Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.12677/ojhs.2020.84006
天宸 张
{"title":"On the Origin and Development of Modernity in Human Society—A Case Study of Asia, South America and Africa under Colonialism in the 19th Century","authors":"天宸 张","doi":"10.12677/ojhs.2020.84006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/ojhs.2020.84006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80918793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the linguistic landscape of the nineteenth-century Highlands through the lens of the labour market. It analyses a corpus of over 600 job advertisements seeking Gaelic speakers which appeared in The Inverness Courier between 1817 and 1899 and draws on a further 200 from selected years of The Glasgow Herald and The Scotsman. It examines the range of roles in which an ability to speak Gaelic, alongside English, was seen as either a necessity or advantageous by employers, considering in turn, education, health and social welfare, commerce, domestic service, law and order, estate and land, and the church. Some of the factors behind growing opportunities for skilled and semi-skilled Gaelic speakers are explored, such as the expansion of the health and welfare system in the wake of the 1845 Poor Law (Scotland) Act, and the accommodations made for the needs of Gaelic speakers when new roles were created. The continuing utility of Gaelic in Highland commerce also emerges as a counter to contemporary views of the language as unsuited for such transactional contexts. The evidence from these advertisements underlines the complexity of language usage in the Highlands in the nineteenth century as well as the need for further research to extend our understanding of the use of Gaelic in both public and private spheres.
本文通过劳动力市场的视角考察了19世纪高地的语言景观。它分析了1817年至1899年间出现在《因弗内斯信使报》上的600多条招聘盖尔语使用者的广告，并从《格拉斯哥先驱报》和《苏格兰人报》中精选了200多条。它考察了雇主认为会讲盖尔语和英语是必要条件或有利条件的各种作用，依次考虑到教育、卫生和社会福利、商业、家政服务、法律和秩序、房地产和土地以及教会。本书探讨了熟练和半熟练盖尔语使用者机会不断增加背后的一些因素，例如1845年《苏格兰济贫法》(Poor Law (Scotland) Act)之后卫生和福利制度的扩大，以及在创造新角色时为盖尔语使用者的需求做出的调整。盖尔语在高地商业中的持续使用，也与当时认为盖尔语不适合这种交易环境的观点形成了对比。这些广告的证据强调了19世纪高地语言使用的复杂性，以及进一步研究以扩大我们对盖尔语在公共和私人领域使用的理解的必要性。
{"title":"‘Gaelic a Recommendation’: Language and Employment in the Nineteenth-Century Highlands","authors":"S. Kidd","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0298","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the linguistic landscape of the nineteenth-century Highlands through the lens of the labour market. It analyses a corpus of over 600 job advertisements seeking Gaelic speakers which appeared in The Inverness Courier between 1817 and 1899 and draws on a further 200 from selected years of The Glasgow Herald and The Scotsman. It examines the range of roles in which an ability to speak Gaelic, alongside English, was seen as either a necessity or advantageous by employers, considering in turn, education, health and social welfare, commerce, domestic service, law and order, estate and land, and the church. Some of the factors behind growing opportunities for skilled and semi-skilled Gaelic speakers are explored, such as the expansion of the health and welfare system in the wake of the 1845 Poor Law (Scotland) Act, and the accommodations made for the needs of Gaelic speakers when new roles were created. The continuing utility of Gaelic in Highland commerce also emerges as a counter to contemporary views of the language as unsuited for such transactional contexts. The evidence from these advertisements underlines the complexity of language usage in the Highlands in the nineteenth century as well as the need for further research to extend our understanding of the use of Gaelic in both public and private spheres.","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"77-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"David Gange, The Frayed Atlantic Edge: A Historian's Journey from Shetland to the Channel","authors":"C. Pearce","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friendly societies gave working people an element of security through mutual insurance against sickness, while also offering opportunities for regular, sometimes ritual-based, sociability. Their hi...
{"title":"‘The Principle of Mutual Support’: Female Friendly Societies in Scotland, c. 1789–1830","authors":"J. Rendall","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0285","url":null,"abstract":"Friendly societies gave working people an element of security through mutual insurance against sickness, while also offering opportunities for regular, sometimes ritual-based, sociability. Their hi...","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"17-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48705715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
McIntyre, in his seminal work on Scottish franchise courts, argues that these courts were in decline in this period, and of little relevance to their local population.1 But was that really the case...
{"title":"A Court in Decline? Examining the Regality Court Records of Melrose, Roxburghshire, 1657–84","authors":"Vivienne S. Dunstan","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0284","url":null,"abstract":"McIntyre, in his seminal work on Scottish franchise courts, argues that these courts were in decline in this period, and of little relevance to their local population.1 But was that really the case...","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43830444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alexander Fleming and Roger Mason (eds), Scotland and the Flemish People","authors":"J. Dawson","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"72-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peter C. Jupp, Douglas J. Davies, Hilary J. Grainger, Gordon D. Raeburn and Stephen R.G. White, Cremation in Modern Scotland: History, Architecture and the Law","authors":"A. Feintuck","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"74-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42450919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"C. A. Whatley, Pabay: an island odyssey","authors":"A. Tindley","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on women working in reserved occupations in Glasgow and Clydeside during the Second World War, including their feelings of contribution to the war effort, self-fulfilment in wo...
{"title":"Gendered Identities in British Regions in Wartime: Women in Reserved Occupations in Glasgow and Clydeside in the Second World War","authors":"Alison Chand","doi":"10.3366/jshs.2020.0286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2020.0286","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on women working in reserved occupations in Glasgow and Clydeside during the Second World War, including their feelings of contribution to the war effort, self-fulfilment in wo...","PeriodicalId":41986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Historical Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"40-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49498006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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