场激烈争论。德性伦理学的基本假设是,一个人的道德品质或道德美德的发展和完善保证了一个人的道德善行。情境主义者声称,这一假设与最新的实证研究结果相矛盾。从这一观察中,他们得出结论,美德伦理学是建立在经验不足的道德心理基础上的。在文章的第一部分,我提出了美德和道德品质的概念,以回应情境主义的批评。在第二部分中,基于对社会心理学和认知心理学最新实证研究的参考,我反驳了情境主义的反对意见,认为经典的美德概念满足了经验充分性的要求。我主要参考米歇尔的人格互动理论、鲍迈斯特关于自我控制的研究、卡尼曼关于双过程心理的概念以及巴格关于自动化过程的研究。
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引用次数: 1
The Dialogical Self Analogy for the Godhead: Recasting the “God is a Person” Debate 神性的对话性自我类比:重铸“神是位格”辩论
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.020
Scott Harrower
May God may be understood and referred to as a “person”? This is a live debate in contemporary theological and philosophical circles. However, despite the attention this debate has received, the vital question of how to account for God’s trinitarian nature has been mostly overlooked. Due to trinitarian concerns about the unqualified use of “person” as an analogy for the Godhead, I intervene in this debate with a two-fold proposal. The first is that proponents of using a person as an analogy for the Godhead will be better served by using a psychologically informed analogy of a “self” instead. In particular, the Dialogical Self model of a person holds much promise. In what follows, I argue that the “Dialogical Self Analogy” for the Godhead is more likely to uphold God’s trinitarian nature, avoid trinitarian confusion and related problems than “person” analogies do. The primary benefit of speaking of God as a Dialogical Self is that it offers a psychologically modelled analogy for God, whilst avoiding the language of person, yet strongly taking into account God’s trinitarian nature. This has the important benefit of preserving the concept and language of “person” for the trinitarian persons (the prosopa/hypostases), and hence avoiding the linguistic, conceptual and ecumenical confusion that arises when referring to the Godhead as a person. The strength of using the model and language of a Dialogical Self as an analogy for the Godhead (instead of person) is demonstrated by showing its compatibility with Erickson’s criteria for describing the Trinity.
上帝可以被理解和称为一个“人”吗?这是当代神学和哲学界的一场激烈辩论。然而,尽管这场辩论受到了关注,但如何解释上帝的三位一体本质这一关键问题却大多被忽视了。由于三位一体论者担心“位格”作为神性类比的不合格使用,我以一个双重建议介入这场辩论。首先,使用“人”作为神性类比的支持者将会更好地使用心理学上的“自我”类比来代替。特别是,一个人的对话自我模型有很多希望。在接下来的文章中,我认为神性的“对话自我类比”比“位格”类比更有可能支持上帝的三位一体的本质,避免三位一体的混乱和相关问题。把上帝说成一个对话的自我的主要好处是,它提供了一个心理上的类比,同时避免了人的语言,但强烈考虑到上帝的三位一体的性质。这有一个重要的好处,那就是为三位一体的位格(位格/位格)保留了“位格”的概念和语言,从而避免了在将神性称为位格时出现的语言、概念和合一的混淆。使用对话自我的模型和语言作为神性(而不是位格)的类比的力量,通过显示其与埃里克森描述三位一体的标准的兼容性来证明。
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引用次数: 0
Divine Universal Causality and the Particular Problem of Hell: A Quiescence Solution 神圣的普遍因果关系和地狱的特殊问题:一个安静的解决方案
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/setf.2021.024
Adam Wood
I call the Particular Problem of Hell (PPH) the problem of explaining why God allows a certain set of created persons to populate hell, as opposed to allowing some other set of created persons to do so. This paper proposes a solution to PPH on behalf of proponents of Divine Universal Causality (DUC) — the view, roughly, that God causes everything distinct from himself to exist at any time it exists. Despite initial appearances, I argue, proponents of DUC can adopt a version of the popular approach to the Problem of Hell sometimes called the Choice Model. My proposal is based upon Eleonore Stump's Thomistically-inspired notion that our wills can enter a state of "quiescence" with respect to a given option. While proponents of DUC will, I argue, most likely find Stump's own quiescence-based solution to PPH unacceptable, there is a way of modifying her approach that renders it compatible with God's causing everything distinct from himself, including the free choices of his creatures.
我把地狱的特殊问题(PPH)称为解释为什么上帝允许一群被造的人住在地狱,而不允许另一群被造的人住在地狱的问题。本文代表神性普遍因果性(DUC)的支持者提出了一个解决PPH的方案——粗略地说,这种观点认为,上帝使任何与自己不同的事物在任何时候存在。我认为,尽管最初出现了这种情况,但DUC的支持者可以采用一种流行的方法来解决地狱问题,这种方法有时被称为选择模型。我的提议是基于Eleonore Stump的托马斯主义思想,即我们的意志可以在给定的选择中进入一种“平静”状态。我认为,虽然DUC的支持者很可能会发现斯顿普自己的基于静默的PPH解决方案是不可接受的,但有一种方法可以修改她的方法,使其与上帝创造的与他自己不同的一切相容,包括他的生物的自由选择。
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引用次数: 0
Incapaces de Dios 没有神的能力
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.12775/SETF.2021.027
E. M. Claramunt
Are we Human Beings Unable of God?Jose Cobo maintains that the worldview of contemporary man does not allow him to believe in the sense that the first Christians believed. And he argues that the main cause of that vision has been the development of empirical science. Here I argue that in reality the cause can best be described as an anthropological error, which carries with it a metaphysical deficit. On the other hand, we rectify certain intellectual resources with which we intend to get out of this situation.
我们人类不能相信上帝吗?乔斯·科博坚持认为,当代人的世界观不允许他相信最早的基督徒所相信的那种意义。他认为这种观点的主要原因是经验科学的发展。在这里,我认为,在现实中,原因最好被描述为一个人类学的错误,它带有形而上学的缺陷。另一方面,我们整顿某些智力资源,我们打算用这些资源摆脱这种局面。
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引用次数: 0
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