Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2077610
G. W. Jones
ABSTRACT This article explores how some preachers in the loyal border slave states – Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware – endorsed the Union throughout the American Civil War. A comparative analysis of their sermons reveals that they often espoused themes compelled by the region’s unique cultural and geopolitical context, a phenomenon that the author terms “rhetorical indigenisation.” These “local” leitmotifs de-Northernised Unionism by emphasizing the border’s mediating potential, by stressing the transcendent covenantal obligations of all Americans, and by making fidelity a fulfilment of Southern ideals like honour, masculinity, and paternalism. Above all, such sermonic responses displayed an unyielding conservatism that rejected the immoderation of both North and South.
{"title":"Between Scylla and Charybdis: religion and the meaning of Union in the border states, 1861–1865","authors":"G. W. Jones","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2077610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2077610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores how some preachers in the loyal border slave states – Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware – endorsed the Union throughout the American Civil War. A comparative analysis of their sermons reveals that they often espoused themes compelled by the region’s unique cultural and geopolitical context, a phenomenon that the author terms “rhetorical indigenisation.” These “local” leitmotifs de-Northernised Unionism by emphasizing the border’s mediating potential, by stressing the transcendent covenantal obligations of all Americans, and by making fidelity a fulfilment of Southern ideals like honour, masculinity, and paternalism. Above all, such sermonic responses displayed an unyielding conservatism that rejected the immoderation of both North and South.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"41 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2088985
David Brown
Readers of this journal are well aware that the study of the American Civil War has taken a global turn in the past two decades – some of them, indeed, have led the way. The internationalization of the field has been a welcome development in U.S. historiography in the twenty-first century in general and for good reason the Civil War has been at its forefront. Abraham Lincoln consistently emphasized the war’s transnational significance, of course, perhaps never more eloquently than in this famous line from his annual message to Congress in December 1862: “We shall nobly save, or meanly lose, the last best hope of earth.” At first, transnational scholarship concentrated on the ways in which the war’s politics played out on the international stage, asking an old question: what was the impact of the conflict overseas? Answers concerned previously marginalized groups and, in particular, working men seeking representative forms of governance at home. Placing secession and Confederate nation-building in comparative perspective with other separatist movements was especially popular. The field of inquiry expanded beyond narrow diplomatic channels and high politics that characterized the prior work of foreign policy historians but remained within the realm of the masculine and the political (and still does). The gaze outwards from North America also turned the other way as developments beyond U.S. borders have been shown to influence domestic history in significant ways, providing a more holistic understanding of America’s conflict. The Atlantic World features prominently in the Civil War’s global turn and there is a strong case to be made that the war had the greatest impact there. The four books under review
{"title":"The transatlantic war: Britain and the American Civil War revisited","authors":"David Brown","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2088985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2088985","url":null,"abstract":"Readers of this journal are well aware that the study of the American Civil War has taken a global turn in the past two decades – some of them, indeed, have led the way. The internationalization of the field has been a welcome development in U.S. historiography in the twenty-first century in general and for good reason the Civil War has been at its forefront. Abraham Lincoln consistently emphasized the war’s transnational significance, of course, perhaps never more eloquently than in this famous line from his annual message to Congress in December 1862: “We shall nobly save, or meanly lose, the last best hope of earth.” At first, transnational scholarship concentrated on the ways in which the war’s politics played out on the international stage, asking an old question: what was the impact of the conflict overseas? Answers concerned previously marginalized groups and, in particular, working men seeking representative forms of governance at home. Placing secession and Confederate nation-building in comparative perspective with other separatist movements was especially popular. The field of inquiry expanded beyond narrow diplomatic channels and high politics that characterized the prior work of foreign policy historians but remained within the realm of the masculine and the political (and still does). The gaze outwards from North America also turned the other way as developments beyond U.S. borders have been shown to influence domestic history in significant ways, providing a more holistic understanding of America’s conflict. The Atlantic World features prominently in the Civil War’s global turn and there is a strong case to be made that the war had the greatest impact there. The four books under review","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"93 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46387214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2073723
D. R. Egerton
in the pages of the Times and Whitman’s evolving antislavery rhetoric, or the ways Whitman’s interest in masculine physiology, pugilism, and the health of the republic in the Atlas presaged the themes of “Calamus.” Nevertheless, Grant’s book offers a deep and thought-provoking analysis of the debt that Walt Whitman’s transcendent vision owed to the partisan rhetoric of his era. It will prove valuable to Whitman scholars and beyond.
{"title":"The Cacophony of Politics: Northern Democrats and the American Civil War","authors":"D. R. Egerton","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2073723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2073723","url":null,"abstract":"in the pages of the Times and Whitman’s evolving antislavery rhetoric, or the ways Whitman’s interest in masculine physiology, pugilism, and the health of the republic in the Atlas presaged the themes of “Calamus.” Nevertheless, Grant’s book offers a deep and thought-provoking analysis of the debt that Walt Whitman’s transcendent vision owed to the partisan rhetoric of his era. It will prove valuable to Whitman scholars and beyond.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"113 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2073726
Jasmin Bath
through warfare was a longstanding element of Choctaw culture, but one that had been largely impossible for much of the nineteenth century. Fighting in the Civil War, then, offered Choctaw men an opportunity to fight as their ancestors had done and to carry on an important cultural tradition. Yarbrough concludes the book with an analysis of the aftershocks of the U.S. Civil War in the Choctaw Nation. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to Indian Territory, the surrender of the Confederacy allowed the U.S. to demand the abolition of slavery within the Nation. Nonetheless, Choctaws resisted this demand for decades, asserting their sovereign right to deny newly-freed Black people rights or land within the Nation. Yarbrough thus finds that Reconstruction in the West also worked differently than in the South. Where southern elites tried their best to bind Black people to the land, Choctaws sought instead to remove them completely. Yarbrough tells a compelling story throughout Choctaw Confederates, but one that leans heavily on Choctaw elites as representatives of the Nation as a whole. This is most prominent in the early chapters, where it remains unclear whether the Choctaw National Council’s laws were the aspirational demands of a small group of slaveholding elites or representative of the desires of the Nation’s population more broadly. In a related vein, Yarbrough’s careful study of those who signed up to fight invites questions about the lives of those who chose not to or, in the case of Choctaw women, could not. These questions are, however, for other scholars to take on. Choctaw Confederates is a highly impressive book that breaks important new ground both in the history of the Choctaw Nation and Native American nations’ participation in the U.S. Civil War more broadly. Specialists on the Civil War, American slavery, and Native American history will find it essential reading, but Yarbrough’s lucid prose also makes this book easily assignable in advanced undergraduate classes.
{"title":"Upon the Altar of Work: Child Labor and the Rise of a New American Sectionalism","authors":"Jasmin Bath","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2073726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2073726","url":null,"abstract":"through warfare was a longstanding element of Choctaw culture, but one that had been largely impossible for much of the nineteenth century. Fighting in the Civil War, then, offered Choctaw men an opportunity to fight as their ancestors had done and to carry on an important cultural tradition. Yarbrough concludes the book with an analysis of the aftershocks of the U.S. Civil War in the Choctaw Nation. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to Indian Territory, the surrender of the Confederacy allowed the U.S. to demand the abolition of slavery within the Nation. Nonetheless, Choctaws resisted this demand for decades, asserting their sovereign right to deny newly-freed Black people rights or land within the Nation. Yarbrough thus finds that Reconstruction in the West also worked differently than in the South. Where southern elites tried their best to bind Black people to the land, Choctaws sought instead to remove them completely. Yarbrough tells a compelling story throughout Choctaw Confederates, but one that leans heavily on Choctaw elites as representatives of the Nation as a whole. This is most prominent in the early chapters, where it remains unclear whether the Choctaw National Council’s laws were the aspirational demands of a small group of slaveholding elites or representative of the desires of the Nation’s population more broadly. In a related vein, Yarbrough’s careful study of those who signed up to fight invites questions about the lives of those who chose not to or, in the case of Choctaw women, could not. These questions are, however, for other scholars to take on. Choctaw Confederates is a highly impressive book that breaks important new ground both in the history of the Choctaw Nation and Native American nations’ participation in the U.S. Civil War more broadly. Specialists on the Civil War, American slavery, and Native American history will find it essential reading, but Yarbrough’s lucid prose also makes this book easily assignable in advanced undergraduate classes.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"116 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47757471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2072509
Ian Iverson, J. Morrison
ABSTRACT During the antebellum period, the faculty of the University of Virginia (UVA) shifted from depending on slavery in private life to advocating for the institution as public intellectuals. When UVA opened in March 1825, Thomas Jefferson hoped that the University would bolster Virginia’s national standing and disseminate his vision of republican government. Although the institution depended on enslaved labour from its inception, Jefferson’s lingering influence contributed to some professors’ misgivings over slavery’s morality and a broader reticence to defend the system publicly. Academic currents and political sentiments began to shift in Virginia after Nat Turner’s Rebellion in 1831. Even as many of their peers openly advocated for slavery, establishing its defence as the defining feature of Southern education, UVA’s professors hesitated. Coming under increasing pressure from the public and its student body, the University changed tack after the Crisis of 1850, hiring a series of fiercely proslavery and pro-Southern professors. Sweeping away the vestiges of Jefferson’s republican ideology, and its comparative ambivalence towards slavery, these faculty members emphasized inequality and hierarchy, praising slavery as the central feature of a well-ordered society.
{"title":"From Jeffersonian Republicanism to Southern nationalism: faculty engagement with proslavery thought at the University of Virginia, 1825–1861","authors":"Ian Iverson, J. Morrison","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2072509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2072509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the antebellum period, the faculty of the University of Virginia (UVA) shifted from depending on slavery in private life to advocating for the institution as public intellectuals. When UVA opened in March 1825, Thomas Jefferson hoped that the University would bolster Virginia’s national standing and disseminate his vision of republican government. Although the institution depended on enslaved labour from its inception, Jefferson’s lingering influence contributed to some professors’ misgivings over slavery’s morality and a broader reticence to defend the system publicly. Academic currents and political sentiments began to shift in Virginia after Nat Turner’s Rebellion in 1831. Even as many of their peers openly advocated for slavery, establishing its defence as the defining feature of Southern education, UVA’s professors hesitated. Coming under increasing pressure from the public and its student body, the University changed tack after the Crisis of 1850, hiring a series of fiercely proslavery and pro-Southern professors. Sweeping away the vestiges of Jefferson’s republican ideology, and its comparative ambivalence towards slavery, these faculty members emphasized inequality and hierarchy, praising slavery as the central feature of a well-ordered society.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"21 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41790128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2072474
Vivien M. L. Miller
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when caustic and corrosive substances such as concentrated sulphuric acid or carbolic acid were easily available. Acid was extremely portable, as bottles and syringes could be successfully concealed in coat and skirt pockets. Throwing, squirting, spraying, or pouring acid was a fairly accurate means of harming specific areas of the body or damaging clothing. Vitriol throwers often deliberately aimed at their victim’s face and eyes to ensure permanent facial disfigurement. Most American acid assaults were by lone operators with a very specific target and motivation, and the woman consumed by jealousy and bent on revenge dominated popular understandings of acid crime. Vitriol throwing was a very specific form of female vigilantism in this period, but it was not an exclusively female practice. Most news and crime reports centred on attacks on public streets and in public institutions, which generated intense fear and anxiety and recurring moral panics over public safety in urban-industrial America, particularly when male serial “Jacks” were at large. Overall, the public, press, and courts demonstrated considered antipathy and ambivalence toward vitriol offences, offenders, and victims as illustrated by the controversial Petrie-Rozelle case in 1880s California.
{"title":"Vitriol throwing in Victorian America","authors":"Vivien M. L. Miller","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2072474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2072474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when caustic and corrosive substances such as concentrated sulphuric acid or carbolic acid were easily available. Acid was extremely portable, as bottles and syringes could be successfully concealed in coat and skirt pockets. Throwing, squirting, spraying, or pouring acid was a fairly accurate means of harming specific areas of the body or damaging clothing. Vitriol throwers often deliberately aimed at their victim’s face and eyes to ensure permanent facial disfigurement. Most American acid assaults were by lone operators with a very specific target and motivation, and the woman consumed by jealousy and bent on revenge dominated popular understandings of acid crime. Vitriol throwing was a very specific form of female vigilantism in this period, but it was not an exclusively female practice. Most news and crime reports centred on attacks on public streets and in public institutions, which generated intense fear and anxiety and recurring moral panics over public safety in urban-industrial America, particularly when male serial “Jacks” were at large. Overall, the public, press, and courts demonstrated considered antipathy and ambivalence toward vitriol offences, offenders, and victims as illustrated by the controversial Petrie-Rozelle case in 1880s California.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"3 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2073720
A. Williams
From the mythical stories of Madoc to modern day Welsh heritage, this new book by Vivienne Sanders explores America ’ s Welsh connections through a number of key historical events. From skillful and successful Welsh emigres to slaveholding Confederates, this broad history argues that Welsh people were present at many pivotal moments in U.S. history. Each chapter engages with a signi fi cant development in American history and establishes a connec-tion to Wales through close engagement with secondary sources. More than that, this book provides the opportunity to better understand the transatlantic contribution of the Welsh and their personal stories.
{"title":"Wales, the Welsh and the Making of America","authors":"A. Williams","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2073720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2073720","url":null,"abstract":"From the mythical stories of Madoc to modern day Welsh heritage, this new book by Vivienne Sanders explores America ’ s Welsh connections through a number of key historical events. From skillful and successful Welsh emigres to slaveholding Confederates, this broad history argues that Welsh people were present at many pivotal moments in U.S. history. Each chapter engages with a signi fi cant development in American history and establishes a connec-tion to Wales through close engagement with secondary sources. More than that, this book provides the opportunity to better understand the transatlantic contribution of the Welsh and their personal stories.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"110 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44540047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2073712
Jennifer Monroe McCutchen
{"title":"Race, Removal, and the Right to Remain: Migration and the Making of the United States","authors":"Jennifer Monroe McCutchen","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2073712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2073712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"105 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41536409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2073725
Edward P. Green
{"title":"Choctaw Confederates: The American Civil War in Indian Country","authors":"Edward P. Green","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2073725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2073725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"115 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44074820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14664658.2022.2073718
M. Schute
under his command,” such as buying their freedom from Floridian slaveowners and issuing them with certificates of freedom (p. 64). One of the most engrossing sections of the book is Clavin’s analysis of one of these certificates, which reveals the very real ways these fugitives gained freedom through the Colonial Marines. The Battle of Negro Fort is a necessary contribution to scholarly understanding of colonial Florida’s relationship with the United States. By establishing the intense anxiety that the Fort caused white settlers, Clavin’s book charts the end of “Florida serving as a sanctuary for fugitive slaves” (p. 121). Hopefully, this study can reignite scholarly interest in colonial Florida as a borderland that saw unique interactions between fugitives, settlers, and Native Americans.
{"title":"The Yellow Demon of Fever: Fighting Disease in the Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Slave Trade","authors":"M. Schute","doi":"10.1080/14664658.2022.2073718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2022.2073718","url":null,"abstract":"under his command,” such as buying their freedom from Floridian slaveowners and issuing them with certificates of freedom (p. 64). One of the most engrossing sections of the book is Clavin’s analysis of one of these certificates, which reveals the very real ways these fugitives gained freedom through the Colonial Marines. The Battle of Negro Fort is a necessary contribution to scholarly understanding of colonial Florida’s relationship with the United States. By establishing the intense anxiety that the Fort caused white settlers, Clavin’s book charts the end of “Florida serving as a sanctuary for fugitive slaves” (p. 121). Hopefully, this study can reignite scholarly interest in colonial Florida as a borderland that saw unique interactions between fugitives, settlers, and Native Americans.","PeriodicalId":41829,"journal":{"name":"American Nineteenth Century History","volume":"23 1","pages":"108 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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