Daphne H. Castro Arata, Yuri K. Castillo Flores, Edwin L lamoca Domínguez, Joanuel Anthony Quinteros, Sheda Méndez Ancca
Fishmeal concentrates a high percentage of protein and its monetary cost is relatively high, searching for possible alternatives in macroalgae for improvement purposes is an option. Color is a fundamental characteristic of food, however, drying by the Infrared method as an emerging technology for the study of the macroalga Lessonia trabeculata is little studied. For this reason, the degradation and change of color in the drying process by infrared rays (IR) at different temperatures 40°C, 55°C and 70°C were objectively characterized with the color space scale (CIE-L*a *b*), through the use of a spectrophotometer. Drying was carried out with infrared rays in an infrared radiant heating chamber with a power of 4.5kW, 20.5 Amps. The results indicate that the best color treatment determined was for the macroalga Lessonia trabeculata at a temperature of 40°C with values for: L*= 44.758±0.227, a*= -1.564 ± 0.016 and b*= 11.050±0.017; obtaining a first order kinetics for logarithmic scale corresponding to the parameters L*.b* as a function of time, likewise an activation energy value of Ea = 24.062 KJ/mol and the Arrhenius constant k0 = 0.0197 min- was reached. one. It is concluded that there is inverse variability between the color of the macroalgae and the temperature applied in the drying process; being the values of the color parameters L*, a*, b* of the macroalga decreases as the temperature increases, thereby leading to color degradation.
{"title":"Variación del color de macroalga Lessonia trabeculata deshidratada con secador de rayos infrarrojos","authors":"Daphne H. Castro Arata, Yuri K. Castillo Flores, Edwin L lamoca Domínguez, Joanuel Anthony Quinteros, Sheda Méndez Ancca","doi":"10.18271/ria.2022.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2022.309","url":null,"abstract":"Fishmeal concentrates a high percentage of protein and its monetary cost is relatively high, searching for possible alternatives in macroalgae for improvement purposes is an option. Color is a fundamental characteristic of food, however, drying by the Infrared method as an emerging technology for the study of the macroalga Lessonia trabeculata is little studied. For this reason, the degradation and change of color in the drying process by infrared rays (IR) at different temperatures 40°C, 55°C and 70°C were objectively characterized with the color space scale (CIE-L*a *b*), through the use of a spectrophotometer. Drying was carried out with infrared rays in an infrared radiant heating chamber with a power of 4.5kW, 20.5 Amps. The results indicate that the best color treatment determined was for the macroalga Lessonia trabeculata at a temperature of 40°C with values for: L*= 44.758±0.227, a*= -1.564 ± 0.016 and b*= 11.050±0.017; obtaining a first order kinetics for logarithmic scale corresponding to the parameters L*.b* as a function of time, likewise an activation energy value of Ea = 24.062 KJ/mol and the Arrhenius constant k0 = 0.0197 min- was reached. one. It is concluded that there is inverse variability between the color of the macroalgae and the temperature applied in the drying process; being the values of the color parameters L*, a*, b* of the macroalga decreases as the temperature increases, thereby leading to color degradation.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89755023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Walter Tudela-Mamani, Elías Cahui-Cahui, Grisell Aliaga-Melo
In recent years, tourism has taken on considerable importance as a factor of economic and social development in the world, contributing not only to the economic growth of developing countries, but also to the improvement of the quality of life of the people involved in the sector. However, given the global health crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19), the tourism sector was one of the most affected sectors due to the various public safety policies adopted by different countries in the world, especially by European countries that account for more than 50% of international tourism in the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East. The objective of this research was to estimate and project international tourism demand in Peru with monthly time series data from January 2003 to December 2020 through a seasonal ARIMA process proposed by Box-Jenkins called SARIMA. The results show that the seasonal ARIMA model (1,1,1)(0,1,1,1)12 was appropriate for the projection given the Akaike (AIC) and Schwarz (SC) criteria. The model estimates a parsimonious cyclical recovery of international tourist arrivals to our country; however, the evolution of COVID-19 in public health maintains uncertainty about new challenges in the tourism sector that would allow its sustainability and resilience over time. Immediate fiscal and monetary measures are urgently needed to safeguard employment and survival mechanisms for businesses.
{"title":"Impacto del COVID-19 en la demanda de turismo internacional del Perú. Una aplicación de la metodología Box-Jenkins","authors":"Juan Walter Tudela-Mamani, Elías Cahui-Cahui, Grisell Aliaga-Melo","doi":"10.18271/ria.2022.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2022.317","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, tourism has taken on considerable importance as a factor of economic and social development in the world, contributing not only to the economic growth of developing countries, but also to the improvement of the quality of life of the people involved in the sector. However, given the global health crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19), the tourism sector was one of the most affected sectors due to the various public safety policies adopted by different countries in the world, especially by European countries that account for more than 50% of international tourism in the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East. The objective of this research was to estimate and project international tourism demand in Peru with monthly time series data from January 2003 to December 2020 through a seasonal ARIMA process proposed by Box-Jenkins called SARIMA. The results show that the seasonal ARIMA model (1,1,1)(0,1,1,1)12 was appropriate for the projection given the Akaike (AIC) and Schwarz (SC) criteria. The model estimates a parsimonious cyclical recovery of international tourist arrivals to our country; however, the evolution of COVID-19 in public health maintains uncertainty about new challenges in the tourism sector that would allow its sustainability and resilience over time. Immediate fiscal and monetary measures are urgently needed to safeguard employment and survival mechanisms for businesses.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84315139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Herrera, R. Collantes, Martín Caballero, Javier Pittí
The objective of this study was to characterize horticultural farms in Cerro Punta, Tierras Altas (Chiriqui, Panama), on socioeconomic and agro-environmental aspects, with emphasis on the pesticides used. Thirty-one farms were randomly selected, and producers were surveyed. In addition, random soil sampling was carried out in five locations for physical-chemical and residue analysis of pesticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorines. According to the results, 48% of the respondents were between 41 and 55 years of age, 39% had primary school education and 55% belonged to producer associations. The five main crops are potatoes, carrots, cabbage, lettuce, and onions, and 26% raise animals. Production costs ranged from less than USD 3500 to more than USD 14000 per hectare per year; yields ranged from 3.68 t · ha-1 to 52.62 t ·ha-1, associated with the technologies implemented. Seventy-seven percent of the producers use untreated poultry manure, and 36 different pesticides are used in the area. Fifty-two percent use full personal protective equipment. Laboratory analyses show that the soils are of the Andisol order, with pH between 5.7 and 6.5, organic matter content between 1.34% and 4.34% and effective cation exchange capacity between 8.04 and 26.75.
{"title":"Caracterización de fincas hortícolas en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá","authors":"R. Herrera, R. Collantes, Martín Caballero, Javier Pittí","doi":"10.18271/RIA.2021.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/RIA.2021.329","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to characterize horticultural farms in Cerro Punta, Tierras Altas (Chiriqui, Panama), on socioeconomic and agro-environmental aspects, with emphasis on the pesticides used. Thirty-one farms were randomly selected, and producers were surveyed. In addition, random soil sampling was carried out in five locations for physical-chemical and residue analysis of pesticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorines. According to the results, 48% of the respondents were between 41 and 55 years of age, 39% had primary school education and 55% belonged to producer associations. The five main crops are potatoes, carrots, cabbage, lettuce, and onions, and 26% raise animals. Production costs ranged from less than USD 3500 to more than USD 14000 per hectare per year; yields ranged from 3.68 t · ha-1 to 52.62 t ·ha-1, associated with the technologies implemented. Seventy-seven percent of the producers use untreated poultry manure, and 36 different pesticides are used in the area. Fifty-two percent use full personal protective equipment. Laboratory analyses show that the soils are of the Andisol order, with pH between 5.7 and 6.5, organic matter content between 1.34% and 4.34% and effective cation exchange capacity between 8.04 and 26.75.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81082038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E. Támara Morelos, L. L. Luna Castellanos, A. E. Espitia Montes, R. N. Novoa Yánez, Sol Mara Regino Hernández, Victor Alfonso De La Ossa Albis
The tubers of spiny yam are one of the main food sources for producers in the Caribbean region of Colombia. However, the productivity of the crop is low due to the scarce use of sustainable management practices that contribute to its improvement. In this sense, a study was conducted at the Turipaná Research Center of Agrosavia, El Carmen de Bolívar, with the objective of evaluating the response in yield of purple stalk hawthorn yam cv. purple stalk to different planting densities and trellis heights. Six treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block experimental design with a split plot arrangement, the main plot corresponded to two densities (14,285 plants ha-1 and 20,000 plants ha-1) and the subplots to three trellis heights (1.6 m; 2.0 m and 2.4 m). Planting density was the only factor that significantly influenced yield; the use of 20,000 plants ha-1 increased yield by 28.68% compared to the lowest density. The use of supports with heights of 2.4 m in combination with either of the two planting densities induced the production of tubers unsuitable for commercialization. The findings of this research suggest that increasing plant density could be a safe measure to increase yields and economic efficiency in the cultivation of hawthorn yam. Future evaluations are needed on stand height and number of plants to tie per stand.
带刺山药的块茎是哥伦比亚加勒比地区生产者的主要食物来源之一。然而,由于很少采用有助于提高产量的可持续管理做法,这种作物的生产率很低。为此,在El Carmen de Bolívar Agrosavia turipana研究中心进行了一项研究,目的是评估紫茎山楂山药cv对产量的响应。紫茎对不同种植密度和格架高度的影响。6个处理采用完全随机区组试验设计,分块布置,主样地对应2个密度(14285株hm -1和20000株hm -1),子样地对应3个格架高度(1.6 m;2.0 m和2.4 m),种植密度是唯一显著影响产量的因素;2万株hm -1处理较最低密度增产28.68%。使用2.4米高的支架,再加上两种种植密度中的任何一种,都会导致块茎的生产不适合商业化。研究结果表明,增加种植密度是提高山楂栽培产量和经济效益的安全措施。未来需要对林分高度和每林分种植的植物数量进行评价。
{"title":"Respuesta del ñame espino a diferentes densidades de siembra y altura de espalderas","authors":"R. E. Támara Morelos, L. L. Luna Castellanos, A. E. Espitia Montes, R. N. Novoa Yánez, Sol Mara Regino Hernández, Victor Alfonso De La Ossa Albis","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.271","url":null,"abstract":"The tubers of spiny yam are one of the main food sources for producers in the Caribbean region of Colombia. However, the productivity of the crop is low due to the scarce use of sustainable management practices that contribute to its improvement. In this sense, a study was conducted at the Turipaná Research Center of Agrosavia, El Carmen de Bolívar, with the objective of evaluating the response in yield of purple stalk hawthorn yam cv. purple stalk to different planting densities and trellis heights. Six treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block experimental design with a split plot arrangement, the main plot corresponded to two densities (14,285 plants ha-1 and 20,000 plants ha-1) and the subplots to three trellis heights (1.6 m; 2.0 m and 2.4 m). Planting density was the only factor that significantly influenced yield; the use of 20,000 plants ha-1 increased yield by 28.68% compared to the lowest density. The use of supports with heights of 2.4 m in combination with either of the two planting densities induced the production of tubers unsuitable for commercialization. The findings of this research suggest that increasing plant density could be a safe measure to increase yields and economic efficiency in the cultivation of hawthorn yam. Future evaluations are needed on stand height and number of plants to tie per stand.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67939722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clorinda Yordana chacón Ortiz, Pati Llanina Mori Culqui, Segundo G. Chávez
Cocoa and its main derivative, chocolate, are an important source of antioxidant compounds for human nutrition. Polyphenols are the main antioxidants present in chocolate and are affected by the industrialisation processes of cocoa beans. In this regard, the effect of incorporating raw cocoa during the final stage of the refining process on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of dark chocolate was studied. For this purpose, dark chocolates (70%) were made with the incorporation of raw cocoa paste (10, 20 and 30% w/w) in the final refining stage. The antioxidant capacity of all the treatments was determined by the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and the total phenolic content by the Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. It was observed that the incorporation of raw cocoa significantly increases the content of antioxidants and total polyphenols in chocolate. As the dose of raw cocoa increases, the antioxidant activity of the chocolate increases linearly (R2=0.996); on the other hand, the polyphenol content increases exponentially (R2=0.968). Only the lowest dose (10%) doubles the phenolic content and the ratio decreases with higher doses of incorporation. The results suggest that the incorporation of raw cocoa in the formulations makes it possible to obtain chocolates with high phenolic content, improving the technological processes for using cocoa produced in the tropical Andes to develop bioactive chocolates, in line with new consumer demand.
{"title":"Antioxidantes y polifenoles totales de chocolate negro con incorporación de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) crudo","authors":"Clorinda Yordana chacón Ortiz, Pati Llanina Mori Culqui, Segundo G. Chávez","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.331","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa and its main derivative, chocolate, are an important source of antioxidant compounds for human nutrition. Polyphenols are the main antioxidants present in chocolate and are affected by the industrialisation processes of cocoa beans. In this regard, the effect of incorporating raw cocoa during the final stage of the refining process on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of dark chocolate was studied. For this purpose, dark chocolates (70%) were made with the incorporation of raw cocoa paste (10, 20 and 30% w/w) in the final refining stage. The antioxidant capacity of all the treatments was determined by the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and the total phenolic content by the Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. It was observed that the incorporation of raw cocoa significantly increases the content of antioxidants and total polyphenols in chocolate. As the dose of raw cocoa increases, the antioxidant activity of the chocolate increases linearly (R2=0.996); on the other hand, the polyphenol content increases exponentially (R2=0.968). Only the lowest dose (10%) doubles the phenolic content and the ratio decreases with higher doses of incorporation. The results suggest that the incorporation of raw cocoa in the formulations makes it possible to obtain chocolates with high phenolic content, improving the technological processes for using cocoa produced in the tropical Andes to develop bioactive chocolates, in line with new consumer demand.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"748 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88916977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias, Yesid Avellaneda Avellaneda, Edwin Castro Rincón
The implementation of efficient grazing technologies in high mountain cattle ranches in the department of Nariño (Colombia) increases the sustainability of these production systems and promotes the conservation of the landscape design. With the objective of evaluating the dry matter intake of F1 (Kiwi-cross x Holstein) and Holstein cattle biotypes, present in hillside areas of the Nariño mountain, a preliminary trial of individual consumption of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was carried out in Pasto (Nariño-Colombia) with the gauging technique, and the results were compared with models reported in the literature. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with repeated measures over time. Intake per gauging was higher (p<0.05) in Holstein cows, with respect to F1 cows (12.74 vs. 9.69 kg/dry-matter/day), but per unit live weight was similar (p>0.05). On the other hand, the milk composition of F1 cows was superior (p<0.05) for fat, protein, and total solids (%). In conclusion, the two breeds evaluated recorded the same forage intake capacity as a function of live weight, but, due to the larger size of the Holstein cows the absolute intake was higher, indicating that an adjustment in forage supply should be made according to the size of the animals. This work contributes to improve grazing techniques, making the use of pastures and their environment more sustainable, which favors productive efficiency and improves the quality of life for the producer families in the area.
{"title":"Estimación del consumo de forraje para dos biotipos bovinos lecheros en el trópico altoandino de Nariño, Colombia: Consumo materia seca bovinos","authors":"Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias, Yesid Avellaneda Avellaneda, Edwin Castro Rincón","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.301","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of efficient grazing technologies in high mountain cattle ranches in the department of Nariño (Colombia) increases the sustainability of these production systems and promotes the conservation of the landscape design. With the objective of evaluating the dry matter intake of F1 (Kiwi-cross x Holstein) and Holstein cattle biotypes, present in hillside areas of the Nariño mountain, a preliminary trial of individual consumption of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was carried out in Pasto (Nariño-Colombia) with the gauging technique, and the results were compared with models reported in the literature. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with repeated measures over time. Intake per gauging was higher (p<0.05) in Holstein cows, with respect to F1 cows (12.74 vs. 9.69 kg/dry-matter/day), but per unit live weight was similar (p>0.05). On the other hand, the milk composition of F1 cows was superior (p<0.05) for fat, protein, and total solids (%). In conclusion, the two breeds evaluated recorded the same forage intake capacity as a function of live weight, but, due to the larger size of the Holstein cows the absolute intake was higher, indicating that an adjustment in forage supply should be made according to the size of the animals. This work contributes to improve grazing techniques, making the use of pastures and their environment more sustainable, which favors productive efficiency and improves the quality of life for the producer families in the area.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67939772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought is one of the main limitations of agricultural productivity and food security, in Andean mountain. The use of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in symbiosis with legumes, and tolerant to a wide range of adverse conditions, such as drought, is a great potential in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this review is to compile studies about drought stress effect on the legume-rhizobia symbiosis and rhizobia mechanisms to induce drought tolerance in legumes. The search for information was conducted from August to December 2020, using key terms. The drought effect on the nodulation and atmospheric nitrogen fixation process is made known, as well as the rhizobia ability to synthesize exopolysaccharides, enzymes, phytohormones, siderophores, osmolytes and solubilize phosphates as induction mechanisms to mitigate drought stress in legumes. This review will serve to propose future research using rhizobia to mitigate the drought effect on the legumes cultivation in environments such as the Andean mountains.
{"title":"Mecanismos de inducción de rizobios para reducir el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas","authors":"Nery Santillana Villanueva","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.263","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the main limitations of agricultural productivity and food security, in Andean mountain. The use of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in symbiosis with legumes, and tolerant to a wide range of adverse conditions, such as drought, is a great potential in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this review is to compile studies about drought stress effect on the legume-rhizobia symbiosis and rhizobia mechanisms to induce drought tolerance in legumes. The search for information was conducted from August to December 2020, using key terms. The drought effect on the nodulation and atmospheric nitrogen fixation process is made known, as well as the rhizobia ability to synthesize exopolysaccharides, enzymes, phytohormones, siderophores, osmolytes and solubilize phosphates as induction mechanisms to mitigate drought stress in legumes. This review will serve to propose future research using rhizobia to mitigate the drought effect on the legumes cultivation in environments such as the Andean mountains.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67938635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Manuel Pulido Capurro, Ernesto Málaga Arenas, David Velarde Falconí, Dominga Micaela Cano, Edith Soledad Olivera Carhuaz, Jessica Acevedo Flores
Bird censuses in Peru began in the early twentieth century with seabird censuses carried out by the Compañía Peruana del Guano and later by IMARPE. Between 1992 and 2016 annual censuses were carried out, in 61 wetlands, in 12 departments of Peru, recording a total of 151 species between resident and migratory. The censuses constitute a great contribution to the knowledge of waterbird species and to the synergies between institutions and ornithologists who, through volunteering, compile important information for species conservation and wetland management in the Andean slopes. The taxonomic composition of the species, the importance of censuses, the migration routes of birds from the Nearctic, southern and high Andean regions, and the protected areas in the conservation of wetlands and biodiversity are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to carry out a historical analysis of the censuses and their contribution to the knowledge of waterbirds carried out in the last three decades with special reference to the conservation of wetlands in the Andean slopes in Peru.
{"title":"Censo de aves acuáticas y conservación de humedales en las vertientes altoandinas del Perú","authors":"Victor Manuel Pulido Capurro, Ernesto Málaga Arenas, David Velarde Falconí, Dominga Micaela Cano, Edith Soledad Olivera Carhuaz, Jessica Acevedo Flores","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.310","url":null,"abstract":"Bird censuses in Peru began in the early twentieth century with seabird censuses carried out by the Compañía Peruana del Guano and later by IMARPE. Between 1992 and 2016 annual censuses were carried out, in 61 wetlands, in 12 departments of Peru, recording a total of 151 species between resident and migratory. The censuses constitute a great contribution to the knowledge of waterbird species and to the synergies between institutions and ornithologists who, through volunteering, compile important information for species conservation and wetland management in the Andean slopes. The taxonomic composition of the species, the importance of censuses, the migration routes of birds from the Nearctic, southern and high Andean regions, and the protected areas in the conservation of wetlands and biodiversity are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to carry out a historical analysis of the censuses and their contribution to the knowledge of waterbirds carried out in the last three decades with special reference to the conservation of wetlands in the Andean slopes in Peru.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67940035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Center La Raya-Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, to determine the effect of copulation duration on ovulation and pregnancy in alpacas. 47 adult females were used (postpartum time ≥ 20 days and presence of a follicle ≥ 7 mm) distributed in three groups, according to copulation time: 20, 35 and 50 min, for G1 (n = 15), G2 (n = 16) and G3 (n = 16), respectively. For the mating, 6 reproducers of proven fertility were used, interrupting the copulation at the established time. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were evaluated on days 7 and 30 post service respectively (by ultrasound and receptivity of the female), the data were analyzed using X2 and simple correspondence. Both the ovulation rate (G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 81.25%); and pregnancy (G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 75%) were not different (P> 0.05). Pregnancy rates between G1 and G2 tended to be different (P <0.10), consistent with the simple correspondence analysis. Despite there being no differences in ovulation and pregnancy rates, there was a higher percentage trend in G2 and G3, suggesting that the longer duration of mating would have some positive effect on them, according to the simple correspondence analysis, and the trend of low significance (P <0.10) in favor of pregnancy in G2 compared to G1. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in the effect of copulation duration on ovulation; however, there was a 90% trend for the difference between mating duration of 35 minutes versus 20 minutes (in pregnancy).
在La raya - national university del Altiplano Puno实验中心进行了一项实验,以确定交尾时间对羊驼排卵和怀孕的影响。选取产后≥20天、卵泡≥7 mm的成年母熊47只,按交配时间20、35、50 min分为3组,G1组(n = 15)、G2组(n = 16)、G3组(n = 16)。在交配时,使用6个已证实生育能力的繁殖体,在既定时间中断交配。分别于产后第7天和第30天测定排卵率和受孕率(超声和受孕率),采用X2和简单对应法对数据进行分析。排卵率(G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25%, G3: 81.25%);妊娠期(G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25%, G3: 75%)差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。G1和G2的妊娠率有差异趋势(P <0.10),符合简单对应分析。虽然排卵率和妊娠率没有差异,但G2和G3的百分比趋势较高,简单对应分析表明,交配时间较长对它们有一定的积极影响,G2比G1更有利于妊娠的低显著性趋势(P <0.10)。综上所述,交尾时间对排卵的影响无显著差异;然而,在35分钟的交配时间和20分钟的交配时间(怀孕期间)之间有90%的差异。
{"title":"Efecto de la duración de cópula en la respuesta ovulatoria y tasa de preñez en alpacas","authors":"Madeley Gladys Hilasaca Mamani, Jesús Martín Urviola Sánchez, Francisco Halley Rodríguez Huanca, Víctor Raúl Leyva Vallejos","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.296","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Center La Raya-Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, to determine the effect of copulation duration on ovulation and pregnancy in alpacas. 47 adult females were used (postpartum time ≥ 20 days and presence of a follicle ≥ 7 mm) distributed in three groups, according to copulation time: 20, 35 and 50 min, for G1 (n = 15), G2 (n = 16) and G3 (n = 16), respectively. For the mating, 6 reproducers of proven fertility were used, interrupting the copulation at the established time. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were evaluated on days 7 and 30 post service respectively (by ultrasound and receptivity of the female), the data were analyzed using X2 and simple correspondence. Both the ovulation rate (G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 81.25%); and pregnancy (G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 75%) were not different (P> 0.05). Pregnancy rates between G1 and G2 tended to be different (P <0.10), consistent with the simple correspondence analysis. Despite there being no differences in ovulation and pregnancy rates, there was a higher percentage trend in G2 and G3, suggesting that the longer duration of mating would have some positive effect on them, according to the simple correspondence analysis, and the trend of low significance (P <0.10) in favor of pregnancy in G2 compared to G1. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in the effect of copulation duration on ovulation; however, there was a 90% trend for the difference between mating duration of 35 minutes versus 20 minutes (in pregnancy).","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75479888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The climate crisis is affecting the production yield of rice, wheat, corn, coffee, beans and other food crops in the country and internationally. The objective of the research was to quantify the impact of climate change on the net income of organic quinoa producers under dry farming conditions in the Altiplano region. Using the Ricardian approach, the impact of climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) on the yield of organic quinoa was estimated in the districts of Cabana, Capachica and Ilave in the Altiplano region, and with primary data collected through a survey to A sample of 237 farmers estimated the value of land productivity. The climatic variables were provided by the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Puno. The results reveal an average production of 1,497 kilos per hectare, obtaining a net income of 14,969 soles per hectare, for a market price of 9.60 soles per kilo. The adaptability of the quinoa producer to climate change was relevant to improve the productivity of the crop. In conclusion, the impact of the agroclimatic variables on the productivity-economic income of organic quinoa producers was marginal in the 2015-2016 agricultural season in the Puno Region.
{"title":"Impacto económico del cambio climático en cultivo de quinua (chenopodium quinoa willd) orgánica en la Región del Altiplano: un enfoque Ricardiano","authors":"Eusebio Benique Olivera","doi":"10.18271/ria.2021.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.239","url":null,"abstract":"The climate crisis is affecting the production yield of rice, wheat, corn, coffee, beans and other food crops in the country and internationally. The objective of the research was to quantify the impact of climate change on the net income of organic quinoa producers under dry farming conditions in the Altiplano region. Using the Ricardian approach, the impact of climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) on the yield of organic quinoa was estimated in the districts of Cabana, Capachica and Ilave in the Altiplano region, and with primary data collected through a survey to A sample of 237 farmers estimated the value of land productivity. The climatic variables were provided by the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Puno. The results reveal an average production of 1,497 kilos per hectare, obtaining a net income of 14,969 soles per hectare, for a market price of 9.60 soles per kilo. The adaptability of the quinoa producer to climate change was relevant to improve the productivity of the crop. In conclusion, the impact of the agroclimatic variables on the productivity-economic income of organic quinoa producers was marginal in the 2015-2016 agricultural season in the Puno Region.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84487051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}