Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-bja10007
Steve Ostovich
Hope informs and inspires our actions. We look to succeed at achieving what we hope for, and this orients our hope towards the future in which time is conceived linearly. The connection between hope as success and linear time creates several difficulties when we seek to defend our hope. This is especially the case regarding past hopes and the dead, who can no longer hope for themselves. J. T. Fraser’s hierarchical theory of time’s conflicts is a complex theory of time that makes possible thinking through hope more critically.
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-bja10009
R. Lestienne
After having briefly introduced the circumstances by which J. T. Fraser was led to build his theory of Time as Conflicts and the way this notion takes consistency through several levels, according to the abilities of the inert or living beings that populate the world, I try to analyze and comment upon them. At each of these levels, the complexity of time is manifested by concepts that oppose each other: permanence and change, movement and rest, divisibility and atomicity, chance and irreversibility, increasing entropy and local decreases, etc. In Fraser’s view, as in mine, the most important issues concern the division of time into past, present, and future, and the irreversibility of the world’s course. Fraser writes that these concepts become consistent only with the appearance of life, because only living beings (and even more so the human race) perceive these things in their Umwelt. Without disagreeing with him on this point, I emphasize the dominant role that Chance plays in the evolution of the world, at all levels considered by Fraser (except atemporality), even if living systems learned, sooner and better than any others, how to take advantage of their position as thermodynamically open systems. I use this argument to suggest, after Alfred North Whitehead, that next to the time of the living we must posit the existence of an objective motor of the world, restoring the ontology of the division of events into past, present, and future, as well as the specificity of the present.
在简要介绍了j·t·弗雷泽(J. T. Fraser)建立他的“时间即冲突”理论的环境，以及这个概念如何根据世界上存在的惰性生物或生物的能力，在几个层面上保持一致性之后，我试图对它们进行分析和评论。在每一个层次上，时间的复杂性都表现为相互对立的概念:永恒和变化、运动和静止、可分性和原子性、偶然性和不可逆性、熵的增加和局部的减少等等。在弗雷泽看来，和我的观点一样，最重要的问题是将时间划分为过去、现在和未来，以及世界进程的不可逆性。弗雷泽写道，这些概念只有与生命的表象一致，因为只有生物(甚至人类)才能在他们的世界中感知这些东西。在这一点上，我不反对他的观点，我强调机遇在弗雷泽所考虑的所有层面上(非时间性除外)在世界进化中所起的主导作用，即使生命系统比其他系统更快更好地学会了如何利用它们作为热力学开放系统的地位。在阿尔弗雷德·诺斯·怀特海(Alfred North Whitehead)之后，我用这个论点来建议，在生者的时间之后，我们必须假定世界的客观马达的存在，恢复事件分为过去、现在和未来的本体论，以及现在的特殊性。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-20231530
S. Nelson
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-bja10010
F. Turner
This essay provides a poetic picture of the author’s experience of the International Society for the Study of Time, of which he has been a member since the 1970s. It includes excerpts from the author’s poetry, including from “Turn Again,” an unpublished work of “semantic autobiography” that charts the process by which the meanings of words emerge and deepen over a lifetime. The word “Time,” especially as characterized by the founder of the Society, J. T. Fraser, is the central actor in the Society’s social and intellectual drama.
这篇文章为作者在国际时间研究协会的经历提供了一幅诗意的画面，他自20世纪70年代以来一直是该协会的成员。它包括作者诗歌的节选，其中包括《再来一次》(Turn Again)，这是一部未发表的“语义自传”，描绘了一个人一生中单词的意义产生和深化的过程。“时间”这个词，尤其是被学会创始人j·t·弗雷泽(J. T. Fraser)描述为“时间”，是学会社会和智力戏剧的中心角色。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-20231529
L. Strate
{"title":"Performing Memories: Media, Creation, Anthropology, and Remembrance, edited by Gabriele Gene","authors":"L. Strate","doi":"10.1163/15685241-20231529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685241-20231529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41736,"journal":{"name":"KronoScope-Journal for the Study of Time","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88782367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-20231527
J. Parker
I first met Julius Fraser, along with his wife Jane, in late summer 1995. A few weeks prior, my husband, Thomas Weissert, had attended the Ninth Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time (held in St. Adèle, Québec), and he had returned home extolling the stimulating interdisciplinary presentations and the collegial atmosphere he had experienced. He had also returned home with a task to bring the ISST online – and with an invitation from Julius and Jane to pay them a visit during our vacation trip to Maine. We were welcomed like old friends, and, by the time we left the next morning, Julius had thrust a book on me and made me promise that I would review it for the “Time’s Books” column in Time’s News, the aperiodic newsletter for the society that Julius had initiated in 1974.1 Although he was ever the gracious host, Julius was always engaged in forwarding the work of the ISST. Over the years, our family would return many times to the Fraser home, a modest ranch-house, situated on the felicitously named Winding Lane West in Westport, Connecticut. It was something of an intellectual hub, where throughout the years the Frasers hosted a variety of scholars from a variety of disciplines. For over a decade, the Frasers also hosted the ISST Council, converting the living room into a meeting room by the addition of kitchen chairs and dining-room chairs to accommodate all the members. The study, however, served as the true center of the intellectual ferment – the hub of the hub, if you will. It was lined on three sides with bookshelves (with one bottom row filled with books that Jane had accumulated over her years as a second-grade teacher and that delighted small guests). The bookshelves contained multitudes of time-centric tomes, of course, but also an eclectic assortment of various books that appealed to Julius’s polymathic mind – collections of Borges’s fictions, Synge and Griffeth’s Principles of
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-20231528
J. Michon
In the interdisciplinary study of time we see a shift from a physicalistic paradigm, as we know it from Julius T. Fraser’s work, to a rather more cognitive-theoretical approach, as advanced, for instance, by Allen Newell, who takes mental activity to consist of a complex, active search through a problem space. In this article, I compare some recent efforts of physically oriented researchers Prigogine and Barbour with the cognitive approach taken by chronopsychologists Lakoff, Gibson, Jones, Leyton and others. It stipulates that the classical notion of temporality as an absolute property of the universe has in fact been replaced by versions of local time. Recent examples of timing on the basis of local time include temporal information processing according to the demands of metaphor, scripts, dynamic attention, and more. The common ground appears to be that time is a derived entity, based on embodied (inborn) as well as situated (acquired) processing activity.
在时间的跨学科研究中，我们看到了从物理主义范式的转变，正如我们从朱利叶斯·t·弗雷泽(Julius T. Fraser)的研究中所知道的那样，转向了一种更为认知理论的方法，比如艾伦·纽厄尔(Allen Newell)提出的，他认为心理活动是由对问题空间的复杂、主动的搜索组成的。在这篇文章中，我比较了最近一些以身体为导向的研究人员Prigogine和Barbour的研究成果，以及时间心理学家Lakoff、Gibson、Jones、Leyton等人采用的认知方法。它规定，时间作为宇宙的绝对属性的经典概念实际上已经被当地时间的版本所取代。最近基于本地时间的计时的例子包括根据隐喻、脚本、动态注意等需求进行时间信息处理。其共同点似乎是，时间是一种派生实体，基于具体化的(天生的)和定位的(获得的)处理活动。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-20231524
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15685241-20231524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685241-20231524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41736,"journal":{"name":"KronoScope-Journal for the Study of Time","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-02301000
{"title":"Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15685241-02301000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685241-02301000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41736,"journal":{"name":"KronoScope-Journal for the Study of Time","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685241-20231526
{"title":"In Memoriam: Jane Fraser","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15685241-20231526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685241-20231526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41736,"journal":{"name":"KronoScope-Journal for the Study of Time","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81858718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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