Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1954796
E. Marques
ABSTRACT This article discusses transformations in social conditions, rights and urban violence in Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Poverty, social inequalities and violence are constitutive of Brazilian cities, and many interpretations in the literature suggest that these elements vary together in a homogeneous way. Recent broad changes, however, indicate divergent processes pointing in different directions. Economic and political transformations, as well as public policy reforms, have expanded social welfare, income and access to services, especially for the poor. On the other hand, urban violence has increased intensely, hitting the lower classes in particular. Even taking into consideration the Brazilian crisis since 2015, the balance of the three decades after the return to democracy is of reduced poverty and recombined but smaller inequalities, while at the same time, urban violence has disseminated heterogeneously. This article discusses these sometimes incongruent processes, viewed from the perspective of the contradictory construction of citizenship in contemporary Brazil.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1954384
James Halford
ABSTRACT Many critics have observed affinities between the experimental fictions of Australia’s Gerald Murnane (1939–) and the writing of the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986). This extended comparative study considers two main points of intersection. Firstly, both these writers explore the literary potential of ideas drawn from radical idealist philosophy. Secondly, both writers repeatedly converse with European modernist texts and authors from the perspective of peripheral modernity. Here, I reread a selection of iconic Borges stories and essays, including “Funes el memorioso” and “Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote,” alongside texts from across Murnane’s career. The Argentine and Australian writers’ radical idealist poetics work to provincialize the metropolitan discourse of modernism, and to destabilize Northern critical canons and literary genres.
摘要许多评论家观察到澳大利亚作家杰拉尔德·默纳内（1939–）的实验小说与阿根廷人豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯（1899–1986）的作品之间的相似之处。这项扩展的比较研究考虑了两个主要的交叉点。首先，两位作家都探讨了从激进唯心主义哲学中汲取思想的文学潜力。其次，两位作家都反复从边缘现代性的角度与欧洲现代主义文本和作家进行对话。在这里，我重读了一些博尔赫斯的标志性故事和散文，包括《Funes el memorioso》和《Pierre Menard，autor del Quijote》，以及Murnane职业生涯中的文本。阿根廷和澳大利亚作家的激进唯心主义诗学致力于将现代主义的都市话语本土化，并破坏北方批判经典和文学流派的稳定。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1954368
Andrea Ballesteros Danel
ABSTRACT During their explorations of the Americas and the South Sea, the Spanish pondered the question of the origins and ancient voyages of the Indigenous people they encountered. They also documented sightings of local raftsmen along the American Pacific coast and chronicled knowledge gained from them about lands to the west. These writings are not only part of the history of ideas of trans-Pacific contact; they have also been used as evidence demonstrating these contacts—as secondary sources concerning pre-European Indigenous traditions. This article describes and analyzes the earliest European ideas about trans-Pacific contacts or origins concerning the Americas, based on a detailed reading of some of the earliest chronicles. It argues that the central influence of the European intellectual landscape appears to have been the belief that both the biblical traditions and new geographical theories were converging in order to motivate the discovery of lands to the west.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1978449
Michael Callaghan
In December 2016, the Institute of Latin American Studies (ILAS), a research and teaching center of Melbourne’s La Trobe University (LTU), celebrated its fortieth anniversary with a three-day conference, hosting keynote speakers from Brazil, Cuba, Peru and UK with over 70 presentations from diverse disciplines and hundreds of attendees. This event marked the 1976 inauguration of ILAS and celebrated its distinguished achievement as the oldest continually operating academic institute dedicated to Latin American research and teaching in Australia, and indeed throughout Australasia. For nearly 45 years now, ILAS has played a significant role in the formation of many Australian Latin American scholars, and has provided these researchers with a home base from which to work. The history of ILAS is, therefore, also closely linked to the history of Latin American Studies in Australia. During the late 1960s, Australia was experiencing an era of great expansion within the university sector. This period, often referred to as the golden age for universities, occurred between the twilight of the Menzies era and the demise of Gough Whitlam. It was at this time that La Trobe University was established as Victoria’s third university in 1967. From the very beginning, the study of Latin America and the teaching of Spanish were important elements of La Trobe University’s overall plan for research and pedagogy. Historian Tony Disney joined LTU in November 1969 and as he recalls, “it was a widely held assumption that La Trobe ought to become a center—in fact the center—for Latin American Studies.” This was not as a result of any outside pressure from Latin American lobbying, “but rather, sprang from the vision and persistence of a handful of enlightened amateurs.” It was thanks largely to the impetus and foresight of two such supposed amateurs, Jean Martin and Alan Martin, along with Wally Thompson, that La Trobe became a center for Latin American Studies (LAS). Jean Martin was the foundation Professor of Sociology at La Trobe University (1965–1974), while Alan Martin was appointed as the foundation Professor for History in 1966. While neither Jean or Alan were themselves Latin Americanists, both had a keen interest in Latin America, and both were well aware that no other Australian academic institution had ever taken a serious interest in the field of LAS. Jean and Alan Martin felt strongly that the new La Trobe University should fulfill that role. As a result of this belief and their positions, they actively promoted the appointment of Latin Americanists within their respective departments. Thus, scholars were appointed in the fields of History, Sociology, Spanish and Portuguese Languages
{"title":"Introduction Part One: A Brief History of Latin American Studies in Australia","authors":"Michael Callaghan","doi":"10.1080/13260219.2021.1978449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2021.1978449","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2016, the Institute of Latin American Studies (ILAS), a research and teaching center of Melbourne’s La Trobe University (LTU), celebrated its fortieth anniversary with a three-day conference, hosting keynote speakers from Brazil, Cuba, Peru and UK with over 70 presentations from diverse disciplines and hundreds of attendees. This event marked the 1976 inauguration of ILAS and celebrated its distinguished achievement as the oldest continually operating academic institute dedicated to Latin American research and teaching in Australia, and indeed throughout Australasia. For nearly 45 years now, ILAS has played a significant role in the formation of many Australian Latin American scholars, and has provided these researchers with a home base from which to work. The history of ILAS is, therefore, also closely linked to the history of Latin American Studies in Australia. During the late 1960s, Australia was experiencing an era of great expansion within the university sector. This period, often referred to as the golden age for universities, occurred between the twilight of the Menzies era and the demise of Gough Whitlam. It was at this time that La Trobe University was established as Victoria’s third university in 1967. From the very beginning, the study of Latin America and the teaching of Spanish were important elements of La Trobe University’s overall plan for research and pedagogy. Historian Tony Disney joined LTU in November 1969 and as he recalls, “it was a widely held assumption that La Trobe ought to become a center—in fact the center—for Latin American Studies.” This was not as a result of any outside pressure from Latin American lobbying, “but rather, sprang from the vision and persistence of a handful of enlightened amateurs.” It was thanks largely to the impetus and foresight of two such supposed amateurs, Jean Martin and Alan Martin, along with Wally Thompson, that La Trobe became a center for Latin American Studies (LAS). Jean Martin was the foundation Professor of Sociology at La Trobe University (1965–1974), while Alan Martin was appointed as the foundation Professor for History in 1966. While neither Jean or Alan were themselves Latin Americanists, both had a keen interest in Latin America, and both were well aware that no other Australian academic institution had ever taken a serious interest in the field of LAS. Jean and Alan Martin felt strongly that the new La Trobe University should fulfill that role. As a result of this belief and their positions, they actively promoted the appointment of Latin Americanists within their respective departments. Thus, scholars were appointed in the fields of History, Sociology, Spanish and Portuguese Languages","PeriodicalId":41881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1954790
A. Knight
The title roughly reflects the brief I was given when asked to give this talk: a talk that would be broad, reflecting my interest in Latin America (especially Mexico), and signaling the forty years during which the La Trobe University’s Institute of Latin American Studies has ploughed this furrow, sometimes uphill and in harsh weather. In any case, to the credit of those who put their hand to the plough, it has ploughed on. What is more, over the years, it has yielded a bumper harvest. Of course, to a historian like myself, the last forty plus years are a chronological space mostly inhabited by journalists (who often got things wrong) and political scientists (who, like the Gadarene swine, tend to rush headlong after the latest methodological wheeze or fashion). In other words, it is a nasty, slippery, muddy area, full of false dawns and failed predictions, therefore better avoided. As for the future, that is even worse, and I can do no more than echo the Scottish historian Tom Devine, who when asked his opinion of the imminent referendum on Scottish independence, replied: “the future is [. . .] not my period.” I should, first, qualify—matizar—my take on the last forty years, in at least three respects. First, there are brave souls known as contemporary historians who seek to add historical gravitas to journalistic or political-scientific flights of fantasy, but they are hampered by both the lack of available archival evidence and also hindsight (the ability to see long-term trends in context and to discern their dénouement). Historians do not live by archival bread alone, but without archival bread their diet is likely to be thin and unsustaining. Thus, within the big family of historical genres, contemporary history risks being the runt of the litter. A second qualification is that forty years does take us back across the no-man’s-land where journalism ends and serious history starts (and it starts for the reasons just mentioned: archival access plus hindsight). The liminal point—I pat myself on the back for at last managing to drop “liminal” into the conversation—is not, of course, fixed; it will vary according to the kind of history under consideration. But, taking into account common archival practices (such as the UK’s thirty-year rule), forty years—a long generation—gets us to the point at which serious history can be attempted. Therefore, in the case of Mexico, which I will discuss below, the events of the 1970s— the presidency of Luis Echeverría, student protest and repression, the so-called dirty war, trade union dissidence, the counter-culture, inflation, and the start of Mexico’s second oil boom—are now all the subject of serious research, combining archival, oral and other
{"title":"Introduction Part Two: Forty Years of Latin American—Especially Mexican—History","authors":"A. Knight","doi":"10.1080/13260219.2021.1954790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2021.1954790","url":null,"abstract":"The title roughly reflects the brief I was given when asked to give this talk: a talk that would be broad, reflecting my interest in Latin America (especially Mexico), and signaling the forty years during which the La Trobe University’s Institute of Latin American Studies has ploughed this furrow, sometimes uphill and in harsh weather. In any case, to the credit of those who put their hand to the plough, it has ploughed on. What is more, over the years, it has yielded a bumper harvest. Of course, to a historian like myself, the last forty plus years are a chronological space mostly inhabited by journalists (who often got things wrong) and political scientists (who, like the Gadarene swine, tend to rush headlong after the latest methodological wheeze or fashion). In other words, it is a nasty, slippery, muddy area, full of false dawns and failed predictions, therefore better avoided. As for the future, that is even worse, and I can do no more than echo the Scottish historian Tom Devine, who when asked his opinion of the imminent referendum on Scottish independence, replied: “the future is [. . .] not my period.” I should, first, qualify—matizar—my take on the last forty years, in at least three respects. First, there are brave souls known as contemporary historians who seek to add historical gravitas to journalistic or political-scientific flights of fantasy, but they are hampered by both the lack of available archival evidence and also hindsight (the ability to see long-term trends in context and to discern their dénouement). Historians do not live by archival bread alone, but without archival bread their diet is likely to be thin and unsustaining. Thus, within the big family of historical genres, contemporary history risks being the runt of the litter. A second qualification is that forty years does take us back across the no-man’s-land where journalism ends and serious history starts (and it starts for the reasons just mentioned: archival access plus hindsight). The liminal point—I pat myself on the back for at last managing to drop “liminal” into the conversation—is not, of course, fixed; it will vary according to the kind of history under consideration. But, taking into account common archival practices (such as the UK’s thirty-year rule), forty years—a long generation—gets us to the point at which serious history can be attempted. Therefore, in the case of Mexico, which I will discuss below, the events of the 1970s— the presidency of Luis Echeverría, student protest and repression, the so-called dirty war, trade union dissidence, the counter-culture, inflation, and the start of Mexico’s second oil boom—are now all the subject of serious research, combining archival, oral and other","PeriodicalId":41881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1947350
Elias David Morales Martinez, Thulio Manoel Costa de Oliveira
ABSTRACT This article is an analysis of the cooperative security initiatives developed by Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay in the period beginning in 1996, with the establishment of the “Agreement on Security and Ease of Transit of the Tri-border Area,” until 2016. For this purpose, a brief historical background on the transnationalization of organized crime in the region of the tri-border area was made, and in the following section, an analysis of the main policies, agreements and security actions of these countries, considering mainly those aimed at reducing organized crime activities in border regions. From this analysis, it was possible to understand which factors influenced the decision-making of these countries, such as the strong U.S. presence and antiterrorist discourse, the mutual mistrust generated by cases of corruption in police institutions and border control, and social weaknesses still present on the tri-border area. It was also discussed who were the main parastatal actors involved in the process of elaborating the cooperative actions.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1947351
Débora Madrid Brito
ABSTRACT El caballero del dragón is one of the most controversial films in Fernando Colomo’s filmography. This article examines the production of the movie in order to question, on the one hand, its industrial focus and, on the other hand, the attempt to link the film to the science-fiction genre. Thus, we will try to show the excessive focus the filmmaker placed on industrial issues, as well as pointing out the great attention the film pays to the Spanish social context. Both issues impeded the commercial success of the movie as an international production.
{"title":"El caballero del dragón. Estrategias globales para una película nacional","authors":"Débora Madrid Brito","doi":"10.1080/13260219.2021.1947351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2021.1947351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT El caballero del dragón is one of the most controversial films in Fernando Colomo’s filmography. This article examines the production of the movie in order to question, on the one hand, its industrial focus and, on the other hand, the attempt to link the film to the science-fiction genre. Thus, we will try to show the excessive focus the filmmaker placed on industrial issues, as well as pointing out the great attention the film pays to the Spanish social context. Both issues impeded the commercial success of the movie as an international production.","PeriodicalId":41881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47433246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2021.1947353
S. Tejedor, L. Cervi, Fátima Martínez, Fernanda Tusa
ABSTRACT This article presents original results of an investigation carried out in three countries (Colombia, Ecuador and Spain) with 300 Communication students who reflected on the importance, motivations and informative value of social networks. The research presents the results of the last quarter of 2019, and is part of a research project that analyzes the main trends in the use of young Ibero-Americans regarding social networks. The work concludes that users make use of social networks in ubiquitous environments in order to be constantly informed and find out about events in a context of glocality through alternative sources to traditional media companies. In addition, they consider that the networks are emerging spaces for false news that demand a permanent verification of sources (fact-checking) and, therefore, evidence the need to promote media literacy initiatives in university academic environments.
{"title":"Principales motivaciones en el uso de redes sociales en estudiantes de Comunicación: perspectiva comparada entre Colombia, Ecuador y España","authors":"S. Tejedor, L. Cervi, Fátima Martínez, Fernanda Tusa","doi":"10.1080/13260219.2021.1947353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2021.1947353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents original results of an investigation carried out in three countries (Colombia, Ecuador and Spain) with 300 Communication students who reflected on the importance, motivations and informative value of social networks. The research presents the results of the last quarter of 2019, and is part of a research project that analyzes the main trends in the use of young Ibero-Americans regarding social networks. The work concludes that users make use of social networks in ubiquitous environments in order to be constantly informed and find out about events in a context of glocality through alternative sources to traditional media companies. In addition, they consider that the networks are emerging spaces for false news that demand a permanent verification of sources (fact-checking) and, therefore, evidence the need to promote media literacy initiatives in university academic environments.","PeriodicalId":41881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13260219.2021.1947353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44101053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2020.1909876
Daniele Arciello
{"title":"Barroco de ambos mundos. Miradas desde Puebla","authors":"Daniele Arciello","doi":"10.1080/13260219.2020.1909876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2020.1909876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13260219.2020.1909876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48965371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13260219.2020.1909846
M. I. Montoya
ABSTRACT Collaboration has become an indispensable practice for the advancement of science. This article has as an objective to analyze the institutional collaboration networks between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. With a multidisciplinary vision, it considers the scientific production on collective intelligence reported in Web of Science from the beginning of the database until July 2019. The analysis allows identifying the theoretical perspectives through which the research on collective intelligence revolves, the positions of the countries and their hierarchy in the whole, as well as the structure of the collaboration network between the countries in the area. The discussion addresses the review of results to understand the characteristics of academic production. The results show an outstanding rate of collaboration. However, the scientific community is not very cohesive. The conclusions contribute to the understanding of the scientific production on collective intelligence and provide valuable information to strengthen the bonds of scientific cooperation in the region.
协作已成为科学进步不可或缺的实践方式。本文旨在分析拉丁美洲与伊比利亚半岛之间的机构合作网络。它以多学科的视角，考虑了Web of Science从数据库开始到2019年7月报告的关于集体智慧的科学生产。通过分析，可以确定集体智慧研究的理论视角，国家的地位及其整体等级，以及该地区国家之间合作网络的结构。讨论涉及对结果的回顾，以了解学术生产的特点。结果表明，协作率非常高。然而，科学界并不是很有凝聚力。这些结论有助于了解集体智慧的科学成果，并为加强该区域科学合作的纽带提供了宝贵的信息。
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