Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2165277
A. Hammann
ABSTRACT For decades, historians of slavery have grappled with an interpretive constraint. Despite a conviction that the past is as complex as the present, we have operated, to a significant degree, on the simplifying premise that historical attitudes toward enslavement were either antislavery or proslavery—in modified form, immediatist/gradualist or perpetualist. These binary frames have undermined our efforts to write about, and in some ways to discern, attitudes that fell in the ambivalent middle. Through a case study of Henry Clay, one of the most influential politicians operating in this middle range, this article argues for the adoption of a new term, eventualism, that describes one of the most common expressions of ambivalence: declaring opposition to slavery while insisting that, for the sake of the Union, it be left alone and allowed to follow a natural course to extinction. By illustrating the benefits of a refined interpretive approach, immediatism-gradualism-eventualism-perpetualism, along with the benefits of certain interpretive principles that, if more widely adopted, will clarify and enhance inter-scholarly engagements, this article seeks to encourage and enable historians to continue the important work of explicating how and why many Americans, predominantly white Americans, espoused attitudes with significant internal tensions.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161453
Evan Turiano
The reader is left wanting to see the comparison drawn out further. The result is that references to the 1822 uprising feel somewhat tacked on in order to make certain essays relevant to the volume, whereas their purpose is to demonstrate longer and interconnected legacies of resistance across time and place. Another reason to read the essays together is that the anthology lets interpretation of evidence that conflicts between authors stand with no explanation or contextualization of the differences, leaving the reader to critically compare accounts and derive their own conclusions. Sometimes these conflicting interpretations of a single detail can lead to vastly different takes on the uprising. For example, Bernard Powers claims Vesey may have been born on St. Thomas, and that his proximity to (and subsequent brief residence in) Haiti enabled him to make contacts with Haiti’s Black residents and absorb revolutionary values; in contrast, Spady asserts Vesey may have been Kormantse, hailing from the Ghanaian coast or further inland, and thus drew uponWest African politics and culture in his articulation and organization of collective rebellion. Spady cites evidence that Vesey was then taken to the Caribbean as a teenager and purchased by Joseph Vesey in St. Thomas before briefly residing in Haiti, then Charleston. Powers gives heavy weight to the Haitian influence on the 1822 uprising; Spady names it as one among many influences that might have inspired a few resistors. Readers are left to discern what to take from these interpretations. The editor or authors could have noted such contradictions by referencing the murky and fragmented nature of the archives, as Robert Paquette’s essay does, to demonstrate that the available evidence points to either of these birthplaces. In all, Fugitive Movements is a timely and necessary collection that adeptly interweaves historical scholarship and memory studies to advance understanding of the long legacy of Black resistance evident in the 1822 uprising and the Black freedom struggles that have endured to this day.
{"title":"The Antebellum Origins of the Modern Constitution: Slavery and the Spirit of the American Founding","authors":"Evan Turiano","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161453","url":null,"abstract":"The reader is left wanting to see the comparison drawn out further. The result is that references to the 1822 uprising feel somewhat tacked on in order to make certain essays relevant to the volume, whereas their purpose is to demonstrate longer and interconnected legacies of resistance across time and place. Another reason to read the essays together is that the anthology lets interpretation of evidence that conflicts between authors stand with no explanation or contextualization of the differences, leaving the reader to critically compare accounts and derive their own conclusions. Sometimes these conflicting interpretations of a single detail can lead to vastly different takes on the uprising. For example, Bernard Powers claims Vesey may have been born on St. Thomas, and that his proximity to (and subsequent brief residence in) Haiti enabled him to make contacts with Haiti’s Black residents and absorb revolutionary values; in contrast, Spady asserts Vesey may have been Kormantse, hailing from the Ghanaian coast or further inland, and thus drew uponWest African politics and culture in his articulation and organization of collective rebellion. Spady cites evidence that Vesey was then taken to the Caribbean as a teenager and purchased by Joseph Vesey in St. Thomas before briefly residing in Haiti, then Charleston. Powers gives heavy weight to the Haitian influence on the 1822 uprising; Spady names it as one among many influences that might have inspired a few resistors. Readers are left to discern what to take from these interpretations. The editor or authors could have noted such contradictions by referencing the murky and fragmented nature of the archives, as Robert Paquette’s essay does, to demonstrate that the available evidence points to either of these birthplaces. In all, Fugitive Movements is a timely and necessary collection that adeptly interweaves historical scholarship and memory studies to advance understanding of the long legacy of Black resistance evident in the 1822 uprising and the Black freedom struggles that have endured to this day.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"315 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41604683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2167296
Matthew Hill
ABSTRACT Prior to the passage in 1862 of the Homestead Act, much of the West was settled by squatters—settlers with no legal claim to the land they lived and worked on but who claimed it as their own. They often used democratically elected claims associations to facilitate their expansion into the West, and while they were not directly connected to the U.S. state, also cannot be thought of as completely separate from it. Like filibusters and conspirators, they sought to advance what they perceived as American interests, although they were not officially sanctioned to do so by the federal government.
{"title":"“They are not surpassed … by an equal number of citizens of any equal country in the world”: squatter society in the American West","authors":"Matthew Hill","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2167296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2167296","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior to the passage in 1862 of the Homestead Act, much of the West was settled by squatters—settlers with no legal claim to the land they lived and worked on but who claimed it as their own. They often used democratically elected claims associations to facilitate their expansion into the West, and while they were not directly connected to the U.S. state, also cannot be thought of as completely separate from it. Like filibusters and conspirators, they sought to advance what they perceived as American interests, although they were not officially sanctioned to do so by the federal government.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"271 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47385931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161564
Kathryn B. Mckee
{"title":"The Princess of Albemarle: Amélie Rives, Author and Celebrity at the Fin de Siècle","authors":"Kathryn B. Mckee","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"326 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44238407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161520
Jared Asser
{"title":"My Work Among the Freedmen: The Civil War and Reconstruction Letters of Harriet M. Buss","authors":"Jared Asser","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"322 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161452
Kelly L Schmidt
{"title":"Fugitive Movements: Commemorating the Denmark Vesey Affair and Black Radical Antislavery in the Atlantic World","authors":"Kelly L Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"314 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47375624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161470
Rachael Pasierowska
Railroad communities of these two cities. All in all, Broyld’s work furthers Black diasporic studies and the historiography of nineteenth-century African American history. His extensive usage of primary sources unearths the lives of African Americans and offers greater insight into their experiences in these two cities. The U.S.-Canadian border was not a rigid line of division but a fluid entity which enabled Blacks to manipulate borders and exercise greater autonomy to ameliorate their lives. Borderland Blacks sheds light on the ways in which transnational identities and relationships were maintained and upheld in the hopes of collective liberation for Blacks. Broyld’s research also underscores the need for further investigation into the international dynamics of the Underground Railroad and the freedom networks beyond Canada.
{"title":"A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House","authors":"Rachael Pasierowska","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161470","url":null,"abstract":"Railroad communities of these two cities. All in all, Broyld’s work furthers Black diasporic studies and the historiography of nineteenth-century African American history. His extensive usage of primary sources unearths the lives of African Americans and offers greater insight into their experiences in these two cities. The U.S.-Canadian border was not a rigid line of division but a fluid entity which enabled Blacks to manipulate borders and exercise greater autonomy to ameliorate their lives. Borderland Blacks sheds light on the ways in which transnational identities and relationships were maintained and upheld in the hopes of collective liberation for Blacks. Broyld’s research also underscores the need for further investigation into the international dynamics of the Underground Railroad and the freedom networks beyond Canada.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"319 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48099587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161449
K. Jones
from, white Europe. Despite Verney’s insights into the American imperial machine, the benefits of this system for white people are little explicated. Sometimes the discussion hints at middleand upperclass enthusiasm for imperialism, though beyond exploring popular engagement Verney does not extrapolate the economic rewards of empire for these classes and is comfortable with leaning on his bibliography for such claims. More could also be said on competing conceptions of empire within the United States. The culmination of Verney’s account tells us how the U.S. secured the respect of other imperial nations, particularly through Arctic exploration and the search for Sir John Franklin, but there is little acknowledgement of dissent, at times tantalizingly hinted at, against a U.S. eager to spread its mastery across the globe. What is nonetheless clear, whatever refuge one took in empire, it was only available to those who were white, and though Verney explores various imperial motivations there emerges a shared and dynamic framework that made sense of the world through a white gaze. Whether the pretensions were genteel or democratic, scientific or commercial, proslavery or antislavery, Verney’s account of antebellum maritime exploration offers a novel and intriguing investigation into an American collective imagination that was fundamentally imperial.
来自白色欧洲。尽管Verney对美国的帝国机器有深刻的见解，但这种制度对白人的好处却很少被阐明。有时，讨论暗示了中上层阶级对帝国主义的热情，尽管除了探索大众参与之外，Verney并没有推断帝国对这些阶级的经济回报，并且很乐意依靠他的参考书目来证明这种说法。在美国内部，关于帝国的不同概念也有很多可说的。凡尼的故事的高潮部分告诉我们，美国是如何获得其他帝国主义国家的尊重的，尤其是通过北极探险和寻找约翰·富兰克林爵士(Sir John Franklin)，但书中几乎没有承认反对美国渴望在全球范围内扩张其统治地位的异议，这些异议有时会引人入胜地暗示出来。尽管如此，显而易见的是，无论一个人在帝国中得到了什么庇护，它只适用于那些白人，尽管凡尼探索了各种帝国动机，但还是出现了一个共享的、动态的框架，通过白人的目光来理解世界。无论这些主张是文雅的还是民主的，是科学的还是商业的，是支持奴隶制的还是反对奴隶制的，凡尼对战前海上探险的描述，都为美国人的集体想象提供了一种新颖而有趣的调查，这种想象基本上是帝国主义的。
{"title":"Scars on the Land: An Environmental History of Slavery in the American South","authors":"K. Jones","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161449","url":null,"abstract":"from, white Europe. Despite Verney’s insights into the American imperial machine, the benefits of this system for white people are little explicated. Sometimes the discussion hints at middleand upperclass enthusiasm for imperialism, though beyond exploring popular engagement Verney does not extrapolate the economic rewards of empire for these classes and is comfortable with leaning on his bibliography for such claims. More could also be said on competing conceptions of empire within the United States. The culmination of Verney’s account tells us how the U.S. secured the respect of other imperial nations, particularly through Arctic exploration and the search for Sir John Franklin, but there is little acknowledgement of dissent, at times tantalizingly hinted at, against a U.S. eager to spread its mastery across the globe. What is nonetheless clear, whatever refuge one took in empire, it was only available to those who were white, and though Verney explores various imperial motivations there emerges a shared and dynamic framework that made sense of the world through a white gaze. Whether the pretensions were genteel or democratic, scientific or commercial, proslavery or antislavery, Verney’s account of antebellum maritime exploration offers a novel and intriguing investigation into an American collective imagination that was fundamentally imperial.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"312 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46834871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2165291
Natalie A. Zacek, M. Mason
{"title":"Letter from the editors","authors":"Natalie A. Zacek, M. Mason","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2165291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2165291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"227 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41468549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2161444
S. Grant
{"title":"The sense of the margin","authors":"S. Grant","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2161444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2161444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"303 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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