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Variación del color de macroalga Lessonia trabeculata deshidratada con secador de rayos infrarrojos 红外线干燥机干燥的小梁大藻颜色变化
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2022.309
Daphne H. Castro Arata, Yuri K. Castillo Flores, Edwin L lamoca Domínguez, Joanuel Anthony Quinteros, Sheda Méndez Ancca
Fishmeal concentrates a high percentage of protein and its monetary cost is relatively high, searching for possible alternatives in macroalgae for improvement purposes is an option. Color is a fundamental characteristic of food, however, drying by the Infrared method as an emerging technology for the study of the macroalga Lessonia trabeculata is little studied. For this reason, the degradation and change of color in the drying process by infrared rays (IR) at different temperatures 40°C, 55°C and 70°C were objectively characterized with the color space scale (CIE-L*a *b*), through the use of a spectrophotometer. Drying was carried out with infrared rays in an infrared radiant heating chamber with a power of 4.5kW, 20.5 Amps. The results indicate that the best color treatment determined was for the macroalga Lessonia trabeculata at a temperature of 40°C with values for: L*= 44.758±0.227, a*= -1.564 ± 0.016 and b*= 11.050±0.017; obtaining a first order kinetics for logarithmic scale corresponding to the parameters L*.b* as a function of time, likewise an activation energy value of Ea = 24.062 KJ/mol and the Arrhenius constant k0 = 0.0197 min- was reached. one. It is concluded that there is inverse variability between the color of the macroalgae and the temperature applied in the drying process; being the values of the color parameters L*, a*, b* of the macroalga decreases as the temperature increases, thereby leading to color degradation.
鱼粉浓缩了高比例的蛋白质,其货币成本相对较高,寻找大型藻类的可能替代品以改善目的是一种选择。颜色是食物的基本特征,然而,红外干燥技术作为研究小梁藻的新兴技术,研究很少。为此,利用分光光度计,用彩色空间标度(CIE-L*a *b*)客观表征了不同温度(40°C、55°C和70°C)下红外(IR)在干燥过程中的降解和颜色变化。在功率为4.5kW, 20.5安培的红外辐射加热室中使用红外线进行干燥。结果表明,在40℃条件下对小梁藻进行最佳显色处理,其值分别为:L*= 44.758±0.227,a*= -1.564±0.016,b*= 11.050±0.017;得到与参数L*对应的对数尺度的一级动力学。b*作为时间的函数,得到活化能Ea = 24.062 KJ/mol, Arrhenius常数k0 = 0.0197 min-。一个。结果表明:大藻的颜色与干燥温度成反比;为大藻的颜色参数L*、a*、b*的值随着温度的升高而减小,从而导致颜色退化。
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引用次数: 1
Impacto del COVID-19 en la demanda de turismo internacional del Perú. Una aplicación de la metodología Box-Jenkins COVID-19对秘鲁国际旅游需求的影响。Box-Jenkins方法论的应用
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2022.317
Juan Walter Tudela-Mamani, Elías Cahui-Cahui, Grisell Aliaga-Melo
In recent years, tourism has taken on considerable importance as a factor of economic and social development in the world, contributing not only to the economic growth of developing countries, but also to the improvement of the quality of life of the people involved in the sector. However, given the global health crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19), the tourism sector was one of the most affected sectors due to the various public safety policies adopted by different countries in the world, especially by European countries that account for more than 50% of international tourism in the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East. The objective of this research was to estimate and project international tourism demand in Peru with monthly time series data from January 2003 to December 2020 through a seasonal ARIMA process proposed by Box-Jenkins called SARIMA. The results show that the seasonal ARIMA model (1,1,1)(0,1,1,1)12 was appropriate for the projection given the Akaike (AIC) and Schwarz (SC) criteria. The model estimates a parsimonious cyclical recovery of international tourist arrivals to our country; however, the evolution of COVID-19 in public health maintains uncertainty about new challenges in the tourism sector that would allow its sustainability and resilience over time. Immediate fiscal and monetary measures are urgently needed to safeguard employment and survival mechanisms for businesses.
近年来,旅游业作为世界经济和社会发展的一个重要因素,不仅对发展中国家的经济增长作出了贡献,而且对提高该部门人民的生活质量作出了贡献。然而,鉴于冠状病毒(COVID-19)引发的全球卫生危机,由于世界各国采取的各种公共安全政策,特别是占美洲、非洲和中东国际旅游业50%以上的欧洲国家,旅游业成为受影响最大的部门之一。本研究的目的是通过Box-Jenkins提出的季节性ARIMA过程(SARIMA),利用2003年1月至2020年12月的每月时间序列数据,估计和预测秘鲁的国际旅游需求。结果表明,在Akaike (AIC)和Schwarz (SC)准则下,季节ARIMA模型(1,1,1)(0,1,1,1)12适合于预测。该模型估计,我国国际游客入境人数的周期性复苏幅度不大;然而,2019冠状病毒病在公共卫生领域的演变使旅游部门面临的新挑战仍存在不确定性,这将使其能够长期保持可持续性和复原力。迫切需要立即采取财政和货币措施,保障就业和企业生存机制。
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引用次数: 3
Caracterización de fincas hortícolas en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá 巴拿马塞罗蓬塔园艺农场的特征,chiriqui
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/RIA.2021.329
R. Herrera, R. Collantes, Martín Caballero, Javier Pittí
The objective of this study was to characterize horticultural farms in Cerro Punta, Tierras Altas (Chiriqui, Panama), on socioeconomic and agro-environmental aspects, with emphasis on the pesticides used. Thirty-one farms were randomly selected, and producers were surveyed. In addition, random soil sampling was carried out in five locations for physical-chemical and residue analysis of pesticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorines. According to the results, 48% of the respondents were between 41 and 55 years of age, 39% had primary school education and 55% belonged to producer associations. The five main crops are potatoes, carrots, cabbage, lettuce, and onions, and 26% raise animals. Production costs ranged from less than USD 3500 to more than USD 14000 per hectare per year; yields ranged from 3.68 t · ha-1 to 52.62 t ·ha-1, associated with the technologies implemented. Seventy-seven percent of the producers use untreated poultry manure, and 36 different pesticides are used in the area. Fifty-two percent use full personal protective equipment. Laboratory analyses show that the soils are of the Andisol order, with pH between 5.7 and 6.5, organic matter content between 1.34% and 4.34% and effective cation exchange capacity between 8.04 and 26.75.
这项研究的目的是对Tierras Altas(巴拿马Chiriqui) Cerro Punta的园艺农场进行社会经济和农业环境方面的分析,重点是农药的使用情况。随机选择了31个农场,对生产者进行了调查。此外,在5个地点进行了随机土壤取样,对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯和有机氯等农药进行了理化和残留分析。结果显示,48%的受访者年龄在41岁至55岁之间,39%的受访者受过小学教育,55%的受访者属于生产者协会。五种主要作物是土豆、胡萝卜、卷心菜、生菜和洋葱,26%的人饲养动物。生产成本从每年每公顷3500美元以下到14000美元以上不等;不同技术的产量变化范围为3.68 ~ 52.62 t·ha-1。77%的生产商使用未经处理的家禽粪便,该地区使用了36种不同的杀虫剂。52%的人使用全套个人防护装备。室内分析表明,土壤pH值在5.7 ~ 6.5之间,有机质含量在1.34% ~ 4.34%之间,有效阳离子交换量在8.04 ~ 26.75之间。
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引用次数: 2
Respuesta del ñame espino a diferentes densidades de siembra y altura de espalderas 山药对不同种植密度和肩高的响应
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.271
R. E. Támara Morelos, L. L. Luna Castellanos, A. E. Espitia Montes, R. N. Novoa Yánez, Sol Mara Regino Hernández, Victor Alfonso De La Ossa Albis
The tubers of spiny yam are one of the main food sources for producers in the Caribbean region of Colombia. However, the productivity of the crop is low due to the scarce use of sustainable management practices that contribute to its improvement. In this sense, a study was conducted at the Turipaná Research Center of Agrosavia, El Carmen de Bolívar, with the objective of evaluating the response in yield of purple stalk hawthorn yam cv. purple stalk to different planting densities and trellis heights. Six treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block experimental design with a split plot arrangement, the main plot corresponded to two densities (14,285 plants ha-1 and 20,000 plants ha-1) and the subplots to three trellis heights (1.6 m; 2.0 m and 2.4 m). Planting density was the only factor that significantly influenced yield; the use of 20,000 plants ha-1 increased yield by 28.68% compared to the lowest density. The use of supports with heights of 2.4 m in combination with either of the two planting densities induced the production of tubers unsuitable for commercialization. The findings of this research suggest that increasing plant density could be a safe measure to increase yields and economic efficiency in the cultivation of hawthorn yam. Future evaluations are needed on stand height and number of plants to tie per stand.
带刺山药的块茎是哥伦比亚加勒比地区生产者的主要食物来源之一。然而,由于很少采用有助于提高产量的可持续管理做法,这种作物的生产率很低。为此,在El Carmen de Bolívar Agrosavia turipana研究中心进行了一项研究,目的是评估紫茎山楂山药cv对产量的响应。紫茎对不同种植密度和格架高度的影响。6个处理采用完全随机区组试验设计,分块布置,主样地对应2个密度(14285株hm -1和20000株hm -1),子样地对应3个格架高度(1.6 m;2.0 m和2.4 m),种植密度是唯一显著影响产量的因素;2万株hm -1处理较最低密度增产28.68%。使用2.4米高的支架,再加上两种种植密度中的任何一种,都会导致块茎的生产不适合商业化。研究结果表明,增加种植密度是提高山楂栽培产量和经济效益的安全措施。未来需要对林分高度和每林分种植的植物数量进行评价。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidantes y polifenoles totales de chocolate negro con incorporación de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) crudo 总抗氧化剂和多酚黑巧克力与可可(可可树可可L.)生
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.331
Clorinda Yordana chacón Ortiz, Pati Llanina Mori Culqui, Segundo G. Chávez
Cocoa and its main derivative, chocolate, are an important source of antioxidant compounds for human nutrition. Polyphenols are the main antioxidants present in chocolate and are affected by the industrialisation processes of cocoa beans. In this regard, the effect of incorporating raw cocoa during the final stage of the refining process on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of dark chocolate was studied. For this purpose, dark chocolates (70%) were made with the incorporation of raw cocoa paste (10, 20 and 30% w/w) in the final refining stage. The antioxidant capacity of all the treatments was determined by the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and the total phenolic content by the Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. It was observed that the incorporation of raw cocoa significantly increases the content of antioxidants and total polyphenols in chocolate. As the dose of raw cocoa increases, the antioxidant activity of the chocolate increases linearly (R2=0.996); on the other hand, the polyphenol content increases exponentially (R2=0.968). Only the lowest dose (10%) doubles the phenolic content and the ratio decreases with higher doses of incorporation. The results suggest that the incorporation of raw cocoa in the formulations makes it possible to obtain chocolates with high phenolic content, improving the technological processes for using cocoa produced in the tropical Andes to develop bioactive chocolates, in line with new consumer demand.
可可及其主要衍生物巧克力是人体营养中抗氧化化合物的重要来源。多酚是巧克力中主要的抗氧化剂,受到可可豆工业化过程的影响。为此,研究了在精制的最后阶段加入生可可对黑巧克力抗氧化能力和酚类物质含量的影响。为此,在最后的精炼阶段,黑巧克力(70%)与原料可可浆(10%,20%和30% w/w)的掺入。采用DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼)法测定各处理的抗氧化能力,采用Folin Ciocalteu分光光度法测定总酚含量。实验结果表明,在巧克力中加入生可可可显著提高巧克力中抗氧化剂和总多酚的含量。随着原料可可添加量的增加,巧克力的抗氧化活性呈线性增加(R2=0.996);多酚含量呈指数增长(R2=0.968)。只有最低剂量(10%)的酚含量增加了一倍,随着掺入剂量的增加,这一比例降低。结果表明,在配方中加入生可可可以获得高酚含量的巧克力,改进了使用热带安第斯山脉生产的可可开发生物活性巧克力的技术过程,符合新的消费者需求。
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引用次数: 0
Estimación del consumo de forraje para dos biotipos bovinos lecheros en el trópico altoandino de Nariño, Colombia: Consumo materia seca bovinos 哥伦比亚narino高安第斯热带地区两种奶牛生物型饲料消耗量的估计:牛干物质消耗量
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.301
Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias, Yesid Avellaneda Avellaneda, Edwin Castro Rincón
The implementation of efficient grazing technologies in high mountain cattle ranches in the department of Nariño (Colombia) increases the sustainability of these production systems and promotes the conservation of the landscape design. With the objective of evaluating the dry matter intake of F1 (Kiwi-cross x Holstein) and Holstein cattle biotypes, present in hillside areas of the Nariño mountain, a preliminary trial of individual consumption of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was carried out in Pasto (Nariño-Colombia) with the gauging technique, and the results were compared with models reported in the literature. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with repeated measures over time. Intake per gauging was higher (p<0.05) in Holstein cows, with respect to F1 cows (12.74 vs. 9.69 kg/dry-matter/day), but per unit live weight was similar (p>0.05). On the other hand, the milk composition of F1 cows was superior (p<0.05) for fat, protein, and total solids (%). In conclusion, the two breeds evaluated recorded the same forage intake capacity as a function of live weight, but, due to the larger size of the Holstein cows the absolute intake was higher, indicating that an adjustment in forage supply should be made according to the size of the animals. This work contributes to improve grazing techniques, making the use of pastures and their environment more sustainable, which favors productive efficiency and improves the quality of life for the producer families in the area.
在Nariño省(哥伦比亚)的高山牧场实施高效放牧技术,增加了这些生产系统的可持续性,并促进了景观设计的保护。为评价Nariño山山坡地区F1 (kiwix Holstein)和荷斯坦牛(Holstein)生物型的干物质采食量,在Pasto (Nariño-Colombia)进行了黑麦草(Lolium perenne)个体耗量的初步试验,并与文献报道的模型进行了比较。数据分析采用完全随机设计,随时间重复测量。每次测量的进食量更高(p0.05)。另一方面,F1奶牛的乳成分中脂肪、蛋白质和总固形物(%)均优于其他奶牛(p<0.05)。综上所述,评价的两个品种的采食量与活重的关系相同,但由于荷斯坦奶牛体型较大,绝对采食量较高,应根据动物体型调整饲料供应。这项工作有助于改进放牧技术,使牧场及其环境的利用更具可持续性,从而提高生产效率,改善该地区生产者家庭的生活质量。
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引用次数: 1
Mecanismos de inducción de rizobios para reducir el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas 根瘤菌诱导降低豆科植物干旱胁迫的机制
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.263
Nery Santillana Villanueva
Drought is one of the main limitations of agricultural productivity and food security, in Andean mountain. The use of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in symbiosis with legumes, and tolerant to a wide range of adverse conditions, such as drought, is a great potential in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this review is to compile studies about drought stress effect on the legume-rhizobia symbiosis and rhizobia mechanisms to induce drought tolerance in legumes. The search for information was conducted from August to December 2020, using key terms. The drought effect on the nodulation and atmospheric nitrogen fixation process is made known, as well as the rhizobia ability to synthesize exopolysaccharides, enzymes, phytohormones, siderophores, osmolytes and solubilize phosphates as induction mechanisms to mitigate drought stress in legumes. This review will serve to propose future research using rhizobia to mitigate the drought effect on the legumes cultivation in environments such as the Andean mountains.
干旱是安第斯山区农业生产力和粮食安全的主要限制之一。利用大气固氮根瘤菌与豆科植物共生,并能耐受干旱等多种不利条件,在可持续农业中具有很大的潜力。本文综述了干旱胁迫对豆科植物与根瘤菌共生关系的影响,以及根瘤菌诱导豆科植物抗旱的机制。信息搜索于2020年8月至12月进行,使用关键术语。干旱对豆科植物结瘤和大气固氮过程的影响,以及根瘤菌合成外多糖、酶、植物激素、铁载体、渗透物和可溶性磷酸盐的能力,都是缓解干旱胁迫的诱导机制。本综述将为今后在安第斯山脉等环境下利用根瘤菌缓解干旱对豆科植物栽培的影响提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
Censo de aves acuáticas y conservación de humedales en las vertientes altoandinas del Perú 秘鲁高安第斯斜坡水鸟普查和湿地保护
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.310
Victor Manuel Pulido Capurro, Ernesto Málaga Arenas, David Velarde Falconí, Dominga Micaela Cano, Edith Soledad Olivera Carhuaz, Jessica Acevedo Flores
Bird censuses in Peru began in the early twentieth century with seabird censuses carried out by the Compañía Peruana del Guano and later by IMARPE. Between 1992 and 2016 annual censuses were carried out, in 61 wetlands, in 12 departments of Peru, recording a total of 151 species between resident and migratory. The censuses constitute a great contribution to the knowledge of waterbird species and to the synergies between institutions and ornithologists who, through volunteering, compile important information for species conservation and wetland management in the Andean slopes. The taxonomic composition of the species, the importance of censuses, the migration routes of birds from the Nearctic, southern and high Andean regions, and the protected areas in the conservation of wetlands and biodiversity are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to carry out a historical analysis of the censuses and their contribution to the knowledge of waterbirds carried out in the last three decades with special reference to the conservation of wetlands in the Andean slopes in Peru.
秘鲁的鸟类普查始于20世纪初,由Compañía秘鲁瓜诺和后来由IMARPE进行的海鸟普查。1992年至2016年期间,在秘鲁12个省的61个湿地进行了年度普查,记录了151种常住和迁徙物种。普查对水鸟种类的知识作出了巨大贡献,并对各机构和鸟类学家之间的协同作用作出了巨大贡献。鸟类学家通过志愿服务,为安第斯山坡上的物种保护和湿地管理汇编了重要的信息。分析了鸟类的分类学组成、普查的重要性、新北极、南安第斯和高安第斯地区鸟类的迁徙路线以及保护区对湿地和生物多样性的保护作用。本文的目的是对过去三十年中进行的普查及其对水鸟知识的贡献进行历史分析,特别涉及秘鲁安第斯山坡湿地的保护。
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引用次数: 2
Efecto de la duración de cópula en la respuesta ovulatoria y tasa de preñez en alpacas 交配时间对羊驼排卵反应和怀孕率的影响
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.296
Madeley Gladys Hilasaca Mamani, Jesús Martín Urviola Sánchez, Francisco Halley Rodríguez Huanca, Víctor Raúl Leyva Vallejos
An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Center La Raya-Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, to determine the effect of copulation duration on ovulation and pregnancy in alpacas. 47 adult females were used (postpartum time ≥ 20 days and presence of a follicle ≥ 7 mm) distributed in three groups, according to copulation time: 20, 35 and 50 min, for G1 (n = 15), G2 (n = 16) and G3 (n = 16), respectively. For the mating, 6 reproducers of proven fertility were used, interrupting the copulation at the established time. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were evaluated on days 7 and 30 post service respectively (by ultrasound and receptivity of the female), the data were analyzed using X2 and simple correspondence. Both the ovulation rate (G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 81.25%); and pregnancy (G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 75%) were not different (P> 0.05). Pregnancy rates between G1 and G2 tended to be different (P <0.10), consistent with the simple correspondence analysis. Despite there being no differences in ovulation and pregnancy rates, there was a higher percentage trend in G2 and G3, suggesting that the longer duration of mating would have some positive effect on them, according to the simple correspondence analysis, and the trend of low significance (P <0.10) in favor of pregnancy in G2 compared to G1. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in the effect of copulation duration on ovulation; however, there was a 90% trend for the difference between mating duration of 35 minutes versus 20 minutes (in pregnancy).
在La raya - national university del Altiplano Puno实验中心进行了一项实验,以确定交尾时间对羊驼排卵和怀孕的影响。选取产后≥20天、卵泡≥7 mm的成年母熊47只,按交配时间20、35、50 min分为3组,G1组(n = 15)、G2组(n = 16)、G3组(n = 16)。在交配时,使用6个已证实生育能力的繁殖体,在既定时间中断交配。分别于产后第7天和第30天测定排卵率和受孕率(超声和受孕率),采用X2和简单对应法对数据进行分析。排卵率(G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25%, G3: 81.25%);妊娠期(G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25%, G3: 75%)差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。G1和G2的妊娠率有差异趋势(P <0.10),符合简单对应分析。虽然排卵率和妊娠率没有差异,但G2和G3的百分比趋势较高,简单对应分析表明,交配时间较长对它们有一定的积极影响,G2比G1更有利于妊娠的低显著性趋势(P <0.10)。综上所述,交尾时间对排卵的影响无显著差异;然而,在35分钟的交配时间和20分钟的交配时间(怀孕期间)之间有90%的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Impacto económico del cambio climático en cultivo de quinua (chenopodium quinoa willd) orgánica en la Región del Altiplano: un enfoque Ricardiano 气候变化对高原地区有机藜麦(藜麦野生)种植的经济影响:李嘉图方法
IF 0.5 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18271/ria.2021.239
Eusebio Benique Olivera
The climate crisis is affecting the production yield of rice, wheat, corn, coffee, beans and other food crops in the country and internationally. The objective of the research was to quantify the impact of climate change on the net income of organic quinoa producers under dry farming conditions in the Altiplano region. Using the Ricardian approach, the impact of climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) on the yield of organic quinoa was estimated in the districts of Cabana, Capachica and Ilave in the Altiplano region, and with primary data collected through a survey to A sample of 237 farmers estimated the value of land productivity. The climatic variables were provided by the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Puno. The results reveal an average production of 1,497 kilos per hectare, obtaining a net income of 14,969 soles per hectare, for a market price of 9.60 soles per kilo. The adaptability of the quinoa producer to climate change was relevant to improve the productivity of the crop. In conclusion, the impact of the agroclimatic variables on the productivity-economic income of organic quinoa producers was marginal in the 2015-2016 agricultural season in the Puno Region.
气候危机正在影响该国和国际上水稻、小麦、玉米、咖啡、豆类和其他粮食作物的产量。这项研究的目的是量化气候变化对高原地区干旱农业条件下有机藜麦生产者净收入的影响。利用李嘉图方法,估计了气候变量(温度和降水)对Altiplano地区Cabana、Capachica和Ilave地区有机藜麦产量的影响,并通过对237名农民样本的调查收集了原始数据,估计了土地生产力的价值。气候变量由普诺国家气象和水文服务局提供。结果显示,每公顷平均产量为1497公斤,每公顷净收入为14969鞋底,市场价格为每公斤9.60鞋底。藜麦生产者对气候变化的适应性与作物生产力的提高有关。综上所述,2015-2016年普诺地区农业气候变量对有机藜麦生产者生产力经济收入的影响是边际的。
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引用次数: 1
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