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Presencia de hormonas esteroides en el lago Titicaca y agua potable, Puno (Perú) 喀喀湖和饮用水中类固醇激素的存在,普诺(秘鲁)
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.307
Walter Zamalloa-Cuba, Sirleith Siomara Condori Canaza, Olivia Magaly Luque Vilca, Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo, Franz Zirena Vilca
The presence of steroid hormones in lake waters causes contamination of aquatic ecosystems, which may cause endocrine alterations in the organisms that inhabit them. Moreover, many of these waters are purified and distributed to populations located around the lake. Therefore, these effects could be repeated in humans consuming the water. This study reports the presence of steroid hormone residues in the waters of the inner bay of Lake Titicaca and drinking water in the city of Puno (Peru). The solid phase extraction method was used for sample preparation, and the analyses were developed in an HPLC-DAD system. Results show maximum concentrations of steroid hormones estrone (E1) 1.56, 17 β- estradiol (E2) 2.27, 17 α- ethinylestradiol (EE2) 13. 88 ng L-1 respectively. These concentrations vary at the different monitoring points, and their presence could cause ecotoxicological effects to the endemic aquatic biota that inhabit this part of the lake. At the same time they also could affect the health of the human population that consumes this water
湖水中类固醇激素的存在会造成水生生态系统的污染,这可能会导致栖息在其中的生物的内分泌改变。此外,许多这些水被净化并分配给居住在湖周围的居民。因此,这些影响可能会在饮用这种水的人身上重复出现。本研究报告了在秘鲁普诺市的的的喀喀湖内湾水域和饮用水中存在类固醇激素残留。样品制备采用固相萃取法,HPLC-DAD系统进行分析。结果表明,甾体激素雌酮(E1)的最大浓度为1.56,17 β-雌二醇(E2)的最大浓度为2.27,17 α-炔雌醇(EE2)的最大浓度为13。88 ng L-1。这些浓度在不同的监测点有所不同,它们的存在可能对栖息在这部分湖泊的特有水生生物群造成生态毒理学影响。与此同时,它们也可能影响饮用这些水的人的健康
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引用次数: 2
Asociación entre calidad de ovocitos recuperados y condición corporal en vacas criollas 克里奥尔奶牛恢复卵母细胞质量与身体状况的关系
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.294
Judith Tinco-Salcedo, U. S. Quispe-Gutiérrez, Delmer Zea-Gonzales
Criollo high Andean cattle are of family economic importance for rural dwellers and contribute to food security. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity, quality, and nuclear status of ovarian oocytes according to the body condition of Criollo cows. Groups of cows were formed according to the body condition (1=emaciated, 5=obese): low (≤1.5), moderate (2 to 2.5) and high (≥3). Ovaries (n=212) were obtained from Criollo cows from the slaughterhouse. Oocytes were recovered by follicular aspiration classifying them into categories A, B, and C, placing a portion with ethanol-acetic acid (3:1) for 24 h, then stained with 2% Lacmoid. The nuclear status of the oocyte was evaluated, categorized as intact germinal vesicle (GV) and broken germinal vesicle (GVBD). The number of oocytes recovered per ovary among low, moderate, and high body condition cows were similar (p>0.05). There was an association between body condition and oocyte quality of category A (rs=0.49; P=0.001), B (rs=0.16; P=0.018); C (rs=-0.16; P=0.016). Higher percentages (p≤0.05) of oocytes of categories A and B were obtained in those of moderate and high body condition, as category C in low body condition. Body condition did not influence (p>0.05) oocyte nuclear status. No association was found (p=0.073) between body condition and oocytes with intact GV, nor with GVBD (p=0.737). It is concluded that body condition is associated with the quality of oocytes of category A, B and C, but not with the nuclear status of GV and GVBD in Criollo cows from the slaughterhouse.
克里奥罗高原安第斯牛对农村居民的家庭经济具有重要意义,并有助于粮食安全。本研究的目的是根据克里奥罗奶牛的身体状况,评价卵巢卵母细胞的数量、质量和核状态。按牛体况(1=瘦弱,5=肥胖)、低(≤1.5)、中(2 ~ 2.5)、高(≥3)分组。卵巢(n=212)取自屠宰场的Criollo奶牛。卵母细胞通过滤泡抽吸恢复,分为A、B、C三类,部分放置于乙醇-乙酸(3:1)中24 h,然后用2% Lacmoid染色。评价卵母细胞核状态,分为完整生发囊泡(GV)和破碎生发囊泡(GVBD)。低体况、中等体况和高体况奶牛每卵巢恢复的卵母细胞数相似(p>0.05)。A类鼠体状况与卵母细胞质量存在相关性(rs=0.49;P=0.001), B (rs=0.16;P = 0.018);C (r = -0.16;P = 0.016)。中高体况组A类和B类卵母细胞比例高于低体况组C类卵母细胞比例(p≤0.05)。体况对卵母细胞核状态无显著影响(p>0.05)。身体状况与卵母细胞GV完整无相关性(p=0.073),与GVBD无相关性(p=0.737)。由此可见,胴体状况与奶牛A、B、C类卵母细胞质量有关,与GV和GVBD核状态无关。
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引用次数: 1
Efecto de la inclusión de carne cruda en un paté cocido de carne mecánicamente recuperada de trucha arcoíris 在机械回收的虹鳟鱼肉酱中加入生肉的效果
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.291
Diana Carolina Jimenez Champi, Tito Eduardo Llerena Daza, Bettit K. Salvá Ruiz
The fishing industry generates large quantities of by-products, most of which are not used and are therefore discarded. The objective of the present research was the elaboration of a pâté-type sausage from mechanically recovered meat of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The meat was obtained from trout skelons, which were passed through a grinder and sprayed with a mixture of α-tocopherol (0.02%) and ascorbic acid (0.05%). The formulation of the pate was as follows: mechanically recovered trout meat (74.4%), salt (1.3%), sodium tripolyphosphate (0.8%), starch (2%), soy protein isolate (2.4%), margarine (16.7%), soy lecithin (1.9%), onion powder (0.2%), garlic powder (0.2%) and pepper powder (0.1%). Three formulations were prepared: PCR1 (80% cooked meat and 20% raw meat), PCR2 (90% cooked meat and 10% raw meat) and PCR3 (100% cooked meat). For each formulation, the following were evaluated: texture profile, color and sensory evaluation, the latter with the participation of 30 untrained panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale, in which each formulation obtained an average of 6 ("I like it moderately"). The best formulation was PCR3, whose proximate composition was determined: 64% moisture, 16% fat, 12.5% protein, and 3.5% ash. The pâté of mechanically recovered trout meat proved to have a high nutritional value and a good level of sensory acceptance, demonstrating that it is a good alternative for the use of trout fillet by-products.
捕鱼业产生大量的副产品,其中大部分没有使用,因此被丢弃。本研究的目的是从虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的机械回收肉中制备出一种p 型香肠。肉是从鳟鱼骨骼中获得的,经过研磨机,喷上α-生育酚(0.02%)和抗坏血酸(0.05%)的混合物。该酱料的配方为:机械回收鳟鱼肉(74.4%)、盐(1.3%)、三聚磷酸钠(0.8%)、淀粉(2%)、大豆分离蛋白(2.4%)、人造黄油(16.7%)、大豆卵磷脂(1.9%)、洋葱粉(0.2%)、大蒜粉(0.2%)、胡椒粉(0.1%)。配制3种配方:PCR1(80%熟肉和20%生肉)、PCR2(90%熟肉和10%生肉)和PCR3(100%熟肉)。对于每种配方,评估如下:质地轮廓,颜色和感官评估,后者由30名未经训练的小组成员参与,使用9分的享乐量表,其中每种配方获得平均6分(“我喜欢它”)。最佳配方为PCR3,其近似组成为:水分64%,脂肪16%,蛋白质12.5%,灰分3.5%。经实验证明,机械回收的鳟鱼肉具有较高的营养价值和良好的感官接受度,是鳟鱼鱼片副产品的良好替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Capacidad de infección de hongos asociados a la pudrición seca de los tubérculos de ñame 山药块茎干腐相关真菌的感染能力
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.305
D. López, Lily Lorena Luna-Castellanos, M. Espinosa-Carvajal, D. Pérez-Polo, Jorge Cadena-Torres
Dry rot of tubers is one of the most devastating diseases in yam production (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The disease attacks tubers, causing production losses during cultivation. In previous experiments, 11 fungal morphotypes were isolated and associated with this disease in yam crops in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The present investigation was carried out under greenhouse conditions to determine the infection capacity of these 11 possible causative agents, in 150-day-old plants of two yam genetic materials (0307-49SB y 0307-50CB). The results indicated that morphotypes DH2 (Lasiodiplodia theobromae), DH11 (Curvularia aeria), DH20 (Aspergillus niger), and DH17 (Fusarium equiseti), showed the highest infection capacity to yam tubers, regardless of the genetic material. Therefore, they were considered as the main causal agents of the disease in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The remaining seven (7) morphotypes, despite having been inoculated in the roots of the plants, showed minor effects on tubers and affected other organs of the plant, especially stems and aerial part of yam plant. This study allows concentrating the research on these four morphotypes to develop crop management strategies that might allow reducing the incidence of this disease in the Caribbean region of Colombia.
块茎干腐病是哥伦比亚加勒比地区薯蓣生产中最具破坏性的病害之一。该病害侵袭块茎,在栽培过程中造成生产损失。在以前的实验中,在哥伦比亚加勒比地区的山药作物中分离出11种真菌形态型,并将其与该病联系起来。本研究在温室条件下对两种山药遗传材料(0307-49SB和0307-50CB)的150日生植株进行了调查,以确定这11种可能的病原体的侵染能力。结果表明,无论遗传物质如何,形态型DH2 (Lasiodiplodia theobromae)、DH11 (Curvularia aeria)、DH20 (Aspergillus niger)和DH17 (Fusarium equiseti)对山药块茎的侵染能力最高。因此,它们被认为是哥伦比亚加勒比地区该病的主要致病因素。其余7种形态,尽管已经接种到植物的根部,但对块茎的影响较小,对植物的其他器官,特别是茎和地生部分的影响较小。这项研究可以集中研究这四种形态,以制定作物管理战略,从而可能减少哥伦比亚加勒比地区该病的发病率。
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引用次数: 0
La trucha (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Potenciales productos alimenticios derivados del principal recurso acuícola en regiones altoandinas 鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss):来自高安第斯地区主要水产养殖资源的潜在食物
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.279
M. Flores, D. Roldán-Acero
Trout was introduced in our country in 1928 and managed to adapt to the freshwater ecosystems of the Peruvian highlands. It currently represents the economic livelihood of many micro and small-scale fish farmers, together with medium and large companies in regions such as Puno, Pasco, Huancavelica and Junín, whose growth in recent years has been considerable. The 71.98% of this resource was destined for consumption in its fresh state and only 28.02% was processed as frozen, which shows the lack of diversification of value-added products in the production chain of this sweet aquaculture species, together with a shortage of research. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compile the latest studies, carried out in different countries, related to the processing of this species because it is an excellent raw material due to its nutritional value and techno-functional characteristics. The research work collected covered the use of traditional methods and technologies such as marinating, salting, drying, and smoking, as well as innovative restructuring processes applied to trout minced muscle and filleting by-products. These investigations found that the different food products were differentiated by their physical and sensory attributes, techno-functional properties, shelf life and/or preparation. With this review, we hope to contribute to the triple helix model focused on this resource, from and for the Andes, to promote its sustained production, productive chain, and food security for the inhabitants of the Andean regions.
鳟鱼于1928年引进我国,并设法适应了秘鲁高地的淡水生态系统。目前,它代表了普诺、帕斯科、万卡维利卡和Junín等地区许多微型和小规模养鱼户以及大中型公司的经济生计,这些公司近年来的增长相当可观。该资源的71.98%以新鲜状态消费,只有28.02%以冷冻方式加工,这表明该甜水产养殖品种的生产链中附加值产品缺乏多样化,研究不足。因此,本研究的目的是汇编在不同国家进行的有关该物种加工的最新研究,因为它具有营养价值和技术功能特性,是一种极好的原料。收集的研究工作包括传统方法和技术的使用,如腌制、腌制、干燥和烟熏,以及应用于鳟鱼碎肌肉和鱼片副产品的创新重组过程。这些调查发现,不同的食品通过其物理和感官属性、技术功能特性、保质期和/或制备来区分。通过这一综述,我们希望对以安第斯山脉为中心的这种资源的三螺旋模型做出贡献,以促进其持续生产,生产链和安第斯地区居民的粮食安全。
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引用次数: 0
Cálculo y valoración del almacenamiento de carbono del humedal altoandino de Chalhuanca, Arequipa (Perú) 秘鲁阿雷基帕Chalhuanca高安第斯湿地碳储存的计算与评估
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.314
Tania Alvis-Ccoropuna, J. F. Villasante-Benavides, G. A. Pauca-Tanco, J. P. Quispe-Turpo, C. Luque-Fernández
High Andean wetlands are important ecosystems due to their ecosystem services. Carbon storage is a result of the low decomposition rate due to flooded soils and low temperatures. Consequently, this study estimated the carbon content stored in the high Andean wetland of Chalhuanca and calculated the economic value of this service. For this purpose, 30 samples were taken at random, establishing three carbon pools: aboveground biomass (leaves and stems), belowground biomass (roots), and organic soil. The samples were obtained with an auger-type device; each sample was dried at 65°C for at least 24 hours and the carbon content was determined using the Walkey-Black method and calculations and statistical tests were performed. The total carbon stored in relation to the area of the wetland was approximately 795,415.65 tons of CO2. The fraction of carbon per sample is higher in aerial biomass (49%), followed by organic soil (43.1%) and below ground biomass. On the other hand, the amount of carbon stored differs significantly between reservoirs, since organic soil stores the highest amount with 218.3 TC/ha (90%), followed by below-ground biomass (roots) with 19.7 TC/ha (8%), and above-ground biomass (leaves and stems) with 4.8 TC/ha (2%). Finally, the ecosystem service of carbon storage amounts to a cost of 6462.18 USD/ha, 5703132.34 USD in sum.
安第斯高原湿地具有重要的生态系统功能。碳储存是由于淹水土壤和低温造成的低分解率的结果。因此,本研究估算了Chalhuanca高安第斯湿地的碳储量,并计算了该服务的经济价值。为此,随机抽取30个样本,建立地上生物量(叶和茎)、地下生物量(根)和有机土壤3个碳库。样品是用螺旋装置获得的;每个样品在65°C下干燥至少24小时,使用Walkey-Black法测定碳含量,并进行计算和统计检验。与湿地面积相关的总碳储量约为795,415.65吨CO2。每个样品的碳含量在空气生物量中较高(49%),其次是有机土壤(43.1%)和地下生物量。土壤碳储量最大,为218.3 TC/ha(90%),其次为地下生物量(根)19.7 TC/ha(8%),地上生物量(叶和茎)4.8 TC/ha(2%)。碳储量的生态系统服务成本为6462.18美元/公顷,总成本为5703132.34美元。
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引用次数: 7
Revistas depredadoras: una amenaza a la integridad y calidad científica 掠夺性期刊:对科学诚信和质量的威胁
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.319
Edwin Gustavo Estrada Araoz, Néstor Antonio Gallegos Ramos
During the last few years, scientific production through research articles has increased, however, it is necessary to be certain that thescientific journals where they are published meet quality and impact indicators, are indexed in important databases (Scopus, Web ofScience, Medline, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, etc.) and that they are not predatory journals. These types of journals publish articles in a fewdays, do not perform peer review, charge processing fees and send e-mails offering their services. In short, they are a threat to scientificintegrity and quality because they publish articles of very low or zero rigor and contribution to science, so researchers should detect themand avoid publishing in them
在过去几年中,通过研究文章产生的科学产出有所增加,然而,有必要确保发表的科学期刊符合质量和影响指标,在重要数据库(Scopus, Web ofScience, Medline, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet等)中被索引,并且它们不是掠夺性期刊。这些类型的期刊在几天内发表文章,不进行同行评议,收取处理费,并发送电子邮件提供服务。简而言之,它们是对科学完整性和质量的威胁,因为它们发表的文章的严谨性和对科学的贡献非常低或为零,因此研究人员应该发现它们并避免在它们上发表文章
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引用次数: 1
Costeo basado en actividades (ABC) en las PYMES e iniciativas innovadoras: ¿opción posible o caduca? 中小企业和创新计划的基于活动的成本计算(ABC):可能的选择还是过时的选择?
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.321
Fortunato Escobar-Mamani, George Argota-Pérez, Víctor Dante Ayaviri Nina, Santotomas Licímaco Aguilar-Pinto, Gabith Miriam Quispe Fernandez, Otto Eulogio Arellano Cepeda
The quantification of production/service costs to determine the market price is fundamental in offering the maximum value of satisfaction. Therefore, management accounting is essential. One of the alternative tools is activity-based costing, known as ABC system, an alternative method to overcome the limitations of traditional indirect cost systems, which somehow distort the actual accounting of costs. Will exploring its development, applicability, challenges and benefits still be a possible option? This study aimed at reviewing the scientific literature produced on the activity-based costing system in recent years, identifying trends of adoption and challegnes of implementation in various manufacturing and service firms. High impact journals indexed in PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, among others, were analyzed. The results show an increase of publications on the implementation of the ABC system in PubMed (855 publications), WoS (1131) and Scopus (2535). The results show that its applicability remains a possible option as an alternative costing tool for SME managers or owners. This study concludes that the application of the ABC system is adequate to determine real costs and could guarantee more reasonable and competitive prices in the market. However, there is still resistance to its implementation due to human and technological ignorance.
量化生产/服务成本以确定市场价格是提供最大满意价值的基础。因此,管理会计是必不可少的。其中一种替代工具是作业成本法,即ABC系统,这是一种克服传统间接成本系统局限性的替代方法,传统间接成本系统在某种程度上扭曲了成本的实际核算。探索它的发展、适用性、挑战和好处仍然是一个可能的选择吗?这项研究的目的是审查近年来关于作业成本计算系统的科学文献,确定各种制造和服务公司采用的趋势和实施的挑战。对PubMed、Web of Science (WoS)、Scopus等收录的高影响力期刊进行了分析。结果表明,在PubMed(855篇)、WoS(1131篇)和Scopus(2535篇)中,关于ABC系统实施的论文数量有所增加。结果表明,它的适用性仍然是一个可能的选择,作为一个替代成本核算工具的中小企业的管理者或业主。本研究的结论是,作业成本法的应用足以确定实际成本,可以保证在市场上更加合理和有竞争力的价格。然而,由于人类和技术的无知,它的实施仍然存在阻力。
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引用次数: 1
OPTIMIZACION DE UNA FORMULACIÓN DE BUTIFARRA DULCE SECA CON CARNE DE LLAMA, PECANAS Y KAÑIWA 用火焰肉、山核桃和kaniwa优化干甜BUTIFARRA配方
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.18271/RIA.2021.232
B. S. Ruiz, Carlos Elías Peñafiel, Judith Larico Condori
In the formulation of dried sweet sausage, pork meat and fat are traditionally used, which can be replaced by healthy products such as pecans (Carya illinoinensis) and kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule); as well as llama meat (Lama glama) that is low in fat and cholesterol. For this reason, the present investigation aimed to optimize a formulation of dried sweet sausage considering three main components: llama meat, kañiwa flour and pecans. The D-Optimal mixture design method of the Design-Expert®7 program was applied, obtaining fourteen formulations. For each formulation, color, water activity and texture profile were evaluated. Only the cohesiveness fit a meaningful mathematical model. Subsequently, the optimization of the variable response was carried out, using the desirability function of the "objective value" type, so that the product could resemble the target (sausage made with pork meat and fat). In the sensory analysis of the optimal formulation, four sensory attributes were evaluated: color, odor, taste and texture, in a Z test to demonstrate whether the sample mean of the degree of satisfaction for each attribute of the product was acceptable or not. All these attributes are believed to be above the population mean taken as a target. In conclusion, the optimal formula was composed of 80% llama meat and 20% pecans, observing that kañiwa flour did not improve the texture and color of the sausage.
在甜干肠的配方中,传统上使用猪肉和脂肪,可以用山核桃(山核桃)和kañiwa(白胡桃)等健康产品代替;以及低脂肪和低胆固醇的羊驼肉。为此,本研究以羊驼肉、kañiwa面粉和山核桃为主要原料,对甜干肠的配方进行了优化。采用design - expert®7程序的D-Optimal混合设计方法,得到14个配方。对每种配方的颜色、水活度和质地进行了评估。只有凝聚力适合有意义的数学模型。随后,利用“目标值”型的可取性函数对变量响应进行优化,使产品与目标(猪肉和肥肉制成的香肠)相似。在最优配方的感官分析中,对产品的颜色、气味、味道和质地四个感官属性进行了评价,并进行了Z检验,以证明产品各属性满意度的样本均值是否可以接受。所有这些属性都被认为高于作为目标的总体平均值。综上所述,最佳配方为80%羊驼肉和20%山核桃,kañiwa面粉对香肠的质地和颜色没有改善作用。
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引用次数: 1
Nutritional management of Cavia porcellus L. in the Andes of Colombia 哥伦比亚安第斯山脉鱼尾草的营养管理
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.18271/RIA.2021.190
J. Iglesias, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, D. C. Vargas, Luz Dary Carlosama Ojeda, P. A. Lopez
The Cavia porcellus L. systems implemented by small producers in Colombia have been slow to apply the processes of development and incorporation of feeding practices and technology in nutritional support. The objective of this study was to determine the feeding practices and technology in nutritional support implemented and projected in the C. porcellus L. systems by the producers. Four components were evaluated in 404 C. porcellus L.  units and 29 focus groups: demography, identification of the production unit, implemented feeding practices, technology in nutrition and feeding, and the C. porcellus L. producers' perspectives. A Pearson Chi-squared test, a Tukey’s T-test, and a Multiple Linear Regression were used to evaluate the differences between regions using SPSS software version 20. The average area of C. porcellus L. -producing units corresponded to 0.35 ha (Narino) and 0.17 ha (Putumayo). The predominant food base was forage (67%) produced on the farm (83%). There were significant differences between regions, with a p 0.05) most frequently. Our data show that C. porcellus L. systems in the study area not only have a high potential in the diversity of the forage supplements that makes up the diets but also in the development and implementation of feeding practices and technology in nutrition and animal feeding.
哥伦比亚小生产者实施的牛蒡鱼系统在将发展和纳入喂养方法和技术的过程应用于营养支持方面进展缓慢。本研究的目的是确定生产者在牛弧菌系统中实施和计划的营养支持的喂养方法和技术。对404个牛蒡单位和29个焦点小组进行了人口统计、生产单位的确定、实施的饲养方法、营养和饲养技术以及牛蒡生产者的观点等四个方面的评估。使用SPSS软件20版,采用Pearson卡方检验、Tukey’s t检验和多元线性回归对地区间差异进行评价。产C. porcellus L.的平均面积分别为0.35 ha (Narino)和0.17 ha (Putumayo)。主要的食物基础是农场生产的饲料(67%)(83%)。不同地区间差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。我们的数据表明,研究区域的C. porcellus L.系统不仅在组成日粮的饲料添加剂多样性方面具有很高的潜力,而且在营养和动物饲养的饲养实践和技术的开发和实施方面也具有很高的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
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