Pub Date : 2020-08-22DOI: 10.5749/buildland.27.1.0046
Stephanie Frank
abstract:Kansas City's film row district was once a vital node in the national network for film distribution. Although historians have examined the spaces of film production (namely Hollywood) as well as of film exhibition (movie theaters), the spaces of distribution have not received much scholarly attention, despite the fact that the film industry depended on them for success. Examining Kansas City's extant film row buildings helps frame the role these spaces served in the nascent film industry and its distribution practices. Moreover, they also serve as a means to understand the role of national networks on local landscapes. In this instance, a national network shaped not only film but also the development of Kansas City as an urban center. The collapse of the business model that created film row districts and advancements in technology led to a period of decline and then abandonment. Kansas City's film row district is now in the midst of revitalization in concert with larger trends in reimagining former industrial places into areas for consumption.
{"title":"Industrial Networks and Urban Development: Kansas City's Film Row District and National Film Distribution","authors":"Stephanie Frank","doi":"10.5749/buildland.27.1.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.27.1.0046","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Kansas City's film row district was once a vital node in the national network for film distribution. Although historians have examined the spaces of film production (namely Hollywood) as well as of film exhibition (movie theaters), the spaces of distribution have not received much scholarly attention, despite the fact that the film industry depended on them for success. Examining Kansas City's extant film row buildings helps frame the role these spaces served in the nascent film industry and its distribution practices. Moreover, they also serve as a means to understand the role of national networks on local landscapes. In this instance, a national network shaped not only film but also the development of Kansas City as an urban center. The collapse of the business model that created film row districts and advancements in technology led to a period of decline and then abandonment. Kansas City's film row district is now in the midst of revitalization in concert with larger trends in reimagining former industrial places into areas for consumption.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87929953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5749/buildland.27.1.bm
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.5749/buildland.27.1.bm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.27.1.bm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88723259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.5749/buildland.26.2.0001
Cynthia G. Falk
{"title":"Viewpoint: Mi Casa or Su Casa: U.S. Influence on Domestic Architecture in Northern Honduras","authors":"Cynthia G. Falk","doi":"10.5749/buildland.26.2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.26.2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87201180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.5749/buildland.26.2.0017
Zachary J. Violette
Abstract:This article explores varieties of multifamily housing types in the textile production landscape of northern New England in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Using the Sand Hill neighborhood of the small industrial city of Augusta, Maine, as a case study, it explores the role of French Canadian immigrants as builders and their choice of building types that deviated from more recognized forms such as the three-decker and company house. Instead, these builders chose comparatively unusual and decidedly informal kitchen-focused plans with exterior circulation in both new construction and conversion of older single-family houses. Building on fieldwork and research based on archival sources, this paper elucidates some of the ways in which these plans responded to distinct cultural preferences and explores the financial motivations and methods for their construction.
{"title":"Plans and Priorities: Multifamily Housing Types and French Canadian Builders in Northern New England, 1890–1950","authors":"Zachary J. Violette","doi":"10.5749/buildland.26.2.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.26.2.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores varieties of multifamily housing types in the textile production landscape of northern New England in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Using the Sand Hill neighborhood of the small industrial city of Augusta, Maine, as a case study, it explores the role of French Canadian immigrants as builders and their choice of building types that deviated from more recognized forms such as the three-decker and company house. Instead, these builders chose comparatively unusual and decidedly informal kitchen-focused plans with exterior circulation in both new construction and conversion of older single-family houses. Building on fieldwork and research based on archival sources, this paper elucidates some of the ways in which these plans responded to distinct cultural preferences and explores the financial motivations and methods for their construction.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73501391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.5749/buildland.26.2.0043
B. Goldstein
Abstract:This article explores the rehabilitation of a tenement block of Harlem's West 114th Street in the late 1960s in order to examine the nature of housing rehabilitation as a common architectural practice in the aftermath of midcentury urban renewal. Rehabilitation became an antidote to renewal's human and architectural costs by promising the retention of buildings and the people who inhabited them. Sponsors intended the West 114th Street project to be a model for such approaches, generating extensive documentation in a book, documentary film, and local and national press. Yet a close reading of the project and this multimedia record suggests a more complex—and often fraught—history of rehabilitation. Despite promising to pursue architectural and social interventions equally on a block struggling with poverty and drug addiction, backers came to prioritize the physical at the expense of the social. Moreover, in their drive to showcase the architectural transformation that provided the most compelling images of this as a model project, rehab supporters espoused a physically determinist view that architectural change was itself enough to solve difficult socioeconomic challenges. Rehabilitation thus ultimately repeated many of urban renewal's mistakes, leaving residents still struggling in homes whose physical improvements proved fleeting.
{"title":"Rehabbing Housing, Rehabbing People: West 114th Street and the Failed Promise of Housing Rehabilitation","authors":"B. Goldstein","doi":"10.5749/buildland.26.2.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.26.2.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the rehabilitation of a tenement block of Harlem's West 114th Street in the late 1960s in order to examine the nature of housing rehabilitation as a common architectural practice in the aftermath of midcentury urban renewal. Rehabilitation became an antidote to renewal's human and architectural costs by promising the retention of buildings and the people who inhabited them. Sponsors intended the West 114th Street project to be a model for such approaches, generating extensive documentation in a book, documentary film, and local and national press. Yet a close reading of the project and this multimedia record suggests a more complex—and often fraught—history of rehabilitation. Despite promising to pursue architectural and social interventions equally on a block struggling with poverty and drug addiction, backers came to prioritize the physical at the expense of the social. Moreover, in their drive to showcase the architectural transformation that provided the most compelling images of this as a model project, rehab supporters espoused a physically determinist view that architectural change was itself enough to solve difficult socioeconomic challenges. Rehabilitation thus ultimately repeated many of urban renewal's mistakes, leaving residents still struggling in homes whose physical improvements proved fleeting.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84305403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.5749/buildland.26.2.0098
Brent R. Fortenberry
{"title":"Research Notes: Digital Documentation in Vernacular Architecture Studies","authors":"Brent R. Fortenberry","doi":"10.5749/buildland.26.2.0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.26.2.0098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80644299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-15DOI: 10.5749/buildland.26.2.0073
Andrea Roberts
Abstract:Angel David Nieves and Leslie M. Alexander's We Shall Independent Be (2008), which contemplated the relationship between American ideals such as freedom and black space creation, advanced the validity of vernacular African American placemaking and architecture as a by-product of protest, cultural expression, and intentional design. Despite this, few scholars have focused on related rural African American building and preservation practices as expressions of a continuous freedom struggle and diasporic search for home. Through observation of African American grassroots preservationists, this essay argues for increased attention to rural grassroots homestead preservation. From 1865 to 1920, former slaves founded more than 557 "freedom colonies" across Texas. Ethnographic and archival research conducted within Newton County freedom colonies demonstrates that descendants, regardless of residency status, have sustained place attachments and nurtured stewardship of homesteads through heritage conservation, rehabilitation, and family property retention. Rehabilitation activities in two settlements, Shankleville and Pleasant Hill, show the relationship between intangible heritage and descendants' landscape stewardship practices. The concept, called here the homeplace aesthetic, illuminates descendants' preservation methods, resilience strategies, and stylistic preferences as unrecognized dimensions of significance and integrity. The concept of a homeplace aesthetic also explains descendants' concurrent negotiation—through subversion and assimilation—of the racialized landscape and regulatory environment, with important implications for preservation documentation and legal regulations.
{"title":"\"Until the Lord Come Get Me, It Burn Down, Or the Next Storm Blow It Away\": The Aesthetics of Freedom in African American Vernacular Homestead Preservation","authors":"Andrea Roberts","doi":"10.5749/buildland.26.2.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.26.2.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Angel David Nieves and Leslie M. Alexander's We Shall Independent Be (2008), which contemplated the relationship between American ideals such as freedom and black space creation, advanced the validity of vernacular African American placemaking and architecture as a by-product of protest, cultural expression, and intentional design. Despite this, few scholars have focused on related rural African American building and preservation practices as expressions of a continuous freedom struggle and diasporic search for home. Through observation of African American grassroots preservationists, this essay argues for increased attention to rural grassroots homestead preservation. From 1865 to 1920, former slaves founded more than 557 \"freedom colonies\" across Texas. Ethnographic and archival research conducted within Newton County freedom colonies demonstrates that descendants, regardless of residency status, have sustained place attachments and nurtured stewardship of homesteads through heritage conservation, rehabilitation, and family property retention. Rehabilitation activities in two settlements, Shankleville and Pleasant Hill, show the relationship between intangible heritage and descendants' landscape stewardship practices. The concept, called here the homeplace aesthetic, illuminates descendants' preservation methods, resilience strategies, and stylistic preferences as unrecognized dimensions of significance and integrity. The concept of a homeplace aesthetic also explains descendants' concurrent negotiation—through subversion and assimilation—of the racialized landscape and regulatory environment, with important implications for preservation documentation and legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90345360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ANDREA R ROBERTS, Avigail Sachs, Brent R. Fortenberry, B. Goldstein, Cristina Stancioiu, Cynthia G. Falk, J. M. Lord, L. Rainville, Paula Lupkin, R. Cowherd, Weiju Zhao, Zachary J. Violette
Abstract:Angel David Nieves and Leslie M. Alexander's We Shall Independent Be (2008), which contemplated the relationship between American ideals such as freedom and black space creation, advanced the validity of vernacular African American placemaking and architecture as a by-product of protest, cultural expression, and intentional design. Despite this, few scholars have focused on related rural African American building and preservation practices as expressions of a continuous freedom struggle and diasporic search for home. Through observation of African American grassroots preservationists, this essay argues for increased attention to rural grassroots homestead preservation. From 1865 to 1920, former slaves founded more than 557 "freedom colonies" across Texas. Ethnographic and archival research conducted within Newton County freedom colonies demonstrates that descendants, regardless of residency status, have sustained place attachments and nurtured stewardship of homesteads through heritage conservation, rehabilitation, and family property retention. Rehabilitation activities in two settlements, Shankleville and Pleasant Hill, show the relationship between intangible heritage and descendants' landscape stewardship practices. The concept, called here the homeplace aesthetic, illuminates descendants' preservation methods, resilience strategies, and stylistic preferences as unrecognized dimensions of significance and integrity. The concept of a homeplace aesthetic also explains descendants' concurrent negotiation—through subversion and assimilation—of the racialized landscape and regulatory environment, with important implications for preservation documentation and legal regulations.
{"title":"List of Editors: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture and Buildings & Landscapes","authors":"ANDREA R ROBERTS, Avigail Sachs, Brent R. Fortenberry, B. Goldstein, Cristina Stancioiu, Cynthia G. Falk, J. M. Lord, L. Rainville, Paula Lupkin, R. Cowherd, Weiju Zhao, Zachary J. Violette","doi":"10.1353/bdl.2019.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bdl.2019.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Angel David Nieves and Leslie M. Alexander's We Shall Independent Be (2008), which contemplated the relationship between American ideals such as freedom and black space creation, advanced the validity of vernacular African American placemaking and architecture as a by-product of protest, cultural expression, and intentional design. Despite this, few scholars have focused on related rural African American building and preservation practices as expressions of a continuous freedom struggle and diasporic search for home. Through observation of African American grassroots preservationists, this essay argues for increased attention to rural grassroots homestead preservation. From 1865 to 1920, former slaves founded more than 557 \"freedom colonies\" across Texas. Ethnographic and archival research conducted within Newton County freedom colonies demonstrates that descendants, regardless of residency status, have sustained place attachments and nurtured stewardship of homesteads through heritage conservation, rehabilitation, and family property retention. Rehabilitation activities in two settlements, Shankleville and Pleasant Hill, show the relationship between intangible heritage and descendants' landscape stewardship practices. The concept, called here the homeplace aesthetic, illuminates descendants' preservation methods, resilience strategies, and stylistic preferences as unrecognized dimensions of significance and integrity. The concept of a homeplace aesthetic also explains descendants' concurrent negotiation—through subversion and assimilation—of the racialized landscape and regulatory environment, with important implications for preservation documentation and legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72668599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-16DOI: 10.5749/buildland.26.1.0073
E. Stiles
ABSTRACT:In the 1940s and early 1950s, the American home-building industry embarked on a period of intensive design and planning experimentation as they endeavored to produce faster, cheaper, and better-quality homes for lower income segments of the housing market than it had ever served before. Builders across the country engaged in robust design discourse, networks of design exchange, and campaigns of informal design research to produce what they termed “economy houses,” or homes within the financial reach of the nation’s lower-middle-class or working-class wage earners. Period builders experimented with modern and modular design, streamlined production processes, and cooperative building to create increasingly efficient and inexpensive economy houses. The results of their efforts reflect the building community’s design acumen as well as the complex political economy of period housing development that guided builders’ product development and design thinking. Joint examination of builders’ products and industry design discourse reveal how the home-building industry’s experimentation with economy housing simultaneously advanced the modernization of the building industry and reinforced its arguments in support of free markets, unfettered housing production, and private-sector building as the best answer to America’s housing needs.
{"title":"No Simple Dwelling: Design, Politics, and the Mid-Twentieth-Century American Economy House","authors":"E. Stiles","doi":"10.5749/buildland.26.1.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/buildland.26.1.0073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the 1940s and early 1950s, the American home-building industry embarked on a period of intensive design and planning experimentation as they endeavored to produce faster, cheaper, and better-quality homes for lower income segments of the housing market than it had ever served before. Builders across the country engaged in robust design discourse, networks of design exchange, and campaigns of informal design research to produce what they termed “economy houses,” or homes within the financial reach of the nation’s lower-middle-class or working-class wage earners. Period builders experimented with modern and modular design, streamlined production processes, and cooperative building to create increasingly efficient and inexpensive economy houses. The results of their efforts reflect the building community’s design acumen as well as the complex political economy of period housing development that guided builders’ product development and design thinking. Joint examination of builders’ products and industry design discourse reveal how the home-building industry’s experimentation with economy housing simultaneously advanced the modernization of the building industry and reinforced its arguments in support of free markets, unfettered housing production, and private-sector building as the best answer to America’s housing needs.","PeriodicalId":41826,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & Landscapes-Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85155137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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