E. Contreras-López, A. Muñoz-Jáuregui, B. Salvá-Ruiz
In this study, the stability of the sensory quality and viable mesophilic aerobic (AMV) counts of llama ground meat with the addition of sanky (Corryocactus brevistylus subsp. puquiensis (Rauh & Backeberg) Ostolaza) peel ultrasound-assisted extract (CES) was evaluated during storage at 5°C , the added extract volume was calculated to obtain a concentration of 60 mg PT / kg of llama ground meat. The instrumental parameters of color (L*, a*, b*), pH, AMV and sensory properties were determined during nine days. The samples without extract (CO) presented higher values of a* (redness) than the CES samples; however, the L* (luminosity) and b* (yellowness) values did not show significant differences for the CES treatment during storage. The color difference (ΔE0-9) during storage was greater for the CO treatment, indicating significant changes in color and odor that were perceived by consumers. The treatments did not show significant differences in the AMV count (p>0,05). In conclusion, the sanky peel ultrasound-assisted extract did not exhibit antimicrobial effects on llama ground meat; but it did help to maintain its color and odor during refrigerated storage.
{"title":"Evaluación del extracto de cáscara de sanky en la estabilidad de carne de LLama","authors":"E. Contreras-López, A. Muñoz-Jáuregui, B. Salvá-Ruiz","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.600","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the stability of the sensory quality and viable mesophilic aerobic (AMV) counts of llama ground meat with the addition of sanky (Corryocactus brevistylus subsp. puquiensis (Rauh & Backeberg) Ostolaza) peel ultrasound-assisted extract (CES) was evaluated during storage at 5°C , the added extract volume was calculated to obtain a concentration of 60 mg PT / kg of llama ground meat. The instrumental parameters of color (L*, a*, b*), pH, AMV and sensory properties were determined during nine days. The samples without extract (CO) presented higher values of a* (redness) than the CES samples; however, the L* (luminosity) and b* (yellowness) values did not show significant differences for the CES treatment during storage. The color difference (ΔE0-9) during storage was greater for the CO treatment, indicating significant changes in color and odor that were perceived by consumers. The treatments did not show significant differences in the AMV count (p>0,05). In conclusion, the sanky peel ultrasound-assisted extract did not exhibit antimicrobial effects on llama ground meat; but it did help to maintain its color and odor during refrigerated storage.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"154 1","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79725147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melquiades Barragán Condor, Juan Marcos Aro Aro, Alex Ernesto Muñoz Cáceres, Josué Fabián Rodríguez Mendoza
Se ha caracterizado, cuantificado y determinado la capacidad antioxidante en extractos de frutos de ( Muehlembeckia volcanica ), para lo cual se extrajo los pigmentos antocianicos con metanol acidificado al 0.01% HCl, se filtro, concentro, centrifugo y aforo a un volumen conocido para su posterior analisis. En el extracto se evaluo el contenido de antocianinas totales (CAT) por el metodo de pH diferencial, polifenoles totales (PFT) por el metodo Folin-Ciocalteu y su capacidad antioxidante por el Metodo TEAC DPPH. Los extractos caracterizados por espectrofotometria UV-Vis presentan valores maximos de absorbancia a 520 nm que corresponden a estructuras antocianicas ya establecidas, del mismo modo por espectroscopia FTIR-ATR se observan fuertes senales de absorcion a diferentes valores de frecuencias de vibracion que corresponden a grupos funcionales de antocianinas. Los cromatogramas de HPLC del extracto pertenecen a antocianidinas delfinidina y petunidina. Se determino en extractos que el contenido de antocianinas es de 171.85 (mg cianidina 3-glucosido/100g), polifenoles totales de 275.55 (mg acido galico / 100 g) y su capacidad antioxidante TEAC DPPH de 31.37 (µmol trolox/g). Por su alto contenido de CAT, PFT y capacidad antioxidante se concluye que estos frutos tienen alto poder antioxidante y puede ser usados como alimento funcional. ABSTRACT The antioxidant capacity in fruit extracts of ( Muehlembeckia volcanica ) has been characterized, quantified and determined for which the anthocyanin pigments were extracted with 0.01% acidified methanol HCl, filtered, concentrated, centrifuged and fed to a known volume for later analysis. In the extract the content of total anthocyanin’s (CAT) was evaluated by the differential pH method, total polyphenols (PFT) by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and its antioxidant capacity by the TEAC DPPH Method. Extracts characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry have maximum absorbance values at 520 nm that correspond to established anthocyanin structures, in the same way by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy strong absorption signals are observed at different vibration frequency values which correspond to anthocyanin functional groups. The HPLC chromatograms of the extract belong to anthocyanin’s delfinidine and petunidine. It was determined in extracts that the anthocyanin content is 171.85 (mg cyanidine 3-glucoside / 100g), total polyphenols 275.55 (mg gallic acid / 100 g) and its antioxidant capacity TEAC DPPH of 31.37 (µmol trolox / g). Due to its high content of CAT, PFT and antioxidant capacity, it is concluded that these fruits have high antioxidant power and can be used as a functional food. Keywords: Anthocyanins, polyphenols, antioxidants, free radicals, flavonoids.
{"title":"Determinacion de antocianinas y capacidad antioxidante en extractos de (Muehlembeckia volcanica)","authors":"Melquiades Barragán Condor, Juan Marcos Aro Aro, Alex Ernesto Muñoz Cáceres, Josué Fabián Rodríguez Mendoza","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.604","url":null,"abstract":"Se ha caracterizado, cuantificado y determinado la capacidad antioxidante en extractos de frutos de ( Muehlembeckia volcanica ), para lo cual se extrajo los pigmentos antocianicos con metanol acidificado al 0.01% HCl, se filtro, concentro, centrifugo y aforo a un volumen conocido para su posterior analisis. En el extracto se evaluo el contenido de antocianinas totales (CAT) por el metodo de pH diferencial, polifenoles totales (PFT) por el metodo Folin-Ciocalteu y su capacidad antioxidante por el Metodo TEAC DPPH. Los extractos caracterizados por espectrofotometria UV-Vis presentan valores maximos de absorbancia a 520 nm que corresponden a estructuras antocianicas ya establecidas, del mismo modo por espectroscopia FTIR-ATR se observan fuertes senales de absorcion a diferentes valores de frecuencias de vibracion que corresponden a grupos funcionales de antocianinas. Los cromatogramas de HPLC del extracto pertenecen a antocianidinas delfinidina y petunidina. Se determino en extractos que el contenido de antocianinas es de 171.85 (mg cianidina 3-glucosido/100g), polifenoles totales de 275.55 (mg acido galico / 100 g) y su capacidad antioxidante TEAC DPPH de 31.37 (µmol trolox/g). Por su alto contenido de CAT, PFT y capacidad antioxidante se concluye que estos frutos tienen alto poder antioxidante y puede ser usados como alimento funcional. ABSTRACT The antioxidant capacity in fruit extracts of ( Muehlembeckia volcanica ) has been characterized, quantified and determined for which the anthocyanin pigments were extracted with 0.01% acidified methanol HCl, filtered, concentrated, centrifuged and fed to a known volume for later analysis. In the extract the content of total anthocyanin’s (CAT) was evaluated by the differential pH method, total polyphenols (PFT) by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and its antioxidant capacity by the TEAC DPPH Method. Extracts characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry have maximum absorbance values at 520 nm that correspond to established anthocyanin structures, in the same way by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy strong absorption signals are observed at different vibration frequency values which correspond to anthocyanin functional groups. The HPLC chromatograms of the extract belong to anthocyanin’s delfinidine and petunidine. It was determined in extracts that the anthocyanin content is 171.85 (mg cyanidine 3-glucoside / 100g), total polyphenols 275.55 (mg gallic acid / 100 g) and its antioxidant capacity TEAC DPPH of 31.37 (µmol trolox / g). Due to its high content of CAT, PFT and antioxidant capacity, it is concluded that these fruits have high antioxidant power and can be used as a functional food. Keywords: Anthocyanins, polyphenols, antioxidants, free radicals, flavonoids.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75652260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinthya Merma Ccana, Ciro Tomaylla Cruz, Carla Del Carpio Jiménez
espanolClinopodium brevicalyx crece en regiones altoandinas surenas del Peru y tiene amplio uso popular, sin embargo hasta la fecha no se tienen investigaciones sobre su actividad frente a Trichophyton rubrum, hongo dermatofito antropofilico con afinidad por la queratina humana y de dificil tratamiento, causante de las micosis superficiales mas frecuentes como el pie de atleta, tina e infecciones en las unas. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar la actividad del aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx sobre Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188. El aceite esencial se obtuvo por hidrodestilacion, el porcentaje de rendimiento fue de 1,98 ± 0,02% (p/v), sus caracteristicas fisicoquimicas fueron: densidad relativa de 0,93654 g mL-1, un indice de refraccion de 1,4625, una rotacion optica de 2,14°, un pH de 6,20. La composicion quimica del aceite esencial se determino usando un cromatografo de gases acoplado a un espectrometro de masas, identificando como componentes principales: isomentona (44,24 %), mentona (22,22 %) y pulegona (8,23 %). La sensibilidad de T. rubrum se evaluo por el metodo de difusion en disco, estableciendo que a mayor concentracion de aceite existe mayor sensibilidad del hongo, la concentracion minima inhibitoria del aceite se determino por el metodo de macrodilucion en caldo, obteniendo una concentracion minima inhibitoria (CMI) de 125 μL mL-1. La emulsion topica con diferentes porcentajes de aceite esencial, presento actividad antimicotica a partir del 12,5% usando el metodo de macrodilucion. Concluyendo que tanto el aceite esencial y la emulsion con aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx al 12,5% tienen actividad antifungica contra Trichophyton rubrum. EnglishClinopodium brevicalyx grows in the southern high Andean regions of Peru and has wide popular use, however to date there is no research on its activity against Trichophyton rubrum, an anthropophilic dermatophyte fungus with an affinity for human keratin and difficult to treat, causing the most common superficial mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm and nail infections. The aim of this research was to determine the activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium brevicalyx against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, the extraction rate was 1.98 ± 0.02% (w/v), and the physicochemical characteristics were: relative density of 0.93654 g mL-1, a refractive index of 1.4625, an optical rotation of 2.14°, pH of 6.20. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, identifying as main components: isomentone (44.24 %), menthone (22.22 %) and pulegone (8.23 %). The sensitivity of T. rubrum was evaluated by the disk diffusion method, establishing that at higher oil concentration more sensitivity of the fungus, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil was determined by the broth macro-dilution, obtaining a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125
{"title":"Actividad anti-Trichophyton rubrum del aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx y elaboración de una emulsión tópica","authors":"Cinthya Merma Ccana, Ciro Tomaylla Cruz, Carla Del Carpio Jiménez","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.606","url":null,"abstract":"espanolClinopodium brevicalyx crece en regiones altoandinas surenas del Peru y tiene amplio uso popular, sin embargo hasta la fecha no se tienen investigaciones sobre su actividad frente a Trichophyton rubrum, hongo dermatofito antropofilico con afinidad por la queratina humana y de dificil tratamiento, causante de las micosis superficiales mas frecuentes como el pie de atleta, tina e infecciones en las unas. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar la actividad del aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx sobre Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188. El aceite esencial se obtuvo por hidrodestilacion, el porcentaje de rendimiento fue de 1,98 ± 0,02% (p/v), sus caracteristicas fisicoquimicas fueron: densidad relativa de 0,93654 g mL-1, un indice de refraccion de 1,4625, una rotacion optica de 2,14°, un pH de 6,20. La composicion quimica del aceite esencial se determino usando un cromatografo de gases acoplado a un espectrometro de masas, identificando como componentes principales: isomentona (44,24 %), mentona (22,22 %) y pulegona (8,23 %). La sensibilidad de T. rubrum se evaluo por el metodo de difusion en disco, estableciendo que a mayor concentracion de aceite existe mayor sensibilidad del hongo, la concentracion minima inhibitoria del aceite se determino por el metodo de macrodilucion en caldo, obteniendo una concentracion minima inhibitoria (CMI) de 125 μL mL-1. La emulsion topica con diferentes porcentajes de aceite esencial, presento actividad antimicotica a partir del 12,5% usando el metodo de macrodilucion. Concluyendo que tanto el aceite esencial y la emulsion con aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx al 12,5% tienen actividad antifungica contra Trichophyton rubrum. EnglishClinopodium brevicalyx grows in the southern high Andean regions of Peru and has wide popular use, however to date there is no research on its activity against Trichophyton rubrum, an anthropophilic dermatophyte fungus with an affinity for human keratin and difficult to treat, causing the most common superficial mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm and nail infections. The aim of this research was to determine the activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium brevicalyx against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, the extraction rate was 1.98 ± 0.02% (w/v), and the physicochemical characteristics were: relative density of 0.93654 g mL-1, a refractive index of 1.4625, an optical rotation of 2.14°, pH of 6.20. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, identifying as main components: isomentone (44.24 %), menthone (22.22 %) and pulegone (8.23 %). The sensitivity of T. rubrum was evaluated by the disk diffusion method, establishing that at higher oil concentration more sensitivity of the fungus, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil was determined by the broth macro-dilution, obtaining a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77642632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheda Méndez Ancca, Y. Álvarez, L. E. Sosa, Yhordan G. Vizcarra
espanolEl objetivo del estudio fue determinar la concentracion celular y la biomasa seca en tres species de microalgas marinas: Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata y Tetraselmis striata. Las cepas se suministraron por el Laboratorio Costero de Ilo perteneciente al Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) y luego, se acondicionaron las microalgas para ser cultivadas en medio semicontrolado. Las fases del cultivo de microalgas consistieron en el cepario, inicial, intermedia y masiva. El orden de maxima concentracion celular (cel/mL) para las microalgas fue: Nannochloropsis oculata > Chlorella vulgaris > Tetraselmis striata donde N. oculata represento 7,63 veces superior a T. striata. En el caso de la biomasa, el orden correspondio a: C. vulgaris > T. striata > N. oculata existiendo 1,32 g de diferencia. Se concluyo que, la especie de microalga Chlorella vulgaris indico la mayor ventaja para usarse en la acuicultura comparativamente con las otras dos especies. EnglishThe aim of study was to determine cell concentration and dry biomass in three species of marine microalgae: Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis striata. The strains were supplied by the Ilo Coastal Laboratory belonging to the Peruvian Institute of the Sea (IMARPE) and then, the microalgae were conditioned to be cultivated in a semi-controlled medium. The phases of the microalgae culture consisted of the cepario, initial, intermediate and massive. The order of maximum cellular concentration (cel/mL) for the microalgae was Nannochloropsis oculata > Chlorella vulgaris > Tetraselmis striata where N. oculata represented 7.63 times higher than T. striata. In the case of biomass, the order corresponded to: C. vulgaris > T. striata > N. oculata, with a 1.32 g difference. It was concluded that the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris indicated the greatest advantage to be used in aquaculture compared to the other two species.
{"title":"Concentración celular y biomasa seca en tres especies de microalgas marinas: Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata y Tetraselmis striata","authors":"Sheda Méndez Ancca, Y. Álvarez, L. E. Sosa, Yhordan G. Vizcarra","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.603","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo del estudio fue determinar la concentracion celular y la biomasa seca en tres species de microalgas marinas: Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata y Tetraselmis striata. Las cepas se suministraron por el Laboratorio Costero de Ilo perteneciente al Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) y luego, se acondicionaron las microalgas para ser cultivadas en medio semicontrolado. Las fases del cultivo de microalgas consistieron en el cepario, inicial, intermedia y masiva. El orden de maxima concentracion celular (cel/mL) para las microalgas fue: Nannochloropsis oculata > Chlorella vulgaris > Tetraselmis striata donde N. oculata represento 7,63 veces superior a T. striata. En el caso de la biomasa, el orden correspondio a: C. vulgaris > T. striata > N. oculata existiendo 1,32 g de diferencia. Se concluyo que, la especie de microalga Chlorella vulgaris indico la mayor ventaja para usarse en la acuicultura comparativamente con las otras dos especies. EnglishThe aim of study was to determine cell concentration and dry biomass in three species of marine microalgae: Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis striata. The strains were supplied by the Ilo Coastal Laboratory belonging to the Peruvian Institute of the Sea (IMARPE) and then, the microalgae were conditioned to be cultivated in a semi-controlled medium. The phases of the microalgae culture consisted of the cepario, initial, intermediate and massive. The order of maximum cellular concentration (cel/mL) for the microalgae was Nannochloropsis oculata > Chlorella vulgaris > Tetraselmis striata where N. oculata represented 7.63 times higher than T. striata. In the case of biomass, the order corresponded to: C. vulgaris > T. striata > N. oculata, with a 1.32 g difference. It was concluded that the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris indicated the greatest advantage to be used in aquaculture compared to the other two species.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90151491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fortunato Escobar-Mamani, Alicia Magaly Leon Tacca
Resumen En las instalaciones de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno - Peru (Ciudad Universitaria) del 05 al 07 de noviembre 2019, se llevo acabo el “Seminario Internacional resistencia a antibioticos: amenaza global a la salud publica”. Evento financiado por Concejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia -CONCYTEC-, en alianza estrategica con la Escuela Superior de Biotecnologia de la Universidad Catolica Portuguesa; con el objeto de “difundir el problema de resistencia a los antibioticos como amenaza global a la salud publica”, tanto en el escenario local e internacional; respecto a la forma como las bacterias con factores de resistencia antimicrobiana presentes en ambiente natural pueden ser transmitidos a los seres humanos. Las bacterias inducen a infecciones, y si no son adecuadamente combatidos, genera resistencia a los antibioticos, proceso abordado desde distintas posturas de los expositores invitados. De ellas, los temas abordados en el evento en su mayoria han recomendado la necesidad de adoptar medidas urgentes mediante la implementacion de politicas publicas, para que las infecciones comunes o complejas resistentes a los antibioticos no se conviertan en mortales como los preve la ciencia. La presente edicion especial dedicada al referido evento, en la primera parte presenta una descripcion preliminar de la literatura cientifica referida a la resistencia a los antibioticos y sus implicancias; y en la segunda parte, se transcribe el resumen de las ponencias principales presentadas en el seminario a fin que sea punto de partida para las siguientes investigaciones. En la tercera parte, termina con los manuscritos presentados y valorados positivamente como tema de debate en el Seminario Internacional y su relevancia de sus resultados. Palabras Clave: Resistencia antibiotica, Administracion de antibioticos, Terapia antibiotica, Microbiota intestinal Abstract In the facilities of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno - Peru (University City) from 05 to 07 November 2019, the “International Seminar on Antibiotic Resistance: Global threat to public health 2019” was held. Event financed by the National Council of Science and Technology -CONCYTEC- in order to "spread the problem of antibiotic resistance as a global threat to public health", both on the local and international stage; Regarding the way in which bacteria present in a natural or artificial environment can be transmitted to humans. In them, the viruses that induce infections are not adequately combated, since antibiotics only work against bacteria and not against viruses, a process approached from different positions of the exhibitors that not all causes of infections (colds, flu, cough and bronchitis) are properly treated, which are generally known as antibiotic resistance. Of these, the topics addressed in the event have mostly recommended the need to adopt urgent public policy measures, for common or complex antibiotic-resistant infections do not become fatal. The sp
{"title":"Seminario Internacional “resistencia a antibióticos”: Amenaza global a la salud pública - Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno Perú","authors":"Fortunato Escobar-Mamani, Alicia Magaly Leon Tacca","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.529","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen En las instalaciones de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno - Peru (Ciudad Universitaria) del 05 al 07 de noviembre 2019, se llevo acabo el “Seminario Internacional resistencia a antibioticos: amenaza global a la salud publica”. Evento financiado por Concejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia -CONCYTEC-, en alianza estrategica con la Escuela Superior de Biotecnologia de la Universidad Catolica Portuguesa; con el objeto de “difundir el problema de resistencia a los antibioticos como amenaza global a la salud publica”, tanto en el escenario local e internacional; respecto a la forma como las bacterias con factores de resistencia antimicrobiana presentes en ambiente natural pueden ser transmitidos a los seres humanos. Las bacterias inducen a infecciones, y si no son adecuadamente combatidos, genera resistencia a los antibioticos, proceso abordado desde distintas posturas de los expositores invitados. De ellas, los temas abordados en el evento en su mayoria han recomendado la necesidad de adoptar medidas urgentes mediante la implementacion de politicas publicas, para que las infecciones comunes o complejas resistentes a los antibioticos no se conviertan en mortales como los preve la ciencia. La presente edicion especial dedicada al referido evento, en la primera parte presenta una descripcion preliminar de la literatura cientifica referida a la resistencia a los antibioticos y sus implicancias; y en la segunda parte, se transcribe el resumen de las ponencias principales presentadas en el seminario a fin que sea punto de partida para las siguientes investigaciones. En la tercera parte, termina con los manuscritos presentados y valorados positivamente como tema de debate en el Seminario Internacional y su relevancia de sus resultados. Palabras Clave: Resistencia antibiotica, Administracion de antibioticos, Terapia antibiotica, Microbiota intestinal Abstract In the facilities of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno - Peru (University City) from 05 to 07 November 2019, the “International Seminar on Antibiotic Resistance: Global threat to public health 2019” was held. Event financed by the National Council of Science and Technology -CONCYTEC- in order to \"spread the problem of antibiotic resistance as a global threat to public health\", both on the local and international stage; Regarding the way in which bacteria present in a natural or artificial environment can be transmitted to humans. In them, the viruses that induce infections are not adequately combated, since antibiotics only work against bacteria and not against viruses, a process approached from different positions of the exhibitors that not all causes of infections (colds, flu, cough and bronchitis) are properly treated, which are generally known as antibiotic resistance. Of these, the topics addressed in the event have mostly recommended the need to adopt urgent public policy measures, for common or complex antibiotic-resistant infections do not become fatal. The sp","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"7-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48238209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ocurrencia ambiental de LOS ANTIBIOTICOS y su prediccion ecotoxicologica mediante el uso del PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL GECOTOXIC ® ABSTRACT The exposure of antibiotics in water is an environmental concern, being necessary to use comprehensive methodologies to signal early, the probability of risk. The aim of study was to describe the environmental occurrence of antibiotics and their ecotoxicological prediction using the Gecotoxic ® computer program. Through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, a scientific review article was selected where the number of antibiotics represented was assessed. Of the 39 antibiotics, only ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and erythromycin were found in Africa, America, Asia-Pacific and Europe. Other studies were consulted to assess if the concentrations found through bioassays are related to data on the characterization of tax sources, physical-chemical parameters and / or, analysis of associated environmental matrices. It was concluded that the ecotoxicology of antibiotics is predictable through the Gecotoxic ® computer program, as it considers the medium toxicity bioassay test itself that was analyzed in the selected article. Keywords : water, antibiotic, fishes, ecotoxicological prediction RESUMEN La exposicion de los antibioticos en las aguas constituye una preocupacion ambiental siendo necesario utilizarse metodologias integrales para senalizar tempranamente, la probabilidad del riesgo. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la ocurrencia ambiental de los antibioticos y su prediccion ecotoxicologica mediante el programa computacional Gecotoxic ® . Mediante un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia se selecciono un articulo cientifico de revision donde se valoro, el numero de antibioticos representados. De los 39 antibioticos, solo la ciprofloxacina, oxitetraciclina, sulfametoxazol, trimetoprima y eritromicina se encontraron en Africa, America, Asia-Pacifico y Europa. Otros trabajos fueron consultados para evaluarse, si las concentraciones halladas mediante bioensayos se relacionan con datos de caracterizacion de fuentes tributarias, parametros fisico-quimicos y/o, analisis de matrices ambientales asociadas. Se concluyo que, la ecotoxicologia de los antibioticos es predecible mediante el programa computacional Gecotoxic ® , pues considera la propia prueba de bioensayo de toxicidad media que se analizo en el articulo seleccionado. Palabras clave : agua , antibiotico , peces, prediccion ecotoxicologica
抗生素在水中的暴露是一个环境问题，有必要使用综合的方法来早期预警风险的可能性。本研究的目的是利用Gecotoxic®计算机程序描述抗生素的环境发生及其生态毒理学预测。为了方便起见，通过非概率抽样，选择了一篇科学评论文章，对所代表的抗生素数量进行了评估。39种抗生素中，只有环丙沙星、土霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶和红霉素在非洲、美洲、亚太和欧洲被发现。还咨询了其他研究，以评估通过生物分析发现的浓度是否与税源特征、物理化学参数和/或相关环境基质分析的数据有关。结论是抗生素的生态毒理学可以通过Gecotoxic®计算机程序预测，因为它考虑了所选文章中分析的中等毒性生物测定试验本身。关键词:水;抗生素;鱼类;生态毒理学预测;环境污染;环境污染;目的:通过预测生态毒理、媒介毒理程序和计算生态毒理程序来描述当前环境中抗生素的毒性。Mediante联合国muestreo没有probabilistico为什么conveniencia se selecciono联合国危象cientifico de修订在se valoro el期de antibioticos representados。39种抗生素在非洲、美洲、亚太和欧洲均有禁用，单用环丙沙星、氧环磷酰胺、磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶和环丙沙星。研究方向:生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，生物质能评价，环境质能评价。从结论上看，抗生素的生态毒理学是可预见的媒介，但从程序上看，计算毒理学是可预见的媒介，但从分析上看，毒物媒介是可选择的。瓜，抗生素，种，预测生态毒理学
{"title":"Ocurrencia ambiental de los antibióticos y su predicción ecotoxicológica mediante el uso del programa computacional Gecotoxic","authors":"George Argota Pérez","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.538","url":null,"abstract":"ocurrencia ambiental de LOS ANTIBIOTICOS y su prediccion ecotoxicologica mediante el uso del PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL GECOTOXIC ® ABSTRACT The exposure of antibiotics in water is an environmental concern, being necessary to use comprehensive methodologies to signal early, the probability of risk. The aim of study was to describe the environmental occurrence of antibiotics and their ecotoxicological prediction using the Gecotoxic ® computer program. Through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, a scientific review article was selected where the number of antibiotics represented was assessed. Of the 39 antibiotics, only ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and erythromycin were found in Africa, America, Asia-Pacific and Europe. Other studies were consulted to assess if the concentrations found through bioassays are related to data on the characterization of tax sources, physical-chemical parameters and / or, analysis of associated environmental matrices. It was concluded that the ecotoxicology of antibiotics is predictable through the Gecotoxic ® computer program, as it considers the medium toxicity bioassay test itself that was analyzed in the selected article. Keywords : water, antibiotic, fishes, ecotoxicological prediction RESUMEN La exposicion de los antibioticos en las aguas constituye una preocupacion ambiental siendo necesario utilizarse metodologias integrales para senalizar tempranamente, la probabilidad del riesgo. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la ocurrencia ambiental de los antibioticos y su prediccion ecotoxicologica mediante el programa computacional Gecotoxic ® . Mediante un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia se selecciono un articulo cientifico de revision donde se valoro, el numero de antibioticos representados. De los 39 antibioticos, solo la ciprofloxacina, oxitetraciclina, sulfametoxazol, trimetoprima y eritromicina se encontraron en Africa, America, Asia-Pacifico y Europa. Otros trabajos fueron consultados para evaluarse, si las concentraciones halladas mediante bioensayos se relacionan con datos de caracterizacion de fuentes tributarias, parametros fisico-quimicos y/o, analisis de matrices ambientales asociadas. Se concluyo que, la ecotoxicologia de los antibioticos es predecible mediante el programa computacional Gecotoxic ® , pues considera la propia prueba de bioensayo de toxicidad media que se analizo en el articulo seleccionado. Palabras clave : agua , antibiotico , peces, prediccion ecotoxicologica","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88109170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Jhordan Rossel Bernedo, Félix Pompeyo Ferro Mayhua
El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la presencia de bacterias (coliformes totales y termotolerantes) en el tratamiento del agua haciendo uso de Radiacion Ultravioleta clase C (UV-C), se realizo la investigacion en el Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Potable de la EPS, EMSA Puno, debido a que las normas vigentes exigen que las lecturas de coliformes totales y termotolerantes en el agua potable deben de ser 0 UFC/100 ml, siendo la radiacion UV-C una alternativa para la disminucion en el uso del Cloro. Por lo que se experimento con una dosis de 0,00176 W/cm 2 /s de radiacion UV-C con una longitud de onda dominante de 254 nm, las muestras de agua experimentales fueron sometidas a 1, 2, 3, y 4 segundos de exposicion a la mencionada radiacion. Para la determinacion de la presencia bacteriana en agua (coliformes totales y termotolerantes), se opto por la metodologia de Filtro de Membrana, los resultados obtenidos para el conteo de coliformes totales fueron lecturas en promedio de 200, 165, 59 y 0 UFC/100 ml y para el conteo de coliformes termotolerantes lecturas promedio de 4, 3, 1 y 0 UFC/100 ml. Concluyendo que, para la inactivacion total de los coliformes totales y coliformes termotolerantes presentes en las muestras de agua, se requirio un tiempo minimo de 4 s de exposicion a la radiacion UV-C. PALABRAS CLAVE: Tiempo de exposicion, inactivacion bacteriana, Unidades Formadoras de Colonias, Filtro de Membrana. ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the presence of bacteria (total and thermotolerant coliforms) in the treatment of water using Class C Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-C), the research was carried out in the Quality Control Laboratory of the Treatment Plant of Potable Water of the EPS, EMSA Puno, because current regulations require that total and thermotolerant coliform readings in drinking water should be 0 CFU / 100 ml, with UV-C radiation being an alternative for the decrease in Chlorine use. For what was experimented with a dose of 0,00176 W/cm 2 /s of UV-C radiation with a dominant wavelength of 254 nm, the experimental water samples were subjected to 1, 2, 3, and 4 seconds of exposure to the mentioned radiation. For the determination of the bacterial presence in water (total and thermotolerant coliforms), the Membrane Filter methodology was chosen, the results obtained for the total coliform count were readings on average of 200, 165, 59 and 0 CFU/100 ml and for the count of thermotolerant coliforms average readings of 4, 3, 1 and 0 CFU/100 ml. Concluding that, for the total inactivation of the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms present in the water samples, a minimum time of 4 s of exposure to UV-C radiation was required. KEY WORDS : Exposure time, bacterial inactivation, Colony Forming Units, Membrane Filter.
{"title":"Radiación ultravioleta-c para desinfección bacteriana (coliformes totales y termotolerantes) en el tratamiento de agua potable","authors":"Luis Jhordan Rossel Bernedo, Félix Pompeyo Ferro Mayhua","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.537","url":null,"abstract":"El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la presencia de bacterias (coliformes totales y termotolerantes) en el tratamiento del agua haciendo uso de Radiacion Ultravioleta clase C (UV-C), se realizo la investigacion en el Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Potable de la EPS, EMSA Puno, debido a que las normas vigentes exigen que las lecturas de coliformes totales y termotolerantes en el agua potable deben de ser 0 UFC/100 ml, siendo la radiacion UV-C una alternativa para la disminucion en el uso del Cloro. Por lo que se experimento con una dosis de 0,00176 W/cm 2 /s de radiacion UV-C con una longitud de onda dominante de 254 nm, las muestras de agua experimentales fueron sometidas a 1, 2, 3, y 4 segundos de exposicion a la mencionada radiacion. Para la determinacion de la presencia bacteriana en agua (coliformes totales y termotolerantes), se opto por la metodologia de Filtro de Membrana, los resultados obtenidos para el conteo de coliformes totales fueron lecturas en promedio de 200, 165, 59 y 0 UFC/100 ml y para el conteo de coliformes termotolerantes lecturas promedio de 4, 3, 1 y 0 UFC/100 ml. Concluyendo que, para la inactivacion total de los coliformes totales y coliformes termotolerantes presentes en las muestras de agua, se requirio un tiempo minimo de 4 s de exposicion a la radiacion UV-C. PALABRAS CLAVE: Tiempo de exposicion, inactivacion bacteriana, Unidades Formadoras de Colonias, Filtro de Membrana. ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the presence of bacteria (total and thermotolerant coliforms) in the treatment of water using Class C Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-C), the research was carried out in the Quality Control Laboratory of the Treatment Plant of Potable Water of the EPS, EMSA Puno, because current regulations require that total and thermotolerant coliform readings in drinking water should be 0 CFU / 100 ml, with UV-C radiation being an alternative for the decrease in Chlorine use. For what was experimented with a dose of 0,00176 W/cm 2 /s of UV-C radiation with a dominant wavelength of 254 nm, the experimental water samples were subjected to 1, 2, 3, and 4 seconds of exposure to the mentioned radiation. For the determination of the bacterial presence in water (total and thermotolerant coliforms), the Membrane Filter methodology was chosen, the results obtained for the total coliform count were readings on average of 200, 165, 59 and 0 CFU/100 ml and for the count of thermotolerant coliforms average readings of 4, 3, 1 and 0 CFU/100 ml. Concluding that, for the total inactivation of the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms present in the water samples, a minimum time of 4 s of exposure to UV-C radiation was required. KEY WORDS : Exposure time, bacterial inactivation, Colony Forming Units, Membrane Filter.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45491352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physalis peruviana L. “aguaymanto” es una Solanacea muy apreciada en paises como Peru, Colombia y Ecuador debido a su alto valor nutricional y numerosas propiedades medicinales. Su cultivo tiene alta variabilidad debido a que se propaga por semillas, lo cual hace necesario mantener sus caracteristicas morfologicas y productivas homogeneas. una alternativa es la micropropagacion in vitro para, posteriormente, lograr su tecnificacion e industrializacion. Por lo expuesto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue inducir brotes y raices en hipocotilos y cotiledones de P. peruviana L. utilizando auxinas y citoquininas. Se realizaron nueve combinaciones entre las concentraciones de 2,4-D (0.25, 0.5 y 1.0 mg/l) y BAP (0.1, 0.25 y 1.0 mg/l), en la cual se introdujeron explantes de 20 dias de edad. El medio basal fue el de Murashige & Skoog complementado con sacarosa al 3%, fitagel (0.5%) y pH 6. Despues de 70 dias, luego de estar expuestos a fotoperiodo 16:8, se logro inducir la formacion de callos en todos los tratamientos y en ambos tipos de explantes. Ademas, en los hipocotilos hubo induccion de raices con la combinacion 0.1 mg/l de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/l de BAP y en los cotiledones se indujeron raices con la combinacion 0.5 mg/L de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L de BAP, y tambien raices y brotes en la combinacion 1 mg/l de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/l de BAP. Se concluye que los cotiledones favorecen el proceso de regeneracion de raices/brotes mejor que los hipocotilos. Palabras clave: Regeneracion, aguaymanto, organogenesis, auxinas, citoquininas ABSTRACT Physalis peruviana L. "aguaymanto" is a Solanaceae highly prized in countries such as Peru, Colombia and Ecuador due to its high nutritional value and numerous medicinal properties. Its cultivation has high variability because it is propagated by seeds, which makes it necessary to maintain its homogeneous morphological and productive characteristics. An alternative is in vitro micropropagation to subsequently achieve its technification and industrialization. Therefore, the objective of this work was to induce shoots and roots in hypocotyls and cotyledons of P. peruviana L. using auxins and cytokinins. Nine combinations were made between the concentrations of 2,4-D (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg / l) and BAP (0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 mg / l), in which 20-day-old explants were introduced. The basal medium was that of Murashige & Skoog supplemented with 3% sucrose, phytagel (0.5%) and pH 6. After 70 days, after being exposed to photoperiod 16: 8, it was possible to induce callus formation in all treatments and in both types of explants. In addition, in the hypocotyls there was root induction with the 0.1 mg / l combination of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg / l of BAP and in the cotyledons roots were induced with the 0.5 mg / L combination of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg / L of BAP, and also roots and shoots in the combination 1 mg / l of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg / l of BAP. It is concluded that cotyledons favor the root / shoot regeneration process better than hypocotyls. Keywords: Regeneratio
{"title":"iInducción de brotes y raíces en hipocotilos y cotiledones de physalis peruviana l. utilizando 6-bencilaminopurina y 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético","authors":"Karla Hernández-Villalobos, Julio Chico-Ruíz","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.539","url":null,"abstract":"Physalis peruviana L. “aguaymanto” es una Solanacea muy apreciada en paises como Peru, Colombia y Ecuador debido a su alto valor nutricional y numerosas propiedades medicinales. Su cultivo tiene alta variabilidad debido a que se propaga por semillas, lo cual hace necesario mantener sus caracteristicas morfologicas y productivas homogeneas. una alternativa es la micropropagacion in vitro para, posteriormente, lograr su tecnificacion e industrializacion. Por lo expuesto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue inducir brotes y raices en hipocotilos y cotiledones de P. peruviana L. utilizando auxinas y citoquininas. Se realizaron nueve combinaciones entre las concentraciones de 2,4-D (0.25, 0.5 y 1.0 mg/l) y BAP (0.1, 0.25 y 1.0 mg/l), en la cual se introdujeron explantes de 20 dias de edad. El medio basal fue el de Murashige & Skoog complementado con sacarosa al 3%, fitagel (0.5%) y pH 6. Despues de 70 dias, luego de estar expuestos a fotoperiodo 16:8, se logro inducir la formacion de callos en todos los tratamientos y en ambos tipos de explantes. Ademas, en los hipocotilos hubo induccion de raices con la combinacion 0.1 mg/l de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/l de BAP y en los cotiledones se indujeron raices con la combinacion 0.5 mg/L de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L de BAP, y tambien raices y brotes en la combinacion 1 mg/l de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/l de BAP. Se concluye que los cotiledones favorecen el proceso de regeneracion de raices/brotes mejor que los hipocotilos. Palabras clave: Regeneracion, aguaymanto, organogenesis, auxinas, citoquininas ABSTRACT Physalis peruviana L. \"aguaymanto\" is a Solanaceae highly prized in countries such as Peru, Colombia and Ecuador due to its high nutritional value and numerous medicinal properties. Its cultivation has high variability because it is propagated by seeds, which makes it necessary to maintain its homogeneous morphological and productive characteristics. An alternative is in vitro micropropagation to subsequently achieve its technification and industrialization. Therefore, the objective of this work was to induce shoots and roots in hypocotyls and cotyledons of P. peruviana L. using auxins and cytokinins. Nine combinations were made between the concentrations of 2,4-D (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg / l) and BAP (0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 mg / l), in which 20-day-old explants were introduced. The basal medium was that of Murashige & Skoog supplemented with 3% sucrose, phytagel (0.5%) and pH 6. After 70 days, after being exposed to photoperiod 16: 8, it was possible to induce callus formation in all treatments and in both types of explants. In addition, in the hypocotyls there was root induction with the 0.1 mg / l combination of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg / l of BAP and in the cotyledons roots were induced with the 0.5 mg / L combination of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg / L of BAP, and also roots and shoots in the combination 1 mg / l of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg / l of BAP. It is concluded that cotyledons favor the root / shoot regeneration process better than hypocotyls. Keywords: Regeneratio","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46139169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los desarrollos tecnologicos actuales brindan herramientas utiles y faciles de aplicar en el manejo automatizado de los sistemas de riego. La automatizacion tiene como principales ventajas, el ahorro de los recursos como: la inversion, el tiempo y la mano de obra, asi como mejorar la gestion del recurso hidrico. La metodologia de la investigacion fue la siguiente: a) seleccion del microcontrolador, sensores, rele y modulo de comunicacion, b) calibracion y validacion de los sensores, c) integracion de los codigos de programacion, d) comunicacion y desarrollo del aplicativo movil y e) control del sistema de riego y monitoreo de la humedad del suelo. Se implementaron sensores analogicos y digitales para medir: presiones, caudales, humedad de suelo y niveles de agua en el reservorio. Los sensores fueron calibrados obteniendo el R 2 entre 0,95 - 0,99, indicando una alta correlacion entre las variables fisicas y electricas; en la validacion se obtuvo el R 2 igual a 0,99. El microcontrolador recibio la informacion de los sensores y envio ordenes a los actuadores a traves de senales electricas; estas activaron los codigos de programacion, permitiendo el control del sistema de riego a traves de reles para el encendido y apagado de las electrovalvulas y electrobomba. La gestion del sistema de riego se realizo desde un celular, a traves de un aplicativo ¨Ardunalm¨, via comunicacion Bluetooth. La calibracion y validacion de los sensores permitio el desarrollo de la automatizacion integrada, confiable y segura para el monitoreo y control del sistema de riego, permite el incremento la eficiencia de riego. Palabras clave: sensores, actuadores, Bluetooth, interfaz de usuario Abstract Current technological developments provide useful and easy-to-apply tools in automated management of irrigation systems. Automation has the main advantages of increasing the saving of resources such as investment, time and labor as well as improving the management of water resources. The research methodology was as follows: a) selection of the microcontroller, sensors, relay and communication module, b) calibration and validation of the sensors, c) integration of the programming codes, d) communication and development of the mobile application and e) irrigation system control and soil moisture monitoring. Analog and digital sensors were implemented to measure pressures, flow rates, soil moisture and water levels in the reservoir. The sensors were calibrated and validated, obtaining the R 2 between 0.95-0.99 in the calibration indicating a high correlation between the physical and electrical variable; and obtaining R 2 equal to 0.99 in the validation. The microcontroller received the information from the sensors and sent orders to the actuators through electrical signals, which activate a programming code, allowing the control of the irrigation system through relays, for switching the solenoid valves and solenoid pumps on and off. The management was done from a smartphone through an
目前的技术发展为灌溉系统的自动化管理提供了有用和易于应用的工具。自动化的主要优点是节省了投资、时间和人力等资源，并改善了水资源的管理。调查的metodologia是如下:(a) seleccion单片机、传感器、rele和模块的静默,(b) calibracion validacion传感器;(c) integracion programacion标准,(d)应用程序手机沟通与发展(e)控制灌溉系统和监测土壤湿度。采用模拟和数字传感器测量水库的压力、流量、土壤湿度和水位。对传感器进行校准，得到R 2在0.95 - 0.99之间，表明物理变量和电变量之间的高度相关性;在验证过程中，r2等于0.99。微控制器接收来自传感器的信息，并通过电子信号向执行器发送指令;这些激活了编程代码，允许通过开关电动阀门和电动泵的继电器来控制灌溉系统。灌溉系统的管理是通过手机，通过“Ardunalm”应用程序，通过蓝牙通信完成的。传感器的校准和验证允许开发集成自动化，可靠和安全的监测和控制灌溉系统，允许提高灌溉效率。摘要当前的技术发展为灌溉系统的自动化管理提供了有用且易于应用的工具。自动化的主要优点是增加了投资、时间和劳力等资源的节约，并改善了水资源的管理。研究方法如下:(a)选择微控制器、传感器、继电器和通信模块;(b)传感器的校准和验证;(c)编程代码的集成;(d)移动应用的通信和开发;(e)灌溉系统控制和土壤湿度监测。使用模拟和数字传感器来测量水库的压力、流量、土壤湿度和水位。对传感器进行了校准和验证，在校准中r2的值介于0.95至0.99之间，表明物理变量和电气变量之间的相关性很高;在验证中，R 2等于0.99。微控制器接收来自传感器的信息，并通过电子信号将指令发送到执行器，执行器激活编程代码，允许通过继电器控制灌溉系统，开关电磁阀和电磁泵。从智能through an application was The management火力连通with The user通过蓝牙通讯。传感器的校准和验证使灌溉系统监测和控制的综合、可靠和安全的自动化得以发展，从而提高灌溉效率。关键词:传感器，执行器，蓝牙，用户界面
{"title":"CALIBRACIÓN, VALIDACIÓN Y AUTOMATIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE RIEGO POR GOTEO SUBTERRÁNEO USANDO UN MICROCONTROLADOR ARDUINO","authors":"D. Ascencios, K. Meza, Jeisson Lluen, G. Simón","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.540","url":null,"abstract":"Los desarrollos tecnologicos actuales brindan herramientas utiles y faciles de aplicar en el manejo automatizado de los sistemas de riego. La automatizacion tiene como principales ventajas, el ahorro de los recursos como: la inversion, el tiempo y la mano de obra, asi como mejorar la gestion del recurso hidrico. La metodologia de la investigacion fue la siguiente: a) seleccion del microcontrolador, sensores, rele y modulo de comunicacion, b) calibracion y validacion de los sensores, c) integracion de los codigos de programacion, d) comunicacion y desarrollo del aplicativo movil y e) control del sistema de riego y monitoreo de la humedad del suelo. Se implementaron sensores analogicos y digitales para medir: presiones, caudales, humedad de suelo y niveles de agua en el reservorio. Los sensores fueron calibrados obteniendo el R 2 entre 0,95 - 0,99, indicando una alta correlacion entre las variables fisicas y electricas; en la validacion se obtuvo el R 2 igual a 0,99. El microcontrolador recibio la informacion de los sensores y envio ordenes a los actuadores a traves de senales electricas; estas activaron los codigos de programacion, permitiendo el control del sistema de riego a traves de reles para el encendido y apagado de las electrovalvulas y electrobomba. La gestion del sistema de riego se realizo desde un celular, a traves de un aplicativo ¨Ardunalm¨, via comunicacion Bluetooth. La calibracion y validacion de los sensores permitio el desarrollo de la automatizacion integrada, confiable y segura para el monitoreo y control del sistema de riego, permite el incremento la eficiencia de riego. Palabras clave: sensores, actuadores, Bluetooth, interfaz de usuario Abstract Current technological developments provide useful and easy-to-apply tools in automated management of irrigation systems. Automation has the main advantages of increasing the saving of resources such as investment, time and labor as well as improving the management of water resources. The research methodology was as follows: a) selection of the microcontroller, sensors, relay and communication module, b) calibration and validation of the sensors, c) integration of the programming codes, d) communication and development of the mobile application and e) irrigation system control and soil moisture monitoring. Analog and digital sensors were implemented to measure pressures, flow rates, soil moisture and water levels in the reservoir. The sensors were calibrated and validated, obtaining the R 2 between 0.95-0.99 in the calibration indicating a high correlation between the physical and electrical variable; and obtaining R 2 equal to 0.99 in the validation. The microcontroller received the information from the sensors and sent orders to the actuators through electrical signals, which activate a programming code, allowing the control of the irrigation system through relays, for switching the solenoid valves and solenoid pumps on and off. The management was done from a smartphone through an","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87399858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En la actualidad el incremento de enfermedades degenerativas como cardiovasculares, cancer y diabetes, demandan el consumo frecuente de alimentos con gran potencial antioxidante que ayuden a inhibir el efecto de los radicales libre. El objetivo de la investigacion fue evaluar el tiempo de pasteurizacion y su respuesta en las caracteristicas quimicas, la capacidad antioxidante y la cinetica de degradacion de los compuestos fenolicos del aguamiel de Agave americana L. El aguamiel se colecto de plantas con diez a doce anos durante el mes de abril en Acobamba, Huancavelica-Peru. Para las determinaciones analiticas se acondiciono aguamiel fresco y pasteurizado a 80°C por 10, 30 y 45 minutos. Se emplearon metodos descritos por la AOAC y para la capacidad antioxidante el radical DPPH. La capacidad antioxidante del aguamiel fresco fue de 40,03% de inhibicion de DPPH y 42,03% a 80°C por 10 minutos de pasteurizacion, el tratamiento termico incremento los azucares reductores de 11,38% a 25,39%, las concentraciones de β-caroteno y vitamina C expresaron disminucion por efecto de la pasteurizacion. Las cineticas de degradacion fueron de orden 0 para β-caroteno, vitamina C y capacidad antioxidante y primer orden para los azucares reductores. Se concluye que el tiempo optimo de pasteurizacion de aguamiel de Agave americana L debe ser menor a 30 minutos. Palabras clave: cabuya, β-caroteno, vitamina C, cinetica de degradacion termica . ABSTRACT At present, the increase in degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes, demand the frequent consumption of foods with great antioxidant potential that help to inhibit the effect of free radicals. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the pasteurization time and its response in the chemical characteristics, the antioxidant capacity and the degradation kinetics of the phenolic compounds of the aguamiel of Agave americana L. The aguamiel was collected from plants with ten to twelve years during the month of April in Acobamba, Huancavelica-Peru. For the analytical determinations fresh and pasteurized aguamiel was conditioned at 80°C for 10, 30 and 45 minutes. Methods described by the AOAC and for the antioxidant capacity the DPPH radical were used. The antioxidant capacity of fresh mead was 40.03% DPPH inhibition and 42.03% at 80 °C for 10 minutes of pasteurization, the heat treatment increased reducing sugars from 11.38% to 25.39%, concentrations of β-carotene and vitamin C expressed decrease due to pasteurization. The degradation kinetics were of order 0 for β-carotene, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity and first order for reducing sugars. It is concluded that the optimal pasteurization time of aguamiel of Agave americana L must be less than 30 minutes. Keywords: cabuya , β-carotene, vitamin C, thermal degradation kinetics .
目前，心血管、癌症和糖尿病等退行性疾病的增加要求经常食用具有巨大抗氧化潜力的食物，以帮助抑制自由基的作用。调查的目的是评估时间pasteurizacion及其应对caracteristicas侥幸,抗氧化剂能力和cinetica degradacion化合物fenolicos米德的美国龙舌兰l米德与植物而10至12年4月份Acobamba, Huancavelica-Peru。为了进行分析测定，新鲜的水凝胶在80°C下进行巴氏杀菌10、30和45分钟。采用AOAC描述的方法和DPPH自由基的抗氧化能力。新鲜米德的抗氧化剂能力是40,03% inhibicion DPPH和42,03% 80°C pasteurizacion 10分钟,减压治疗termico增加azucares 11,38% 25,39%,β浓度-caroteno和维生素C表示disminucion pasteurizacion效应。β-胡萝卜素、维生素C和抗氧化能力的降解动力学为0阶，还原糖的降解动力学为1阶。对美国龙舌兰进行巴氏杀菌的最佳时间为30分钟。关键词:卡布亚，β-胡萝卜素，维生素C，热降解动力学。目前，心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病等退行性疾病的增加需要经常食用具有巨大抗氧化潜力的食物，这些食物有助于抑制自由基的作用。民间目前调查was to犯罪性pasteurization time and its response in The chemical分离器,antioxidant能力and The degradation异构体六of The phenolic of The米德,美国l was The米德司龙舌兰from 147 with ten to twelve年during The month of in Acobamba Huancavelica-Peru 4月。新鲜和巴氏杀菌的水凝胶在80°C条件下保存10、30和45分钟。使用了AOAC所描述的方法和DPPH自由基的抗氧化能力。新鲜肉类在80℃巴氏杀菌10分钟时，其抗氧化能力为40.03% DPPH抑制能力和42.03% DPPH抑制能力，热处理使糖的还原能力由11.38%提高到25.39%，巴氏杀菌使β-胡萝卜素和维生素C表达浓度降低。The degradation order 0 forβ异构体六是-carotene, vitamin C and antioxidant能力and first order for减少糖。结论是，美国龙舌兰的最佳巴氏杀菌时间必须小于30分钟。关键词:cabuya， β-胡萝卜素，维生素C，热降解动力学。
{"title":"Tiempo de pasteurización y su respuesta en las características químicas y de capacidad antioxidante de aguamiel de Agave americana L.","authors":"Perfecto Chagua Rodríguez","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.532","url":null,"abstract":"En la actualidad el incremento de enfermedades degenerativas como cardiovasculares, cancer y diabetes, demandan el consumo frecuente de alimentos con gran potencial antioxidante que ayuden a inhibir el efecto de los radicales libre. El objetivo de la investigacion fue evaluar el tiempo de pasteurizacion y su respuesta en las caracteristicas quimicas, la capacidad antioxidante y la cinetica de degradacion de los compuestos fenolicos del aguamiel de Agave americana L. El aguamiel se colecto de plantas con diez a doce anos durante el mes de abril en Acobamba, Huancavelica-Peru. Para las determinaciones analiticas se acondiciono aguamiel fresco y pasteurizado a 80°C por 10, 30 y 45 minutos. Se emplearon metodos descritos por la AOAC y para la capacidad antioxidante el radical DPPH. La capacidad antioxidante del aguamiel fresco fue de 40,03% de inhibicion de DPPH y 42,03% a 80°C por 10 minutos de pasteurizacion, el tratamiento termico incremento los azucares reductores de 11,38% a 25,39%, las concentraciones de β-caroteno y vitamina C expresaron disminucion por efecto de la pasteurizacion. Las cineticas de degradacion fueron de orden 0 para β-caroteno, vitamina C y capacidad antioxidante y primer orden para los azucares reductores. Se concluye que el tiempo optimo de pasteurizacion de aguamiel de Agave americana L debe ser menor a 30 minutos. Palabras clave: cabuya, β-caroteno, vitamina C, cinetica de degradacion termica . ABSTRACT At present, the increase in degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes, demand the frequent consumption of foods with great antioxidant potential that help to inhibit the effect of free radicals. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the pasteurization time and its response in the chemical characteristics, the antioxidant capacity and the degradation kinetics of the phenolic compounds of the aguamiel of Agave americana L. The aguamiel was collected from plants with ten to twelve years during the month of April in Acobamba, Huancavelica-Peru. For the analytical determinations fresh and pasteurized aguamiel was conditioned at 80°C for 10, 30 and 45 minutes. Methods described by the AOAC and for the antioxidant capacity the DPPH radical were used. The antioxidant capacity of fresh mead was 40.03% DPPH inhibition and 42.03% at 80 °C for 10 minutes of pasteurization, the heat treatment increased reducing sugars from 11.38% to 25.39%, concentrations of β-carotene and vitamin C expressed decrease due to pasteurization. The degradation kinetics were of order 0 for β-carotene, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity and first order for reducing sugars. It is concluded that the optimal pasteurization time of aguamiel of Agave americana L must be less than 30 minutes. Keywords: cabuya , β-carotene, vitamin C, thermal degradation kinetics .","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"755 1","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76886386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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