Pub Date : 2018-08-18DOI: 10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0064
M. Chiarappa
abstract:African American work patterns, particularly those concerned with the handling and extraction of natural resources or labor in agricultural or industrial settings, have been at the heart of efforts to better understand black environmental experience. But few studies have made African American cultural landscapes—specifically, those places heavily shaped by African American labor—the focus of efforts to better understand the black community's environmental experience and its wider societal relevance. Within Philadelphia's Middle Atlantic orbit, African Americans long participated in the environmental dynamics and transformation of the region defined by the Delaware Estuary and the use of its marine resources. This legacy has been visible principally through Thomas Eakins's well-known scenes depicting African Americans working in the region's shad fisheries or guiding railbird hunters through once bountiful wild rice areas and marsh. Working landscapes inspired these and other depictions, assemblages of buildings, boats, harvesting technology, housing, and marketplaces where African Americans honed their environmental acumen in the context of industrial, consumer, and racialized sentiment. From this perspective, African Americans and their cultural landscapes inextricably arbitrated the harvesting, processing, knowledge, commodity flow, and consumption of the region's signature marine resources. In short, the Delaware Estuary's reach within Philadelphia's metropolitan sphere was critically influenced by environmental experience forged in the cultural landscapes of African Americans.
{"title":"Working the Delaware Estuary: African American Cultural Landscapes and the Contours of Environmental Experience","authors":"M. Chiarappa","doi":"10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0064","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:African American work patterns, particularly those concerned with the handling and extraction of natural resources or labor in agricultural or industrial settings, have been at the heart of efforts to better understand black environmental experience. But few studies have made African American cultural landscapes—specifically, those places heavily shaped by African American labor—the focus of efforts to better understand the black community's environmental experience and its wider societal relevance. Within Philadelphia's Middle Atlantic orbit, African Americans long participated in the environmental dynamics and transformation of the region defined by the Delaware Estuary and the use of its marine resources. This legacy has been visible principally through Thomas Eakins's well-known scenes depicting African Americans working in the region's shad fisheries or guiding railbird hunters through once bountiful wild rice areas and marsh. Working landscapes inspired these and other depictions, assemblages of buildings, boats, harvesting technology, housing, and marketplaces where African Americans honed their environmental acumen in the context of industrial, consumer, and racialized sentiment. From this perspective, African Americans and their cultural landscapes inextricably arbitrated the harvesting, processing, knowledge, commodity flow, and consumption of the region's signature marine resources. In short, the Delaware Estuary's reach within Philadelphia's metropolitan sphere was critically influenced by environmental experience forged in the cultural landscapes of African Americans.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"4 1","pages":"64 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89425187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-18DOI: 10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0005
P. Pospisek
abstract:The small city of Galena, Illinois, engaged in an active public debate over the future of its rich nineteenth-century built environment between 1964 and the early 1980s. Framed in terms of economic recovery, citizens and local officials embraced historic preservation as the means to nurture Galena's heritage tourism industry. However, they differed greatly over the extent to which the city's business district should be saved or modernized. City officials went so far as to consider a plan of urban renewal that would reduce the historic aspects of the business district by half and replace nineteenth-century structures with a motel, a strip mall, and parking lots. In the ensuing debate, residents forcefully voted down the renewal plan, effectively enshrining preservation as city policy. Galena's experience challenges existing studies of historic preservation by highlighting the ways in which small town residents resorted to local politics and market forces to embrace preservation as a means for economic renewal.
{"title":"\"General Grant Isn't Coming Back\": Local Economics, Politics, and Historic Preservation in Galena, Illinois, 1964–1981","authors":"P. Pospisek","doi":"10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The small city of Galena, Illinois, engaged in an active public debate over the future of its rich nineteenth-century built environment between 1964 and the early 1980s. Framed in terms of economic recovery, citizens and local officials embraced historic preservation as the means to nurture Galena's heritage tourism industry. However, they differed greatly over the extent to which the city's business district should be saved or modernized. City officials went so far as to consider a plan of urban renewal that would reduce the historic aspects of the business district by half and replace nineteenth-century structures with a motel, a strip mall, and parking lots. In the ensuing debate, residents forcefully voted down the renewal plan, effectively enshrining preservation as city policy. Galena's experience challenges existing studies of historic preservation by highlighting the ways in which small town residents resorted to local politics and market forces to embrace preservation as a means for economic renewal.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"4 1","pages":"22 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75594190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detroit Is No Dry Bones: The Eternal City of the Industrial Age by Camilo José Vergara (review)","authors":"D. Schalliol","doi":"10.1353/mhr.2017.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2017.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"31 1","pages":"105 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74669772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-18DOI: 10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0023
R. Summer
abstract:In the Washington, D.C., neighborhood of Ivy City, new businesses have adopted the hashtag #thisisivycity to rebrand the neighborhood. Leading the campaign is the rehabilitated Hecht Company Warehouse, an art deco department store warehouse recently converted to luxury apartments and high-end commercial uses. In Ivy City, a small, geographically isolated neighborhood historically home to low-income African American residents, the transformation of the Hecht Company Warehouse is paving the way for further development and gentrification of the entire neighborhood. In addition to physical infrastructural and aesthetic changes, the marketing campaign—including the hashtag—allows newcomers to feel a claim to the neighborhood. Examining the role of iconic buildings like the Hecht Company Warehouse in the process of gentrification can expose historically rooted, place-based struggles and contestations over the identity and control of urban space. A look to the past reveals that the warehouse, despite its location on the edge of the neighborhood, has had an outsized effect on Ivy City's vernacular landscape for decades. The historically unequal power relationship between the building and the African American neighborhood contributed to the conditions that have made Ivy City a site for redevelopment today.
{"title":"\"This Is Ivy City\": An Iconic Building's Role in Gentrification and Neighborhood Identity in Washington, D.C.","authors":"R. Summer","doi":"10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0023","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the Washington, D.C., neighborhood of Ivy City, new businesses have adopted the hashtag #thisisivycity to rebrand the neighborhood. Leading the campaign is the rehabilitated Hecht Company Warehouse, an art deco department store warehouse recently converted to luxury apartments and high-end commercial uses. In Ivy City, a small, geographically isolated neighborhood historically home to low-income African American residents, the transformation of the Hecht Company Warehouse is paving the way for further development and gentrification of the entire neighborhood. In addition to physical infrastructural and aesthetic changes, the marketing campaign—including the hashtag—allows newcomers to feel a claim to the neighborhood. Examining the role of iconic buildings like the Hecht Company Warehouse in the process of gentrification can expose historically rooted, place-based struggles and contestations over the identity and control of urban space. A look to the past reveals that the warehouse, despite its location on the edge of the neighborhood, has had an outsized effect on Ivy City's vernacular landscape for decades. The historically unequal power relationship between the building and the African American neighborhood contributed to the conditions that have made Ivy City a site for redevelopment today.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"60 1","pages":"23 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85996870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-18DOI: 10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0044
D. Wylie
abstract:Historic preservationists in northwest Africa (the Maghreb) have launched vibrant movements to appreciate and preserve mainly French colonial buildings. This essay focuses on the three best-known associations: Bel Horizon and Santé Sidi el Houari in Oran, Algeria, and Casamémoire in Casablanca, Morocco. All three aim to protect the built environment by encouraging people to develop a personal sense of belonging and responsibility for their particular cities. By training guides, establishing an artisanal school, and organizing tours, these vanguard activists are celebrating colonial architecture and the specific qualities of their individual cities, thus nurturing civic-mindedness. They also want to affect the way local people regard their history. They are subtly challenging official stories, ones that suggest the fault for contemporary social problems lies not in government policies but in an inherited cultural mess (Algeria) or in the disorder that results from opposing the monarchy (Morocco). Teaching people to appreciate the design and craft of their buildings encourages them to explore their history without seeing foreign influence only as evidence of a terrible "rupture" from an "authentic" past. By encouraging people to ensure the preservation of those buildings and public spaces in general, the activists are trying to stoke an active understanding of citizenship.
非洲西北部(马格里布)的历史保护主义者发起了充满活力的运动，以欣赏和保护主要是法国殖民时期的建筑。本文主要关注三个最著名的社团:阿尔及利亚奥兰的Bel Horizon和sant Sidi el Houari，以及摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡的casamsammoire。这三个城市都旨在通过鼓励人们发展个人归属感和对自己所在城市的责任感来保护建筑环境。通过培训导游，建立手工学校和组织旅游，这些先锋活动家正在庆祝殖民地建筑和他们各自城市的特殊品质，从而培养公民意识。他们还想影响当地人对他们历史的看法。他们巧妙地挑战了官方的说法，这些说法认为当代社会问题的错误不在于政府政策，而在于继承下来的文化混乱(阿尔及利亚)或反对君主制(摩洛哥)造成的混乱。教会人们欣赏自己建筑的设计和工艺，鼓励他们探索自己的历史，而不是把外来影响视为与“真实”过去可怕“断裂”的证据。通过鼓励人们保护这些建筑和公共空间，活动人士试图激发人们对公民身份的积极理解。
{"title":"\"Part of Who We Are\": Using Old Buildings to Foster Citizenship in North Africa (Oran, Algeria, and Casablanca, Morocco)","authors":"D. Wylie","doi":"10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/BUILDLAND.25.1.0044","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Historic preservationists in northwest Africa (the Maghreb) have launched vibrant movements to appreciate and preserve mainly French colonial buildings. This essay focuses on the three best-known associations: Bel Horizon and Santé Sidi el Houari in Oran, Algeria, and Casamémoire in Casablanca, Morocco. All three aim to protect the built environment by encouraging people to develop a personal sense of belonging and responsibility for their particular cities. By training guides, establishing an artisanal school, and organizing tours, these vanguard activists are celebrating colonial architecture and the specific qualities of their individual cities, thus nurturing civic-mindedness. They also want to affect the way local people regard their history. They are subtly challenging official stories, ones that suggest the fault for contemporary social problems lies not in government policies but in an inherited cultural mess (Algeria) or in the disorder that results from opposing the monarchy (Morocco). Teaching people to appreciate the design and craft of their buildings encourages them to explore their history without seeing foreign influence only as evidence of a terrible \"rupture\" from an \"authentic\" past. By encouraging people to ensure the preservation of those buildings and public spaces in general, the activists are trying to stoke an active understanding of citizenship.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"12 1","pages":"44 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86560138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.5749/BUILDLAND.24.2.0001
I. Stevenson
{"title":"Viewpoint: Introducing Environmental History into Vernacular Architecture: Considerations from New England's Historic Dams","authors":"I. Stevenson","doi":"10.5749/BUILDLAND.24.2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/BUILDLAND.24.2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"71 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81671933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.5749/BUILDLAND.24.2.0058
M. Conrad
In the twenty years surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, the form and character of agricultural buildings in the Northern Rockies and the construction methods used to build them changed dramatically. This essay focuses on the Gallatin Valley of southwestern Montana to explore the nature and meaning of these changes. It places them within the context of the region's growth and development during its early agricultural settlement, which coincided with a period of tremendous advances in agricultural practices. The earliest Euro-American buildings in the region (1862 to the 1880s) reflect typical frontier construction, with logs the predominant material due to the plentiful local pine and fir and the limited tools available. However, this construction method presented structural limitations when the need for larger buildings arose due to regional economic development. Lacking other alternatives, farmers and stock growers put their faith in light balloon frame construction, although many of them had little experience with this method, particularly for sizable buildings. The demand for larger and more complex buildings spurred the introduction and subsequent adoption of an essentially new architecture. High elevation, climate, and the forces of national economic markets were the principal factors that influenced the rapid transition to light wood framing in Rocky Mountain agricultural buildings. This transformation, a real revolution in local design and construction, relates to the larger history of American architecture in the western United States, and it led to the broad diversification of farm building forms and types in the Northern Rockies.
{"title":"Light on the Land: Construction Revolution in Farm Buildings of the Northern Rockies, 1890–1910","authors":"M. Conrad","doi":"10.5749/BUILDLAND.24.2.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/BUILDLAND.24.2.0058","url":null,"abstract":"In the twenty years surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, the form and character of agricultural buildings in the Northern Rockies and the construction methods used to build them changed dramatically. This essay focuses on the Gallatin Valley of southwestern Montana to explore the nature and meaning of these changes. It places them within the context of the region's growth and development during its early agricultural settlement, which coincided with a period of tremendous advances in agricultural practices. The earliest Euro-American buildings in the region (1862 to the 1880s) reflect typical frontier construction, with logs the predominant material due to the plentiful local pine and fir and the limited tools available. However, this construction method presented structural limitations when the need for larger buildings arose due to regional economic development. Lacking other alternatives, farmers and stock growers put their faith in light balloon frame construction, although many of them had little experience with this method, particularly for sizable buildings. The demand for larger and more complex buildings spurred the introduction and subsequent adoption of an essentially new architecture. High elevation, climate, and the forces of national economic markets were the principal factors that influenced the rapid transition to light wood framing in Rocky Mountain agricultural buildings. This transformation, a real revolution in local design and construction, relates to the larger history of American architecture in the western United States, and it led to the broad diversification of farm building forms and types in the Northern Rockies.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"58 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90429047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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