Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231173254
Namrata Borkotoky
With the establishment of tea plantations in Assam in the first half of the nineteenth century, colonial tea planters and scientists began to examine ways to profitably produce tea for a growing global market. Apart from the visible landscape alterations through mass deforestation, tea monocultures also surreptitiously effected considerable transformation on its immediate physical environment, particularly on the soil. This paper highlights how the question of soil came under the purview of the colonial tea scientists when over the years, consequently and inevitably, these plantations showed a decline in the quality and quantity of tea produced. As a result, the initial conviction in the fertility of Assam’s soil within the tea discourse began to be replaced with discussions that revealed how plantation cultivation of tea itself was at the root of these problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231173217
S. Basha
Hindu women’s marriage reform remained a contentious issue in colonial Andhra. The Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929, popularly known as the Sarda Act, originally fixed the minimum age of marriage of girls and boys at 14 and 18 years, respectively, and thus restrained child marriages. Conservative sections of Andhra society bitterly opposed the Sarda Act. They declared a dharma yudhdham (holy war defending the Hindu religion) on the social reformers, the Congress nationalists and the British government for trying to intrude into the sacred domain of the Hindu family. As they could not stop the Act from being made, they defeated it by making use of the various loopholes present in it. Conservative men mobilised a section of women who took part in the anti-Sarda campaign and agitation. This article is based on a variety of primary sources, especially the woefully neglected conservative journals such as Abhinava Saraswati and Swadharma Prakashini, which undertook a rigorous campaign against the Sarda Act. Pro-reform women’s monthlies such as the Grihalakshmi and newspapers like the Andhra Patrika and Golakonda Patrika, and progressive women’s writings published in contemporary women’s journals are also used.
{"title":"Declaring Dharma Yudhdham: Conservative Reaction Against the Child Marriage Restraint Act in Colonial Andhra, 1928–1938","authors":"S. Basha","doi":"10.1177/03769836231173217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231173217","url":null,"abstract":"Hindu women’s marriage reform remained a contentious issue in colonial Andhra. The Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929, popularly known as the Sarda Act, originally fixed the minimum age of marriage of girls and boys at 14 and 18 years, respectively, and thus restrained child marriages. Conservative sections of Andhra society bitterly opposed the Sarda Act. They declared a dharma yudhdham (holy war defending the Hindu religion) on the social reformers, the Congress nationalists and the British government for trying to intrude into the sacred domain of the Hindu family. As they could not stop the Act from being made, they defeated it by making use of the various loopholes present in it. Conservative men mobilised a section of women who took part in the anti-Sarda campaign and agitation. This article is based on a variety of primary sources, especially the woefully neglected conservative journals such as Abhinava Saraswati and Swadharma Prakashini, which undertook a rigorous campaign against the Sarda Act. Pro-reform women’s monthlies such as the Grihalakshmi and newspapers like the Andhra Patrika and Golakonda Patrika, and progressive women’s writings published in contemporary women’s journals are also used.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"90 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82799513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231174662
B. Roy
Recent articles on temple desecration in pre-modern India and Indo-Muslim states by Richard M. Eaton published in Frontlilne have contributed to the popular Western narratives about India and Indian history. There are many contested areas, misunderstandings and misinterpretations in Eaton’s deliberations on the problem arising out of the conventional historiographic method. Here, an attempt has been made to critically review some of the arguments of Eaton on temple desecration in pre-modern India in a wider methodological perspective, that is, beyond historiography. The historiographic evidence alone in interpreting Indian history may not be enough in view of the complexity of Indian situation, thus necessitating validation of historiography by careful application of contemporary ethnological evidence, circumstantial material evidence and specific Indian contextual situation.
最近，理查德·m·伊顿(Richard M. Eaton)在《前线》(frontl前线)上发表的关于前现代印度和印度-穆斯林国家寺庙亵渎的文章，为西方对印度和印度历史的流行叙述做出了贡献。在伊顿对传统史学方法所产生的问题的思考中，有许多有争议的领域、误解和误读。在这里，我们试图从更广泛的方法论角度，即超越史学的角度，批判性地回顾伊顿关于前现代印度寺庙亵渎的一些论点。考虑到印度情况的复杂性，仅用史学证据来解释印度历史可能是不够的，因此需要仔细应用当代民族学证据、间接物证和特定的印度语境来验证史学。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231174659
R. Tripathi
Santosh Kumar Rai, Weaving Hierarchies: Handloom Weavers in Early Twentieth Century United Provinces (Delhi: Primus, 2021), xx + 515 pp., ₹1,595, ISBN: 9789390737758 (Hardback).
Santosh Kumar Rai，编织等级:20世纪初联合省份的手工织布机编织者(德里:Primus, 2021)， xx + 515页，₹1,595,ISBN: 9789390737758(精装)。
{"title":"Book review: Santosh Kumar Rai, Weaving Hierarchies: Handloom Weavers in Early Twentieth Century United Provinces","authors":"R. Tripathi","doi":"10.1177/03769836231174659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231174659","url":null,"abstract":"Santosh Kumar Rai, Weaving Hierarchies: Handloom Weavers in Early Twentieth Century United Provinces (Delhi: Primus, 2021), xx + 515 pp., ₹1,595, ISBN: 9789390737758 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"198 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82597881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231178452
D. Choubey
Meeta Deka (Ed.), Urbanism in South Asia: Northeast India Outside-In (Delhi: Primus Books, 2020), viii + 340pp., ₹1,195, ISBN: 9789390022335 (Hardback).
Meeta Deka(编)，南亚的城市主义:东北印度内外(德里:Primus Books, 2020)， viii + 340页。，₹1,195,ISBN: 9789390022335(精装本)。
{"title":"Book review: Meeta Deka (Ed.), Urbanism in South Asia: Northeast India Outside-In","authors":"D. Choubey","doi":"10.1177/03769836231178452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231178452","url":null,"abstract":"Meeta Deka (Ed.), Urbanism in South Asia: Northeast India Outside-In (Delhi: Primus Books, 2020), viii + 340pp., ₹1,195, ISBN: 9789390022335 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"193 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77806167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231174660
Nilanjan De
Jean-Francois Salles, Sources on the Gauda Period in Bengal: Essay in Archaeology (Delhi: Primus Book, 2020), xvi + 249 pp., ₹1,095, ISBN: 9789390022847 (Hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Jean-Francois Salles, Sources on the Gauda Period in Bengal: Essay in Archaeology","authors":"Nilanjan De","doi":"10.1177/03769836231174660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231174660","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Francois Salles, Sources on the Gauda Period in Bengal: Essay in Archaeology (Delhi: Primus Book, 2020), xvi + 249 pp., ₹1,095, ISBN: 9789390022847 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"201 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78614993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231173045
S. Biswas
This article challenges the traditional view that Dalits† gave up their right to representation when Ambedkar signed the Poona Pact and agreed to joint electorates, which allowed caste Hindus to elect ‘failed’ Dalit candidates of the primaries in the final polls. The article shows that upper-caste Hindus cast their votes for the same Dalit candidates in the final elections who received the highest Dalit votes in the primaries through an examination of the provincial elections in 1936−1937 and 1945−1946. The article argues that Dalit candidates elected either through joint or separate electorates cannot necessarily guarantee the autonomy of Dalit representatives. It contends that only Dalit legislators having the epistemic aspect emphasised by Ambedkar and the empathetic character underlined by Gandhi can be preferable representatives of Dalit interests.
{"title":"Can an Electoral System Ensure Real Representation? The Poona Pact and Preferable Dalit Representatives","authors":"S. Biswas","doi":"10.1177/03769836231173045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231173045","url":null,"abstract":"This article challenges the traditional view that Dalits† gave up their right to representation when Ambedkar signed the Poona Pact and agreed to joint electorates, which allowed caste Hindus to elect ‘failed’ Dalit candidates of the primaries in the final polls. The article shows that upper-caste Hindus cast their votes for the same Dalit candidates in the final elections who received the highest Dalit votes in the primaries through an examination of the provincial elections in 1936−1937 and 1945−1946. The article argues that Dalit candidates elected either through joint or separate electorates cannot necessarily guarantee the autonomy of Dalit representatives. It contends that only Dalit legislators having the epistemic aspect emphasised by Ambedkar and the empathetic character underlined by Gandhi can be preferable representatives of Dalit interests.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"25 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80771931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231173189
M. Doss
Exploring the cordial relationship and mutual respect between Gandhiji and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), this article critically examines the political rhetoric against the RSS and its implications. As a nationalist cultural organisation, the RSS had been well aligned with most of the social and cultural programmes initiated by Gandhiji. When critics of the RSS like Jawaharlal Nehru were keen on crushing the RSS, the truth-seeking political philosopher Gandhiji applauded its discipline, annihilation of untouchability and the rigorous simplicity. This article demonstrates how the serious charges against the RSS that were brought to the notice of Gandhiji by a section of Congress leaders further cemented the cultural grounding of social representations between the two, instead of making Gandhiji be the stranger of the RSS.
{"title":"Gandhiji and RSS: The Cultural Grounding of Social Representations","authors":"M. Doss","doi":"10.1177/03769836231173189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231173189","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the cordial relationship and mutual respect between Gandhiji and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), this article critically examines the political rhetoric against the RSS and its implications. As a nationalist cultural organisation, the RSS had been well aligned with most of the social and cultural programmes initiated by Gandhiji. When critics of the RSS like Jawaharlal Nehru were keen on crushing the RSS, the truth-seeking political philosopher Gandhiji applauded its discipline, annihilation of untouchability and the rigorous simplicity. This article demonstrates how the serious charges against the RSS that were brought to the notice of Gandhiji by a section of Congress leaders further cemented the cultural grounding of social representations between the two, instead of making Gandhiji be the stranger of the RSS.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"109 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87836010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836231173219
Prof Vikas Kumar
The second urbanisation in Indian history coincides with the processes of state formation, expansion of agriculture, spread of iron technology and wet rice cultivation. Needless to say, these together with many other topographical factors accounted for the growth and sustenance of a large number of primary producers who were capable of sustaining another sizeable number of secondary producers, thus acting as a catalyst to the urban social formations after a gap of several centuries since the decline of the urban centres of the mature Harappan phase. This essay is a survey of the historiographic and cultural developments associated with this phase of Indian history.
{"title":"Second Urbanisation and the Facets of Socio-economic Change in the Gangetic Valley","authors":"Prof Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.1177/03769836231173219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836231173219","url":null,"abstract":"The second urbanisation in Indian history coincides with the processes of state formation, expansion of agriculture, spread of iron technology and wet rice cultivation. Needless to say, these together with many other topographical factors accounted for the growth and sustenance of a large number of primary producers who were capable of sustaining another sizeable number of secondary producers, thus acting as a catalyst to the urban social formations after a gap of several centuries since the decline of the urban centres of the mature Harappan phase. This essay is a survey of the historiographic and cultural developments associated with this phase of Indian history.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"146 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73068097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836221136275
Gh Hassan Wani
India, despite being a small world with different cultures, religions, races and languages, has been living on the ideal of unity in diversity. This unity in diversity works on the twin principles; unity and harmony. India’s harmonious sociocultural edifice rests on some basic pillars; communal harmony, composite culture, syncretism, non-violence, common brotherhood, morality and social values, whose cementing materials are mutual trust, accommodation, adaptation, toleration, fraternity, mutual respect and progressive thought. These elements of Indian society form the base of the Indian nation and have always made India a living entity. The harmony and unity in diversity, now an international hallmark of India, has helped the country to keep up its vibrant journey and face all the odds coming with time and space. It was this unity and harmony that liberated India from colonial rule and it must be so to free India from all evils. India’s first army of liberation, Azad Hind Fauj, although primarily a revolutionary army formed to liberate India through armed revolution, was also an embodiment of unity and harmony. During its course, INA has also developed some models of unity and communal harmony which are always relevant to India, owing to their compatibility to the basic elements and tenets of Indian society. This piece of research presented here will focus on INA’s model of communal harmony vis-à-vis its relevance to contemporary and future India.
{"title":"INA’s Model of Communal Harmony: A Way Forward Among Communal Tensions in India","authors":"Gh Hassan Wani","doi":"10.1177/03769836221136275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836221136275","url":null,"abstract":"India, despite being a small world with different cultures, religions, races and languages, has been living on the ideal of unity in diversity. This unity in diversity works on the twin principles; unity and harmony. India’s harmonious sociocultural edifice rests on some basic pillars; communal harmony, composite culture, syncretism, non-violence, common brotherhood, morality and social values, whose cementing materials are mutual trust, accommodation, adaptation, toleration, fraternity, mutual respect and progressive thought. These elements of Indian society form the base of the Indian nation and have always made India a living entity. The harmony and unity in diversity, now an international hallmark of India, has helped the country to keep up its vibrant journey and face all the odds coming with time and space. It was this unity and harmony that liberated India from colonial rule and it must be so to free India from all evils. India’s first army of liberation, Azad Hind Fauj, although primarily a revolutionary army formed to liberate India through armed revolution, was also an embodiment of unity and harmony. During its course, INA has also developed some models of unity and communal harmony which are always relevant to India, owing to their compatibility to the basic elements and tenets of Indian society. This piece of research presented here will focus on INA’s model of communal harmony vis-à-vis its relevance to contemporary and future India.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"292 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90336800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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