{"title":"Aaron Allen, Building Early Modern Edinburgh. A Social History of Craftwork and Incorporation","authors":"Stana Nenadic","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"67-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Richard B. Sher, Church and University in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Moderate Literati of Edinburgh","authors":"C. McCracken-Flesher","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"70-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44778393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justice, one of the requisites for a healthy society, is not novel in Igbo land. Its presence in Igbo land prior to the 2000s is undeniable. Put differently, there has been administration of justice virtually in all facets of life in Igbo society even before the white man’s “Santa Marias” and conveyances landed on the shores and borders of Eastern Nigeria. Igbo maxims such as onye ruo, o rie (idlers should know no pay/no work, no pay); egbe bere, ugo bere; nke siri ibe ya ebena nku kwaya (let the affluent as well as the indigent live; but let any between them that opposes the other’s existence be the first to be ostracized/exited); ochu nwa okuko nwe ada; nwa okuko nwe oso (he who tries to harm the innocent must end up harming himself); ihe onye metara, o buru (whatsoever one’s actions are, one must face the consequences); e mere nwata ka emere ibe ya, obi adi ya nma (all should be treated equally for peace’s sake), etc. abound. Be that as it may, this paper seeks to painstakingly look at justice from the set of Igbo binoculars; that is, how it was perceived by and its importance to the Igbo people. It also scrutinized the various institutions responsible for and aid in the administration of justice in Igbo society before now. All in all, some negative changes that have occurred in the Igbo society in the present millennium in respect to administration of justice is not left unconsidered.
正义是一个健康社会的必要条件之一，在伊博人的土地上并不新鲜。它在21世纪前在伊博人的土地上的存在是不可否认的。换句话说，甚至在白人的“圣玛丽亚”和交通工具抵达尼日利亚东部海岸和边界之前，伊博社会生活的几乎所有方面都有司法行政。伊博格言，如onye ruo, o rie(游手好闲的人应该知道没有报酬/没有工作，没有报酬);你在这儿，你在这儿;让富人和穷人都生活在一起;但让他们之间任何反对对方存在的人首先被排斥(退出);大竹新和大子新;Nwa okuko nwe oso(试图伤害无辜的人最终必须伤害自己);唯一的代价是，不管一个人做什么，他都必须面对后果;E mere nwata ka emere ibe ya, obi adi ya nma(为了和平，所有人都应该平等对待)等等。尽管如此，本文试图从伊博人的双筒望远镜中煞费苦心地审视正义;也就是说，它是如何被伊博人看待的，以及它对伊博人的重要性。在此之前，它还审查了负责和协助伊博社会司法的各种机构。总而言之，伊博社会在本千年中在司法方面所发生的一些消极变化并没有被忽视。
{"title":"JUSTICE AND ITS ADMINISTRATION IN IGBOLAND BEFORE THE DAWN OF THE PRESENT MILLENNIUM","authors":"Obiwuru Chidera Rex","doi":"10.47941/JHS.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/JHS.368","url":null,"abstract":"Justice, one of the requisites for a healthy society, is not novel in Igbo land. Its presence in Igbo land prior to the 2000s is undeniable. Put differently, there has been administration of justice virtually in all facets of life in Igbo society even before the white man’s “Santa Marias” and conveyances landed on the shores and borders of Eastern Nigeria. Igbo maxims such as onye ruo, o rie (idlers should know no pay/no work, no pay); egbe bere, ugo bere; nke siri ibe ya ebena nku kwaya (let the affluent as well as the indigent live; but let any between them that opposes the other’s existence be the first to be ostracized/exited); ochu nwa okuko nwe ada; nwa okuko nwe oso (he who tries to harm the innocent must end up harming himself); ihe onye metara, o buru (whatsoever one’s actions are, one must face the consequences); e mere nwata ka emere ibe ya, obi adi ya nma (all should be treated equally for peace’s sake), etc. abound. Be that as it may, this paper seeks to painstakingly look at justice from the set of Igbo binoculars; that is, how it was perceived by and its importance to the Igbo people. It also scrutinized the various institutions responsible for and aid in the administration of justice in Igbo society before now. All in all, some negative changes that have occurred in the Igbo society in the present millennium in respect to administration of justice is not left unconsidered.","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86152655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History as both a discipline and a concept is intertwined with the direction that any society takes. There is a positive link between progress of a society and its integration. These are best achieved through the inculcation of historical values and heritage; indeed, the best way of moving forward is by looking back at history. Therefore, this paper examines the place of history in national integration and development specifically with regards to Kenya. It posits that history, as one of the subjects taught in Kenya’s education system, is critical in promoting political, social and economic development. This is because it provides an in depth understanding and appreciation in individuals about where the society has come from, the challenges it has faced and out of that, the best way of solving those challenges. All these values form a momentum which is capable of promoting progress. The study used desk review by collecting, organizing and synthesizing available information which included journal articles, reports and newspaper focusing on the subject of history. For a better understanding of the nature of forces and processes of national development, there is need to appreciate the diversity that makes up Kenya. Thus, through the teaching and study of history, individuals can inculcate national consciousness, patriotism and sense of social responsibility in their lives. Certain historical values that the discipline transmits like cohesion, inter-ethnic relations and cultural diffusion should form the basis of national orientation, instead of a debate on deprivation, resource control and other mischievous issues that stunt development. This article concludes that since development is a product of change, and the subject matter of history focuses on continuity and change, it follows that development can only be understood and appreciated within the context of history. It is this strategic place of history in facilitating integration that makes history incubator of development.
{"title":"THE PLACE OF HISTORY IN NATIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT: THE KENYAN PERSPECTIVE","authors":"C. Kiprono","doi":"10.47941/jhs.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jhs.361","url":null,"abstract":"History as both a discipline and a concept is intertwined with the direction that any society takes. There is a positive link between progress of a society and its integration. These are best achieved through the inculcation of historical values and heritage; indeed, the best way of moving forward is by looking back at history. Therefore, this paper examines the place of history in national integration and development specifically with regards to Kenya. It posits that history, as one of the subjects taught in Kenya’s education system, is critical in promoting political, social and economic development. This is because it provides an in depth understanding and appreciation in individuals about where the society has come from, the challenges it has faced and out of that, the best way of solving those challenges. All these values form a momentum which is capable of promoting progress. The study used desk review by collecting, organizing and synthesizing available information which included journal articles, reports and newspaper focusing on the subject of history. For a better understanding of the nature of forces and processes of national development, there is need to appreciate the diversity that makes up Kenya. Thus, through the teaching and study of history, individuals can inculcate national consciousness, patriotism and sense of social responsibility in their lives. Certain historical values that the discipline transmits like cohesion, inter-ethnic relations and cultural diffusion should form the basis of national orientation, instead of a debate on deprivation, resource control and other mischievous issues that stunt development. This article concludes that since development is a product of change, and the subject matter of history focuses on continuity and change, it follows that development can only be understood and appreciated within the context of history. It is this strategic place of history in facilitating integration that makes history incubator of development.","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86490073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The French invasion of Egypt sparked a national passion for all of Egypt's ancient Pharaonic history. Napoleon not only came to invade Egypt, but brought with him more than 150 scientists, cartographers, artists, naturalists and even musicians and painters; Observing the details of ancient sites and existing customs, the result was the huge work "Description of Egypt", published between 1809 and 1829, in twenty volumes, containing about 900 inscriptions. The French scientist François Arago (1786 - 1853) regretted that photography had not been invented yet. As he announced in Paris on January 7, 1839, he invented the photographic design designed by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre to copy millions of hieroglyphs covering the exterior of the great monuments at Thebes, Memphis, Karnak, etc., you'll need decades of hordes of painters, but with the invention of Daguerre, one person is enough to do so.In announcing the invention of photography, Arago pledged to harness this invention in the service of science - and was intended to replace the cartoons of the book Description of Egypt; The attention of photographers, they showed the beauty of the region, as well as recording the landmarks of this civilization. These early photographers also presented a series of unique images of Egypt, thereby deepening the French public's sense of the greatness of the Egyptian civilization, and the world in general, with the legacy they documented. Thousands of years ago, they have stimulated those who will come after them to see all these tourist places, and the interest in the region, which has already increased with the development in the process of photography, which contributed to the increase of desire and see those places and take pictures of them.
法国对埃及的入侵引发了对埃及所有古代法老历史的民族热情。拿破仑不仅入侵埃及，还带来了150多位科学家、制图师、艺术家、博物学家，甚至还有音乐家和画家;通过对古代遗址和现存习俗的详细观察，他们完成了巨著《埃及描述》。这部巨著于1809年至1829年间出版，共20卷，包含了大约900个碑文。法国科学家弗朗索瓦·阿拉戈(1786 - 1853)后悔当时还没有发明摄影术。1839年1月7日，他在巴黎宣布，他发明了由路易·雅克·曼达尔·达盖尔(louis - jacques - mand Daguerre)设计的摄影设计，可以复制底比斯(Thebes)、孟菲斯(Memphis)、卡纳克(Karnak)等伟大纪念碑的外表上数百万个象形文字，你需要几十年的画家，但有了达盖尔的发明，一个人就足够了。在宣布摄影术的发明时，阿拉戈承诺要利用这项发明为科学服务——并打算取代《埃及描述》一书中的漫画;在摄影师的关注下，他们展示了这个地区的美丽，同时也记录了这个文明的地标。这些早期摄影师还展示了一系列独特的埃及图像，从而加深了法国公众对埃及文明和整个世界的伟大意识，他们记录了遗产。几千年前，他们刺激了那些会来的人去看所有这些旅游景点，对这个地区的兴趣，随着摄影技术的发展，已经增加了，这有助于增加欲望，看到这些地方，并拍摄他们的照片。
{"title":"EGYPT IN THE EYES OF THE FIRST FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHERS","authors":"Y. Salama","doi":"10.47941/JHS.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/JHS.357","url":null,"abstract":"The French invasion of Egypt sparked a national passion for all of Egypt's ancient Pharaonic history. Napoleon not only came to invade Egypt, but brought with him more than 150 scientists, cartographers, artists, naturalists and even musicians and painters; Observing the details of ancient sites and existing customs, the result was the huge work \"Description of Egypt\", published between 1809 and 1829, in twenty volumes, containing about 900 inscriptions. The French scientist François Arago (1786 - 1853) regretted that photography had not been invented yet. As he announced in Paris on January 7, 1839, he invented the photographic design designed by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre to copy millions of hieroglyphs covering the exterior of the great monuments at Thebes, Memphis, Karnak, etc., you'll need decades of hordes of painters, but with the invention of Daguerre, one person is enough to do so.In announcing the invention of photography, Arago pledged to harness this invention in the service of science - and was intended to replace the cartoons of the book Description of Egypt; The attention of photographers, they showed the beauty of the region, as well as recording the landmarks of this civilization. These early photographers also presented a series of unique images of Egypt, thereby deepening the French public's sense of the greatness of the Egyptian civilization, and the world in general, with the legacy they documented. Thousands of years ago, they have stimulated those who will come after them to see all these tourist places, and the interest in the region, which has already increased with the development in the process of photography, which contributed to the increase of desire and see those places and take pictures of them.","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.12677/ojhs.2020.82002
李 福长
{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Crime of Corruption of Officials in the Tang Code and Law of Ming Dynasty","authors":"李 福长","doi":"10.12677/ojhs.2020.82002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/ojhs.2020.82002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76501330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.12677/ojhs.2020.84005
孙 光富
{"title":"An Analysis of French Political Thinkers’ Ap-plication of Eastern Studies Introduced to the West","authors":"孙 光富","doi":"10.12677/ojhs.2020.84005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/ojhs.2020.84005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81218686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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