Como muchas regiones del Peru, la region Puno es una zona donde no existen adecuadas condiciones laborales, y esto se ve reflejado en indicadores de ocupacion, desempleo y subempleo, todo derivado del incumplimiento de los derechos laborales. El objetivo general de la investigacion es elaborar un indice multidimensional de trabajo decente en la region Puno, de manera especifica se pretende evaluar las condiciones de vulnerabilidad laboral y estimar los factores que expliquen la presencia de trabajo decente. Se trabajo con la encuesta ENAHO, tomando como analisis solo a la PEA ocupada. El indice multidimensional se elaboro mediante el analisis de componentes principales. Para la estimacion de los factores determinantes que explican la presencia de trabajo decente, se utilizo el modelo logit multinomial ordenado. El indice multidimensional de trabajo decente para la region Puno en el periodo 2013 – 2017 resulto en 0,33 - categoria de trabajo vulnerable. Los mas propensos a tener un trabajo no decente son los trabajadores que pertenecen a la rama extractiva. Ademas, a diferencia de otros sectores, los trabajadores del sector publico tienen mayor probabilidad de contar con un trabajo decente, lo que indica que en este sector se tiene mejores condiciones laborales. Palabras claves: Trabajo decente, vulnerabilidad laboral, indice multidimensional, analisis multivariado, logit multinomial ordenado. ABSTRACT Like many regions of Peru, the Puno region is an area where there are no adequate working conditions, and this is reflected in indicators of occupation, unemployment and underemployment, all derived from non-compliance with labor rights. The general objective of the research is to prepare a multidimensional index of decent work in the Puno region, specifically, the aim is to assess the conditions of job vulnerability and estimate the factors that explain the presence of decent work. We worked with the ENAHO survey, taking as analysis only the occupied PEA. The multidimensional index was developed using principal component analysis. For the estimation of the determining factors that explain the presence of decent work, the ordered multinomial logit model was used. The multidimensional decent work index for the Puno region in the period 2013-2017 resulted in 0,33 - vulnerable work category. The most likely to have a decent job are workers belonging to the extractive branch. Furthermore, unlike other sectors, public sector workers are more likely to have decent work, which indicates that this sector has better working conditions. Keywords: Decent work, job vulnerability, multidimensional index, multivariate analysis, ordered multinomial logit.
{"title":"Evaluación multidimensional del trabajo decente en la Región Puno: 2013 – 2017","authors":"Juan Walter Tudela-Mamani","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.659","url":null,"abstract":"Como muchas regiones del Peru, la region Puno es una zona donde no existen adecuadas condiciones laborales, y esto se ve reflejado en indicadores de ocupacion, desempleo y subempleo, todo derivado del incumplimiento de los derechos laborales. El objetivo general de la investigacion es elaborar un indice multidimensional de trabajo decente en la region Puno, de manera especifica se pretende evaluar las condiciones de vulnerabilidad laboral y estimar los factores que expliquen la presencia de trabajo decente. Se trabajo con la encuesta ENAHO, tomando como analisis solo a la PEA ocupada. El indice multidimensional se elaboro mediante el analisis de componentes principales. Para la estimacion de los factores determinantes que explican la presencia de trabajo decente, se utilizo el modelo logit multinomial ordenado. El indice multidimensional de trabajo decente para la region Puno en el periodo 2013 – 2017 resulto en 0,33 - categoria de trabajo vulnerable. Los mas propensos a tener un trabajo no decente son los trabajadores que pertenecen a la rama extractiva. Ademas, a diferencia de otros sectores, los trabajadores del sector publico tienen mayor probabilidad de contar con un trabajo decente, lo que indica que en este sector se tiene mejores condiciones laborales. Palabras claves: Trabajo decente, vulnerabilidad laboral, indice multidimensional, analisis multivariado, logit multinomial ordenado. ABSTRACT Like many regions of Peru, the Puno region is an area where there are no adequate working conditions, and this is reflected in indicators of occupation, unemployment and underemployment, all derived from non-compliance with labor rights. The general objective of the research is to prepare a multidimensional index of decent work in the Puno region, specifically, the aim is to assess the conditions of job vulnerability and estimate the factors that explain the presence of decent work. We worked with the ENAHO survey, taking as analysis only the occupied PEA. The multidimensional index was developed using principal component analysis. For the estimation of the determining factors that explain the presence of decent work, the ordered multinomial logit model was used. The multidimensional decent work index for the Puno region in the period 2013-2017 resulted in 0,33 - vulnerable work category. The most likely to have a decent job are workers belonging to the extractive branch. Furthermore, unlike other sectors, public sector workers are more likely to have decent work, which indicates that this sector has better working conditions. Keywords: Decent work, job vulnerability, multidimensional index, multivariate analysis, ordered multinomial logit.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Nolazco Cama, Elizabeth Villanueva-Quejia, Beatriz Hatta Sakoda, Lena Tellez Monzon
La extraccion por microondas libre de solventes y la asistencia con ultrasonido, como tecnologias emergentes ofrecen ventajas en la extraccion de aceites esenciales, siendo importante la investigacion del efecto sobre el rendimiento y la composicion del aceite esencial. Se evaluo la influencia de la humedad de las hojas y potencia de extraccion sobre el rendimiento del aceite esencial de eucalipto extraido por microondas libre de solventes, y una comparacion con la asistencia con ultrasonido. La extraccion se realizo por microondas a 300 y 600 watts, a 70, 80 y 90% de humedad en las hojas, seleccionando la potencia que evidencio mayor rendimiento del aceite esencial. Posteriormente, se evaluo el efecto del ultrasonido a 180 watts, 40kHz por 15 minutos sobre el rendimiento y la composicion quimica. Se identificaron los analitos obtenidos por ambos metodos de extraccion, mediante cromatografia de gases acoplado a un espectrometro de masas (CG-EM). El mayor rendimiento (0,55%) se obtuvo a 600 watts y 90% de humedad mediante microondas. La asistencia con ultrasonido incremento a 0,80% el rendimiento y 17 analitos adicionales en el aceite esencial. Se identifico como componente mayoritario al eucalipto l o 1,8-cineol, encontrado en 42,43% y 37,15% correspondiente a la extraccion con microondas libre de solventes y microondas con asistencia de ultrasonido. Palabras clave: aceite esencial; eucaliptol; 1,8 cineol; microondas libre de solventes; ultrasonido ABSTRACT The solvent-free microwave extraction and the ultrasound-assisted extraction, as emerging technologies, offer advantages in the essential oil extraction, being the research about the effect on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil important. The influence of leaves moisture and extraction power on the yield of solvent-free microwave eucalyptus essential oil, and a comparison with the ultrasound-assisted extraction was evaluated. The extraction was done by microwaves at 300 and 600 watts, 70, 80 and 90% humidity in the leaves, selecting the power that shows the highest yield of the essential oil. Afterwards, the effect of ultrasound at 180 watts, 40 kHz per 15 minutes on the yield and chemical composition was evaluated. The analytes obtained by both extraction methods were identified, by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The highest yield (0,55%) was obtained at 600 watts and 90% humidity by microwaves. The ultrasound-assisted extraction increased to 0,80% the yield and 17 analytes more in the essential oil. Eucalyptol or 1,8 cineol was identified as a major component, found in 42,43% and 37,15% corresponding to solvent- free microwave extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Key words: essential oil; eucalyptol; 1,8 cineol; solvent-free microwave; ultrasound.
{"title":"Extracción y caracterización química del aceite esencial de Eucalipto obtenido por microondas y ultrasonido","authors":"Diana Nolazco Cama, Elizabeth Villanueva-Quejia, Beatriz Hatta Sakoda, Lena Tellez Monzon","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.661","url":null,"abstract":"La extraccion por microondas libre de solventes y la asistencia con ultrasonido, como tecnologias emergentes ofrecen ventajas en la extraccion de aceites esenciales, siendo importante la investigacion del efecto sobre el rendimiento y la composicion del aceite esencial. Se evaluo la influencia de la humedad de las hojas y potencia de extraccion sobre el rendimiento del aceite esencial de eucalipto extraido por microondas libre de solventes, y una comparacion con la asistencia con ultrasonido. La extraccion se realizo por microondas a 300 y 600 watts, a 70, 80 y 90% de humedad en las hojas, seleccionando la potencia que evidencio mayor rendimiento del aceite esencial. Posteriormente, se evaluo el efecto del ultrasonido a 180 watts, 40kHz por 15 minutos sobre el rendimiento y la composicion quimica. Se identificaron los analitos obtenidos por ambos metodos de extraccion, mediante cromatografia de gases acoplado a un espectrometro de masas (CG-EM). El mayor rendimiento (0,55%) se obtuvo a 600 watts y 90% de humedad mediante microondas. La asistencia con ultrasonido incremento a 0,80% el rendimiento y 17 analitos adicionales en el aceite esencial. Se identifico como componente mayoritario al eucalipto l o 1,8-cineol, encontrado en 42,43% y 37,15% correspondiente a la extraccion con microondas libre de solventes y microondas con asistencia de ultrasonido. Palabras clave: aceite esencial; eucaliptol; 1,8 cineol; microondas libre de solventes; ultrasonido ABSTRACT The solvent-free microwave extraction and the ultrasound-assisted extraction, as emerging technologies, offer advantages in the essential oil extraction, being the research about the effect on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil important. The influence of leaves moisture and extraction power on the yield of solvent-free microwave eucalyptus essential oil, and a comparison with the ultrasound-assisted extraction was evaluated. The extraction was done by microwaves at 300 and 600 watts, 70, 80 and 90% humidity in the leaves, selecting the power that shows the highest yield of the essential oil. Afterwards, the effect of ultrasound at 180 watts, 40 kHz per 15 minutes on the yield and chemical composition was evaluated. The analytes obtained by both extraction methods were identified, by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The highest yield (0,55%) was obtained at 600 watts and 90% humidity by microwaves. The ultrasound-assisted extraction increased to 0,80% the yield and 17 analytes more in the essential oil. Eucalyptol or 1,8 cineol was identified as a major component, found in 42,43% and 37,15% corresponding to solvent- free microwave extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Key words: essential oil; eucalyptol; 1,8 cineol; solvent-free microwave; ultrasound.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"274-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosita T. Castillo Rogel, Francis J. More Calero, Melitza Cornejo La Torre, Jaime N. Fernández Ponce, Eric L. Mialhe Matonnier
El uso del petroleo y sus derivados se ha visto intensificado por la alta demanda energetica actual; esto ha traido consigo el incremento de accidentes ambientales como los derrames de combustibles que afectan negativamente los ecosistemas. En estos ambientes existen microrganismos capaces de sobrevivir a dichas condiciones y utilizar los hidrocarburos de petroleo como fuente de carbono y energia; siendo propuestos en la biorremediacion con un enfoque ecoamigable y costo-efectivo. En este trabajo se aislaron e identificaron cepas bacterianas con potencial biorremediador en medios de cultivo suplementados con petroleo, a partir de una zona contaminada por derrame de petroleo en la Amazonia peruana; tambien se realizo la caracterizacion de la comunidad bacteriana por analisis independiente de cultivo mediante secuenciamiento de proxima generacion dirigido al gen ARNr 16S. Las cepas bacterianas aisladas se identificaron como: Acinetobacter rudis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganella morganii, Proteus hauseri, Proteus terrae, Proteus vulgaris (2) , Pseudomonas koreensis, Pseudomonas moraviensis, Pseudomonas prosekii y Serratia marcescens (2). En el analisis independiente de cultivo detectaron los filos Proteobacteria y Bacteroidetes como predominantes en agua y suelo contaminados con hidrocarburos; asi mismo, la asignacion taxonomica a nivel de familia destaco los grupos Flavobacteriaceae , Moraxellaceae , Verrucomicrobia y Acetobacteraceae como mas abundantes, ademas de los generos Acinetobacter , Flavobacterium y Geobacter presentes en ambas muestras. De esta manera, se determinaron los principales grupos implicados en la degradacion de hidrocarburos haciendo uso de tecnicas dependientes e independientes de cultivo. Palabras clave: Agua, Bacterias, Hidrocarburos, Metagenomica, Suelo. Abstract: The use of oil and its derivatives has been intensified by the current high energy demand, but brought with it the increase in environmental accidents such as fuel spills that negatively affect ecosystems. In those environments there are microorganisms capable of surviving such conditions and using petroleum hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy; those can be used in bioremediation, with an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. In this work, bacterial strains with bioremediation potential were isolated and identified in culture media supplemented with oil from an area contaminated from an oil spill in the Peruvian Amazon; also was done out the characterization of the bacterial community by independent analysis of culture by means of next generation sequencing directed to the 16S rRNA gene. The isolated bacterial strains were identified as Acinetobacter rudis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganella morganii, Proteus hauseri, Proteus terrae, Proteus vulgaris (2) , Pseudomonas koreensis, Pseudomonas moraviensis, Pseudomonas prosekii y Serratia marcescens (2). The culture-independent analysis detected the Proteobacteria
{"title":"Aislamiento de bacterias con potencial biorremediador y análisis de comunidades bacterianas de zona impactada por derrame de petróleo en Condorcanqui – Amazonas – Perú.","authors":"Rosita T. Castillo Rogel, Francis J. More Calero, Melitza Cornejo La Torre, Jaime N. Fernández Ponce, Eric L. Mialhe Matonnier","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.656","url":null,"abstract":"El uso del petroleo y sus derivados se ha visto intensificado por la alta demanda energetica actual; esto ha traido consigo el incremento de accidentes ambientales como los derrames de combustibles que afectan negativamente los ecosistemas. En estos ambientes existen microrganismos capaces de sobrevivir a dichas condiciones y utilizar los hidrocarburos de petroleo como fuente de carbono y energia; siendo propuestos en la biorremediacion con un enfoque ecoamigable y costo-efectivo. En este trabajo se aislaron e identificaron cepas bacterianas con potencial biorremediador en medios de cultivo suplementados con petroleo, a partir de una zona contaminada por derrame de petroleo en la Amazonia peruana; tambien se realizo la caracterizacion de la comunidad bacteriana por analisis independiente de cultivo mediante secuenciamiento de proxima generacion dirigido al gen ARNr 16S. Las cepas bacterianas aisladas se identificaron como: Acinetobacter rudis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganella morganii, Proteus hauseri, Proteus terrae, Proteus vulgaris (2) , Pseudomonas koreensis, Pseudomonas moraviensis, Pseudomonas prosekii y Serratia marcescens (2). En el analisis independiente de cultivo detectaron los filos Proteobacteria y Bacteroidetes como predominantes en agua y suelo contaminados con hidrocarburos; asi mismo, la asignacion taxonomica a nivel de familia destaco los grupos Flavobacteriaceae , Moraxellaceae , Verrucomicrobia y Acetobacteraceae como mas abundantes, ademas de los generos Acinetobacter , Flavobacterium y Geobacter presentes en ambas muestras. De esta manera, se determinaron los principales grupos implicados en la degradacion de hidrocarburos haciendo uso de tecnicas dependientes e independientes de cultivo. Palabras clave: Agua, Bacterias, Hidrocarburos, Metagenomica, Suelo. Abstract: The use of oil and its derivatives has been intensified by the current high energy demand, but brought with it the increase in environmental accidents such as fuel spills that negatively affect ecosystems. In those environments there are microorganisms capable of surviving such conditions and using petroleum hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy; those can be used in bioremediation, with an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. In this work, bacterial strains with bioremediation potential were isolated and identified in culture media supplemented with oil from an area contaminated from an oil spill in the Peruvian Amazon; also was done out the characterization of the bacterial community by independent analysis of culture by means of next generation sequencing directed to the 16S rRNA gene. The isolated bacterial strains were identified as Acinetobacter rudis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganella morganii, Proteus hauseri, Proteus terrae, Proteus vulgaris (2) , Pseudomonas koreensis, Pseudomonas moraviensis, Pseudomonas prosekii y Serratia marcescens (2). The culture-independent analysis detected the Proteobacteria","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44543644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan David Quiñones Chillambo, Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias, Edwin Castro Rincón
En la mayoria de los sistemas ganaderos del tropico altoandino de Suramerica son escasas las especies de gramineas para alimentar el ganado, ademas la variabilidad climatica que afecta a estas regiones hace que disminuya la oferta y calidad del forraje para alimentacion animal. Por lo que se hace necesario implementar estrategias de suplementacion, con tecnicas como el ensilaje; que se caracteriza por ser de facil adopcion entre los productores. El uso de especies forrajeras arbustivas adaptadas a las zonas altoandinas podria ser una alternativa para almacenar alimento, y ser usado en epocas de escasez, por su buen aporte de biomasa y nutrientes. El objetivo de esta revision bibliografica fue recopilar estudios de calidad nutricional y/o respuesta animal, utilizando ensilajes a partir de arbustivas forrajeras en el tropico altoandino. La busqueda de informacion se realizo durante los meses de marzo a mayo del 2020, mediante terminos claves. Dentro de las especies mas utilizadas para elaborar ensilaje individual y/o mixto se encontraron Tithonia diversifolia , Sambucus nigra , Sambucus peruviana , Smallanthus pyramidalis y Acacia decurrens , usadas actualmente en arreglos silvopastoriles como bancos mixtos de forrajes, sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos (SSPi) para ramoneo directo, setos forrajeros y/o franjas en contorno. En los trabajos encontrados se destaca el aporte de proteina, energia, minerales y alta digestibilidad a la dieta de bovinos y especies menores, con mejora de parametros productivos. Se concluye que, a pesar de las cualidades de utilizar ensilajes a partir de forrajeras lenosas, aun es muy bajo el reporte de resultados en investigaciones para el tropico altoandino. Palabras claves: cambio climatico, conservacion de forrajes, ganaderia, nutricion, sistemas silvopastoriles ABSTRACT In most livestock systems in the high Andean tropics of South America, there are few species of grasses to feed livestock, and the climatic variability affecting these regions means that the supply and quality of fodder for animal feed is declining. It is therefore necessary to implement supplementation strategies, with techniques such as silage, which is characterized by easy adoption among producers. The use of shrub fodder species adapted to the high Andean areas could be an alternative to store food, and be used in times of shortage, for its good contribution of biomass and nutrients. The objective of this literature review was to compile studies of nutritional quality and/or animal response, using silage from shrub fodder species in the high Andean tropics. The search for information was carried out during the months of March to May 2020, using key terms. Among the species most used to make individual and/or mixed silage were Tithonia diversifolia, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus peruviana, Smallanthus pyramidalis and Acacia decurrens , currently used in silvopastoral arrangements such as mixed fodder banks, intensive silvopastoral systems (SSPi) for dir
在南美洲高安第斯热带地区的大多数畜牧系统中，用于饲养牲畜的牧草种类很少，此外，影响这些地区的气候变化降低了动物饲料的供应和质量。因此，有必要实施补充策略，使用青贮等技术;其特点是易于在生产者中采用。利用适应高安第斯地区的灌木饲料物种可以作为储存食物的替代方案，并在短缺时使用，因为它们对生物量和营养物质的良好贡献。本文献综述的目的是收集高安第斯热带地区饲料灌木青贮的营养质量和/或动物反应研究。信息搜索在2020年3月至5月期间进行，使用关键术语。物种内更多的用于制定个人青贮饲料和/或联合发现Tithonia diversifolia, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus peruviana, Smallanthus pyramidalis和Acacia decurrens混合使用,目前银行草原安排作为饲料,草原监护系统(SSPi)饲料直接退化、树篱和/或在周长条纹。研究发现，蛋白质、能量、矿物质和高消化率对牛和小物种的饲粮的贡献，提高了生产参数。在本研究中，我们分析了在安第斯热带地区使用木本牧草青贮饲料的结果。关键字:变化、饲料和基姆(maga)两性平等,nutricion系统、森林草原ABSTRACT In most牲畜systems In the high热带安第斯of South America there are politico species of grasses to feed牲畜,and the climatic方案影响这些区域means that the supply and quality of fodder for animal is declining的数据源。因此，有必要实施补充战略，包括青贮等技术，其特点是生产者易于采用。The use of是灌木fodder species adapted to The high安第斯地区的可替代性to be an store粮食,和应该用来in times of不乏,for its good贡献生物质and nutrients。本文献综述的目的是汇编利用高安第斯热带地区灌木饲料品种青贮的营养质量和/或动物反应研究。信息搜索是在2020年3月至5月期间进行的，使用了关键条款。在最常用于单独和/或混合青贮的物种中，有多样化青贮的Tithonia diversifolia、Sambucus nigra、Sambucus peruviana、Smallanthus pyramidalis和Acacia decurrens，目前用于森林畜牧安排，如混合草库、直接放牧的密集森林畜牧系统(SSPi)、草篱和/或轮廓带。在发现的工作中，强调了蛋白质、能量、矿物质和高消化率对牛和小物种饮食的贡献，并改进了生产参数。结论是，尽管使用woody fodder青贮饲料的质量很好，但关于高安第斯热带地区研究结果的报告仍然很低。关键词:气候变化，钻井保护，牲畜，营养，林牧系统
{"title":"Ensilaje de arbustivas forrajeras para sistemas de alimentación ganadera del trópico altoandino","authors":"Juan David Quiñones Chillambo, Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias, Edwin Castro Rincón","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.662","url":null,"abstract":"En la mayoria de los sistemas ganaderos del tropico altoandino de Suramerica son escasas las especies de gramineas para alimentar el ganado, ademas la variabilidad climatica que afecta a estas regiones hace que disminuya la oferta y calidad del forraje para alimentacion animal. Por lo que se hace necesario implementar estrategias de suplementacion, con tecnicas como el ensilaje; que se caracteriza por ser de facil adopcion entre los productores. El uso de especies forrajeras arbustivas adaptadas a las zonas altoandinas podria ser una alternativa para almacenar alimento, y ser usado en epocas de escasez, por su buen aporte de biomasa y nutrientes. El objetivo de esta revision bibliografica fue recopilar estudios de calidad nutricional y/o respuesta animal, utilizando ensilajes a partir de arbustivas forrajeras en el tropico altoandino. La busqueda de informacion se realizo durante los meses de marzo a mayo del 2020, mediante terminos claves. Dentro de las especies mas utilizadas para elaborar ensilaje individual y/o mixto se encontraron Tithonia diversifolia , Sambucus nigra , Sambucus peruviana , Smallanthus pyramidalis y Acacia decurrens , usadas actualmente en arreglos silvopastoriles como bancos mixtos de forrajes, sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos (SSPi) para ramoneo directo, setos forrajeros y/o franjas en contorno. En los trabajos encontrados se destaca el aporte de proteina, energia, minerales y alta digestibilidad a la dieta de bovinos y especies menores, con mejora de parametros productivos. Se concluye que, a pesar de las cualidades de utilizar ensilajes a partir de forrajeras lenosas, aun es muy bajo el reporte de resultados en investigaciones para el tropico altoandino. Palabras claves: cambio climatico, conservacion de forrajes, ganaderia, nutricion, sistemas silvopastoriles ABSTRACT In most livestock systems in the high Andean tropics of South America, there are few species of grasses to feed livestock, and the climatic variability affecting these regions means that the supply and quality of fodder for animal feed is declining. It is therefore necessary to implement supplementation strategies, with techniques such as silage, which is characterized by easy adoption among producers. The use of shrub fodder species adapted to the high Andean areas could be an alternative to store food, and be used in times of shortage, for its good contribution of biomass and nutrients. The objective of this literature review was to compile studies of nutritional quality and/or animal response, using silage from shrub fodder species in the high Andean tropics. The search for information was carried out during the months of March to May 2020, using key terms. Among the species most used to make individual and/or mixed silage were Tithonia diversifolia, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus peruviana, Smallanthus pyramidalis and Acacia decurrens , currently used in silvopastoral arrangements such as mixed fodder banks, intensive silvopastoral systems (SSPi) for dir","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"285-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge that the population possesses by gender about environmental management and pollution of the coastal coastline of the city of Yunguyo-Puno. The research is non-experimental, quantitative and transversal; Descriptive and correlational character, the analysis dimension was social and environmental and micro level. The information was obtained through a structured survey applied to the urban population of Yunguyo. The results were: The level of knowledge that the majority of the urban population of Yunguyo possesses about environmental management and pollution of the city's coastal coastline is poor, but differentiated by gender; situation that based on statistical evidence denotes that the level of knowledge that women possess is higher not only by socio-economic status, but also by the perceptions they have on sanitation and environmental education, as well as on the effects of contamination of the inner bay in human health and due to the conditions of access to information provided by the regional and local environmental institutions .
{"title":"Representaciones sociales por género sobre gestión ambiental y contaminación del litoral costero de Yunguyo Puno","authors":"J. E. Tumi Quispe","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.658","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge that the population possesses by gender about environmental management and pollution of the coastal coastline of the city of Yunguyo-Puno. The research is non-experimental, quantitative and transversal; Descriptive and correlational character, the analysis dimension was social and environmental and micro level. The information was obtained through a structured survey applied to the urban population of Yunguyo. The results were: The level of knowledge that the majority of the urban population of Yunguyo possesses about environmental management and pollution of the city's coastal coastline is poor, but differentiated by gender; situation that based on statistical evidence denotes that the level of knowledge that women possess is higher not only by socio-economic status, but also by the perceptions they have on sanitation and environmental education, as well as on the effects of contamination of the inner bay in human health and due to the conditions of access to information provided by the regional and local environmental institutions .","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"238-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41668027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El objetivo de la investigacion fue mostrar los efectos generados por factores socioeconomicos y ambientales a nivel de los hogares sobre la desnutricion cronica infantil en Peru, para ello se utilizo la Encuesta Demografica y Salud Familiar (ENDES) correspondiente al ano 2018, y un modelo de regresion logit para encontrar los resultados. Los principales hallazgos de la investigacion sugieren lo siguiente. En cuanto a factores socioeconomicos, la educacion de la madre y el indice de riqueza del hogar son predictores importantes para la reduccion de la desnutricion cronica infantil, por el lado de los factores ambientales a nivel del hogar, la desnutricion cronica infantil esta directamente relacionada tipo de instalaciones sanitarias, la fuente de agua potable, el piso y la pared de la vivienda, tipo de combustible para cocinar, el tipo de combustible para cocinar, las instalaciones sanitarias y, las formas de eliminacion de heces de los ninos menores. Cuando mas inadecuadas son las condiciones ambientales del hogar mayor es la probabilidad de que el nino sea desnutrido cronico y viceversa. PALABRAS CLAVE: Socioeconomico, ambiental, desnutricion cronica ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to show the effects generated by socioeconomic and environmental factors at the household level on chronic child malnutrition in Peru, for this purpose, the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) corresponding to the year 2018, and a model of logit regression to find the results. The main research findings suggest the following. Regarding socioeconomic factors, the mother's education and the household wealth index are important predictors for the reduction of chronic child malnutrition, on the side of household environmental factors, chronic child malnutrition is directly related to type of sanitary facilities, the source of drinking water, the floor and wall of the dwelling, type of fuel for cooking, the type of fuel for cooking, sanitary facilities, and the ways of elimination of feces from young children. The more inadequate the environmental conditions of the home, the greater the probability that the child will be chronically malnourished and viceversa. KEYWORDS: Socioeconomic, environmental, chronic malnutrition
{"title":"Efecto de factores ambientales y socioeconómicas del hogar sobre la desnutrición crónica de niños menores de 5 años en el Perú","authors":"Rene Paz Paredes Mamani","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.657","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de la investigacion fue mostrar los efectos generados por factores socioeconomicos y ambientales a nivel de los hogares sobre la desnutricion cronica infantil en Peru, para ello se utilizo la Encuesta Demografica y Salud Familiar (ENDES) correspondiente al ano 2018, y un modelo de regresion logit para encontrar los resultados. Los principales hallazgos de la investigacion sugieren lo siguiente. En cuanto a factores socioeconomicos, la educacion de la madre y el indice de riqueza del hogar son predictores importantes para la reduccion de la desnutricion cronica infantil, por el lado de los factores ambientales a nivel del hogar, la desnutricion cronica infantil esta directamente relacionada tipo de instalaciones sanitarias, la fuente de agua potable, el piso y la pared de la vivienda, tipo de combustible para cocinar, el tipo de combustible para cocinar, las instalaciones sanitarias y, las formas de eliminacion de heces de los ninos menores. Cuando mas inadecuadas son las condiciones ambientales del hogar mayor es la probabilidad de que el nino sea desnutrido cronico y viceversa. PALABRAS CLAVE: Socioeconomico, ambiental, desnutricion cronica ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to show the effects generated by socioeconomic and environmental factors at the household level on chronic child malnutrition in Peru, for this purpose, the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) corresponding to the year 2018, and a model of logit regression to find the results. The main research findings suggest the following. Regarding socioeconomic factors, the mother's education and the household wealth index are important predictors for the reduction of chronic child malnutrition, on the side of household environmental factors, chronic child malnutrition is directly related to type of sanitary facilities, the source of drinking water, the floor and wall of the dwelling, type of fuel for cooking, the type of fuel for cooking, sanitary facilities, and the ways of elimination of feces from young children. The more inadequate the environmental conditions of the home, the greater the probability that the child will be chronically malnourished and viceversa. KEYWORDS: Socioeconomic, environmental, chronic malnutrition","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"226-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49665170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Delgado-Soriano, Paola Cortés-Avendaño, Américo Guevara-Pérez, Carlos Vílchez-Perales
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las caracteristicas fisico-quimicas de las semillas de pajuro ( Erythrina edulis Triana) y los efectos de la temperatura y humedad sobre las propiedades funcionales de las semillas extruidas. Las semillas maduras fueron acondicionadas para su caracterizacion fisico-quimica y extrusion bajo tres condiciones de temperatura (110, 120 y 130 °C) y dos niveles de humedad (13 y 18%). Los resultados de las caracteristicas fisico-quimicas se presentaron en terminos de promedios y desviaciones estandar, mientras que los datos de las propiedades funcionales se sometieron a ANOVA bajo un Diseno Completamente al Azar con arreglo factorial 3x2 y para la comparacion de medias se uso la prueba Tukey ( p ˂ 0,05). Las semillas presentaron valores de color en la testa como L* (27,26), a* (8,60) y b* (4,81), dimensiones de largo (4,35 cm), ancho (2,58 cm) y espesor (1,28 cm); asimismo, se registro un valor de 478,96 g para el peso de 100 semillas, porcentajes de cascara (10,8%) y cotiledones (89,2%) respecto a la semilla entera, y actividad de agua (0,983) a 66% de humedad. Las semillas de pajuro extruidas a 130 oC y 13% de humedad mostraron mejores propiedades funcionales, para el indice de expansion (2,58 cm), indice de absorcion de agua (7,57%) e indice de solubilidad en agua (38,85%). Las caracteristicas de las semillas enteras como extruidas, colocan al pajuro como un alimento potencial para el desarrollo de nuevos productos que permitiran satisfacer las necesidades del consumidor. Palabras clave: Pajuro, extrusion, semillas, legumbre, subutilizado. ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of pajuro seeds ( Erythrina edulis Triana) and the effects of temperature and moisture on the functional properties of extruded seeds. The mature seeds were conditioned for their physical-chemical characterization and extrusion under three temperature conditions (110, 120 and 130 °C) and two moisture levels (13 and 18%). The results of the physico-chemical characteristics were presented in terms of averages and standard deviations, while the data of the functional properties were submitted to ANOVA under a Completely Randomized Design with 3x2 factorial arrangement and for the comparison of means the Tukey's (p ˂ 0.05) test was used. The seeds presented values of color in the hull like L* (27.26), a* (8.60) and b* (4.81), dimensions of length (4.35 cm), width (2.58 cm) and thickness (1.28 cm); likewise, a value of 478.96 g was recorded for the weight of 100 seeds, percentages of hull (10.8%) and cotyledons (89.2%) with respect to the whole seed, and water activity (0.983) at 66% moisture. Pajuro seeds extruded at 130 oC and 13% of moisture showed better functional properties, for the expansion index (2.58 cm), water absorption index (7.57%) and water solubility index (38.85%). The characteristics of the whole seeds as extruded, place the pajuro as a potential food for the develo
{"title":"Características físico-químicas de las semillas de pajuro (Erythrina edulis Triana) y propiedades funcionales después de la extrusión","authors":"Víctor Delgado-Soriano, Paola Cortés-Avendaño, Américo Guevara-Pérez, Carlos Vílchez-Perales","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.660","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las caracteristicas fisico-quimicas de las semillas de pajuro ( Erythrina edulis Triana) y los efectos de la temperatura y humedad sobre las propiedades funcionales de las semillas extruidas. Las semillas maduras fueron acondicionadas para su caracterizacion fisico-quimica y extrusion bajo tres condiciones de temperatura (110, 120 y 130 °C) y dos niveles de humedad (13 y 18%). Los resultados de las caracteristicas fisico-quimicas se presentaron en terminos de promedios y desviaciones estandar, mientras que los datos de las propiedades funcionales se sometieron a ANOVA bajo un Diseno Completamente al Azar con arreglo factorial 3x2 y para la comparacion de medias se uso la prueba Tukey ( p ˂ 0,05). Las semillas presentaron valores de color en la testa como L* (27,26), a* (8,60) y b* (4,81), dimensiones de largo (4,35 cm), ancho (2,58 cm) y espesor (1,28 cm); asimismo, se registro un valor de 478,96 g para el peso de 100 semillas, porcentajes de cascara (10,8%) y cotiledones (89,2%) respecto a la semilla entera, y actividad de agua (0,983) a 66% de humedad. Las semillas de pajuro extruidas a 130 oC y 13% de humedad mostraron mejores propiedades funcionales, para el indice de expansion (2,58 cm), indice de absorcion de agua (7,57%) e indice de solubilidad en agua (38,85%). Las caracteristicas de las semillas enteras como extruidas, colocan al pajuro como un alimento potencial para el desarrollo de nuevos productos que permitiran satisfacer las necesidades del consumidor. Palabras clave: Pajuro, extrusion, semillas, legumbre, subutilizado. ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of pajuro seeds ( Erythrina edulis Triana) and the effects of temperature and moisture on the functional properties of extruded seeds. The mature seeds were conditioned for their physical-chemical characterization and extrusion under three temperature conditions (110, 120 and 130 °C) and two moisture levels (13 and 18%). The results of the physico-chemical characteristics were presented in terms of averages and standard deviations, while the data of the functional properties were submitted to ANOVA under a Completely Randomized Design with 3x2 factorial arrangement and for the comparison of means the Tukey's (p ˂ 0.05) test was used. The seeds presented values of color in the hull like L* (27.26), a* (8.60) and b* (4.81), dimensions of length (4.35 cm), width (2.58 cm) and thickness (1.28 cm); likewise, a value of 478.96 g was recorded for the weight of 100 seeds, percentages of hull (10.8%) and cotyledons (89.2%) with respect to the whole seed, and water activity (0.983) at 66% moisture. Pajuro seeds extruded at 130 oC and 13% of moisture showed better functional properties, for the expansion index (2.58 cm), water absorption index (7.57%) and water solubility index (38.85%). The characteristics of the whole seeds as extruded, place the pajuro as a potential food for the develo","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43586593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El cambio climatico antropogenico es una de las principales causas de perdida de la biodiversidad. En este contexto, existe la necesidad de estudios basados en los futuros impactos del cambio climatico de gran escala para proponer estrategias de conservacion de especies en peligro de extincion como es el caso de Puya raimondii Harms, una especie de bromelia endemica de los Andes de Peru y Bolivia. En este articulo, nosotros modelamos la distribucion potencial actual y futura de P. raimondii con la finalidad de identificar areas prioritarias para la futura conservacion de esta especie endemica. Nuestros resultados revelaron que 1) los espacios actuales potencialmente apropiadas estan centrados para los andes de Peru y Bolivia con una extension de 154268.40 km2, y 2) en escenarios futuros de cambio climatico para la decada de 2070, hay una perdida de areas potenciales, viendose una reduccion de promedio de area a -34326.53 km2 y -8193.22 km2 para los dos escenarios climaticos de las vias de concentracion representativas (RCP) 4.5 y RCP 8.5 respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que a escenarios de cambio climatico solo cinco parches de habitat seran idoneos para albergar a P. raimondii , por tanto, proponemos que las medidas de conservacion deben ser priorizadas a dichas areas. ABSTRACT The anthropogenic climate change is a major cause of biodiversity loss. In this context, there is a need for studies based on the future impacts of large-scale climate change to propose conservation strategies for endangered species such as Puya raimondii Harms, a species of bromeliad endemic to the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. In this article, we model the current and future potential distribution of P. raimondii in order to identify priority areas for the future conservation of this endemic species. Our results revealed that 1) the current potentially suitable areas are centered in the Andes of Peru and Bolivia with an extension of 154268.40 km 2 , and 2) in future climate change scenarios for the 2070s, there is a loss of potential areas, with an average reduction of area to -34326.53 km 2 and -8193.22 km 2 for the two climate scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively. These results suggest that under climate change scenarios only five habitat patches will be suitable to host P. raimondii , therefore we propose that conservation measures should be prioritized to these areas. Keywords: Modeling of species distribution, MaxEnt, Andes, Climate change.
{"title":"Distribución potencial de puya raimondii harms en futuros escenarios del cambio climático","authors":"Wilder Rolando Quispe Rojas, Eduardo Elias Nuñez","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.605","url":null,"abstract":"El cambio climatico antropogenico es una de las principales causas de perdida de la biodiversidad. En este contexto, existe la necesidad de estudios basados en los futuros impactos del cambio climatico de gran escala para proponer estrategias de conservacion de especies en peligro de extincion como es el caso de Puya raimondii Harms, una especie de bromelia endemica de los Andes de Peru y Bolivia. En este articulo, nosotros modelamos la distribucion potencial actual y futura de P. raimondii con la finalidad de identificar areas prioritarias para la futura conservacion de esta especie endemica. Nuestros resultados revelaron que 1) los espacios actuales potencialmente apropiadas estan centrados para los andes de Peru y Bolivia con una extension de 154268.40 km2, y 2) en escenarios futuros de cambio climatico para la decada de 2070, hay una perdida de areas potenciales, viendose una reduccion de promedio de area a -34326.53 km2 y -8193.22 km2 para los dos escenarios climaticos de las vias de concentracion representativas (RCP) 4.5 y RCP 8.5 respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que a escenarios de cambio climatico solo cinco parches de habitat seran idoneos para albergar a P. raimondii , por tanto, proponemos que las medidas de conservacion deben ser priorizadas a dichas areas. ABSTRACT The anthropogenic climate change is a major cause of biodiversity loss. In this context, there is a need for studies based on the future impacts of large-scale climate change to propose conservation strategies for endangered species such as Puya raimondii Harms, a species of bromeliad endemic to the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. In this article, we model the current and future potential distribution of P. raimondii in order to identify priority areas for the future conservation of this endemic species. Our results revealed that 1) the current potentially suitable areas are centered in the Andes of Peru and Bolivia with an extension of 154268.40 km 2 , and 2) in future climate change scenarios for the 2070s, there is a loss of potential areas, with an average reduction of area to -34326.53 km 2 and -8193.22 km 2 for the two climate scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively. These results suggest that under climate change scenarios only five habitat patches will be suitable to host P. raimondii , therefore we propose that conservation measures should be prioritized to these areas. Keywords: Modeling of species distribution, MaxEnt, Andes, Climate change.","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81118242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Argota Pérez, Fortunato Escobar-Mamani, Edmundo G. Moreno Terrazas
espanolLa contaminacion de la bahia interior del Lago Titicaca es una de las preocupaciones ambientales sobre el ecosistema donde la busqueda de nuevas evaluaciones para la toma de decisiones resulta un desafio cientifico. El proposito del estudio fue evaluar la calidad estacionaria del agua segun el costo ambiental sostenible relativo con agregacion de biomarcadores en la bahia de Puno, Lago Titicaca, Peru. En la zona de proximidad a la descarga de efluentes por la laguna de oxidacion de Espinar (15°51.073 / 69"59.729 a una profundidad de 1,8 m) se midio el oxigeno disuelto, pH, solidos totales disueltos, conductividad electrica, Cu+, Zn+, Pb+, Fe+, Cd+, Al+, Cl-, NO3- y NO2-. Asimismo, se evaluo la concentracion letal media (CL50) en la especie Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854). Con todas las mediciones se determino, el costo ambiental sostenible relativo con agregacion de biomarcadores (COASORbiom). El oxigeno disuelto y los solidos totales disueltos fueron los parametros fisico-quimicos que no cumplieron con el limite maximo permisible conjuntamente con el Cu+, Zn+, Cd+ y Al+ segun el Decreto Supremo No. 004-2017-MINAM. Se observo, sensibilidad toxica letal a bajas concentraciones y en corto periodo de tiempo (5:00 h) en la G. punctata. El COASORbiom que se estimo fue de 0,54 significando ser clasificado en la categoria de recurso no sostenible relativo. Se concluyo que, la zona de muestreo proxima a laguna de oxidacion de Espinar en la bahia de Puno, presento contaminacion de la columna de agua existiendo elevada probabilidad de efectos ambientales negativos requiriendose, el tratamiento eficiente de los efluentes que se descargan. EnglishPollution of the Lake Titicaca's interior bay is one of the environmental concerns about this ecosystem where the search for new assessments for decision-making is a scientific challenge. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stationary quality of water according to the relative sustainable environmental cost with aggregation of biomarkers: Puno Bay, Lake Titicaca, Peru. In the area of proximity to the effluents discharge by the Espinar oxidation lagoon of (15°51.073 / 69"59.729 at a depth of 1.8 m) dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, Cu+, Zn+, Pb+, Fe+, Cd+, Al+, Cl-, NO3- and NO2- was measured. Likewise, the mean lethal concentration (LC50) in the species Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854) was also evaluated. With all the measurements, the relative sustainable environmental cost with biomarker aggregation (COASORbiom) was determined. Dissolved oxygen or dissolved total solids were the physical-chemical parameters that did not meet the maximum permissible limit together with Cu+, Zn+, Cd+ and Al+ according to Supreme Decree No. 004-2017-MINAM. It was observed, lethal toxic sensitivity at low concentrations and in a short period of time (5:00 h) in G. punctata. The COASORbiom estimated was 0.54 meaning to be classified in the relative unsustainable resource category. It wa
{"title":"Calidad estacionaria del agua ante el costo ambiental sostenible relativo con agregación de biomarcadores: Bahía de Puno, lago Titicaca, Pperú","authors":"George Argota Pérez, Fortunato Escobar-Mamani, Edmundo G. Moreno Terrazas","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.602","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa contaminacion de la bahia interior del Lago Titicaca es una de las preocupaciones ambientales sobre el ecosistema donde la busqueda de nuevas evaluaciones para la toma de decisiones resulta un desafio cientifico. El proposito del estudio fue evaluar la calidad estacionaria del agua segun el costo ambiental sostenible relativo con agregacion de biomarcadores en la bahia de Puno, Lago Titicaca, Peru. En la zona de proximidad a la descarga de efluentes por la laguna de oxidacion de Espinar (15°51.073 / 69\"59.729 a una profundidad de 1,8 m) se midio el oxigeno disuelto, pH, solidos totales disueltos, conductividad electrica, Cu+, Zn+, Pb+, Fe+, Cd+, Al+, Cl-, NO3- y NO2-. Asimismo, se evaluo la concentracion letal media (CL50) en la especie Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854). Con todas las mediciones se determino, el costo ambiental sostenible relativo con agregacion de biomarcadores (COASORbiom). El oxigeno disuelto y los solidos totales disueltos fueron los parametros fisico-quimicos que no cumplieron con el limite maximo permisible conjuntamente con el Cu+, Zn+, Cd+ y Al+ segun el Decreto Supremo No. 004-2017-MINAM. Se observo, sensibilidad toxica letal a bajas concentraciones y en corto periodo de tiempo (5:00 h) en la G. punctata. El COASORbiom que se estimo fue de 0,54 significando ser clasificado en la categoria de recurso no sostenible relativo. Se concluyo que, la zona de muestreo proxima a laguna de oxidacion de Espinar en la bahia de Puno, presento contaminacion de la columna de agua existiendo elevada probabilidad de efectos ambientales negativos requiriendose, el tratamiento eficiente de los efluentes que se descargan. EnglishPollution of the Lake Titicaca's interior bay is one of the environmental concerns about this ecosystem where the search for new assessments for decision-making is a scientific challenge. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stationary quality of water according to the relative sustainable environmental cost with aggregation of biomarkers: Puno Bay, Lake Titicaca, Peru. In the area of proximity to the effluents discharge by the Espinar oxidation lagoon of (15°51.073 / 69\"59.729 at a depth of 1.8 m) dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, Cu+, Zn+, Pb+, Fe+, Cd+, Al+, Cl-, NO3- and NO2- was measured. Likewise, the mean lethal concentration (LC50) in the species Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854) was also evaluated. With all the measurements, the relative sustainable environmental cost with biomarker aggregation (COASORbiom) was determined. Dissolved oxygen or dissolved total solids were the physical-chemical parameters that did not meet the maximum permissible limit together with Cu+, Zn+, Cd+ and Al+ according to Supreme Decree No. 004-2017-MINAM. It was observed, lethal toxic sensitivity at low concentrations and in a short period of time (5:00 h) in G. punctata. The COASORbiom estimated was 0.54 meaning to be classified in the relative unsustainable resource category. It wa","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67939025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolThe similarity between the Flash Profile and the Napping®-Ultra Flash Profile (Napping®-UFP) techniques was evaluated using the vector correlation coefficient (Rv). For this purpose, two commercial hot-dog brands from the Lima market and two formulations obtained by Kansei Engineering were sensory characterized. In the Flash Profile, consumers generated and rated their own descriptors, which were processed using the generalized Procrustes analysis. In Napping®-UFP, consumers positioned and described the hot-dog samples on an A3 size sheet. The coordinates (x, y) of each sample and the descriptive terms were processed by multiple factor analysis. The consensus index (Rc = 61.2 %) and the overlap of the confidence ellipses in samples HD2.1 and HD2.2 showed that they did not have a significant sensory difference (p-value espanolSe evaluo la similitud entre las tecnicas Perfil Flash y Napping®-Ultra Perfil Flash (Napping®-UPF) mediante el coeficiente de correlacion vectorial (Rv). Para ello, se caracterizaron sensorialmente dos marcas de hot-dog comerciales del mercado limeno y dos formulaciones obtenidas por Ingenieria Kansei. En el Perfil Flash los consumidores generaron y calificaron sus propios descriptores, que fueron procesados mediante el analisis Procrustes generalizado. En el Napping®-UPF los consumidores posicionaron y describieron las muestras de hot-dog en una hoja tamano A3. Las coordenadas (x, y) de cada muestra y los terminos descriptivos fueron procesados usando el analisis factorial multiple. El indice de consenso (Rc = 61,2 %) y la superposicion de las elipses de confianza en las muestras HD2.1 y HD2.2 evidenciaron que, estas no tenian una diferencia sensorial significativa (p-valor
{"title":"Comparación del Perfil Flash y Napping®-UPF en la caracterización sensorial de hot-dog","authors":"G. Puma-Isuiza, Carlos Núñez-Saavedra","doi":"10.18271/ria.2020.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2020.601","url":null,"abstract":"espanolThe similarity between the Flash Profile and the Napping®-Ultra Flash Profile (Napping®-UFP) techniques was evaluated using the vector correlation coefficient (Rv). For this purpose, two commercial hot-dog brands from the Lima market and two formulations obtained by Kansei Engineering were sensory characterized. In the Flash Profile, consumers generated and rated their own descriptors, which were processed using the generalized Procrustes analysis. In Napping®-UFP, consumers positioned and described the hot-dog samples on an A3 size sheet. The coordinates (x, y) of each sample and the descriptive terms were processed by multiple factor analysis. The consensus index (Rc = 61.2 %) and the overlap of the confidence ellipses in samples HD2.1 and HD2.2 showed that they did not have a significant sensory difference (p-value espanolSe evaluo la similitud entre las tecnicas Perfil Flash y Napping®-Ultra Perfil Flash (Napping®-UPF) mediante el coeficiente de correlacion vectorial (Rv). Para ello, se caracterizaron sensorialmente dos marcas de hot-dog comerciales del mercado limeno y dos formulaciones obtenidas por Ingenieria Kansei. En el Perfil Flash los consumidores generaron y calificaron sus propios descriptores, que fueron procesados mediante el analisis Procrustes generalizado. En el Napping®-UPF los consumidores posicionaron y describieron las muestras de hot-dog en una hoja tamano A3. Las coordenadas (x, y) de cada muestra y los terminos descriptivos fueron procesados usando el analisis factorial multiple. El indice de consenso (Rc = 61,2 %) y la superposicion de las elipses de confianza en las muestras HD2.1 y HD2.2 evidenciaron que, estas no tenian una diferencia sensorial significativa (p-valor","PeriodicalId":41861,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas-Journal of High Andean Research","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87059476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：