European Oral Research最新文献

Purpose: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and anxiety of the dentists in relation to COVID-19.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 590 dentists employed in Turkey from March to April 2020. The electronic survey consisted of 22 questions related to demographic profile, knowledge, clinical practice and anxiety level of the participants towards dental management of COVID-19. The survey was sent to participants by email and mobile phone messages to be filled electronically.

Results: Majority of respondents pointed to aerosol (98.5%), saliva (90.6%) and mucosal contact (71.4%) as the transmission routes of COVID-19. Amongst all clinical symptoms of the disease questioned, fever (99.8%), dry cough (99.1%), fatigue (90.0%) were associated with COVID-19 by vast majority of population. 96.4% of respondents agreed the usage of gloves as personal protective equipment and it was followed by face shield (88.1%), disposable gown (83.4%), protective goggles (73.9%). Increased usage of FFP2/N95 (33.9%) and FFP3/N99 (10.9%) respirators, contrary to reduction of surgical mask usage (50.7%), were observed in aerosolgenerating procedures comparing to dental procedures without producing aerosol and these differences were highly significant (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001). The mean anxiety level of respondents was 3.35 ± 1.18 (ranging from 0 to 5).

Conclusion: These results demonstrated an adequate knowledge, especially in clinical symptoms of COVID-19 amongst dentists. However, the respirator usage rate in aerosol-generating procedures was not satisfactory which suggesting to necessity of dentists' education about pandemic.

Purpose: There is conflicting information about the relationship between tooth color and skin color in the literature. The aim of the present study was evaluation of the correlation between L, a, b values of skin and tooth shade using a new skin color measurement method.

Materials and methods: CIELab values of teeth were obtained through measurements from the middle third of the labial surfaces on central incisors of individuals using a clinical spectrophotometer. CIELab values of the skin were measured through facial images using a software which was manufactured for present study. A statistical analysis program (SAS 9.4) was used for the analysis of the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnow test, t-test, and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate the data (α=0.05).

Results: Correlations between variables revealed that while the lowest and statistically insignificant correlations were observed with a* values of the skin, significant correlations did not exceed moderate level (p < .05). When considering regression analysis results, b* values of the skin had a statistically significant effect in describing b* values of the tooth, while L* and a* values of the skin were observed to be insufficient in describing L* and a* values of the teeth.

Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that different significant correlations were observed between the skin and tooth color for different L*, a*, and b parameters (p <0.05 and p <0.01). The results indicated that skin color can be used for tooth color selection in case of loss of natural teeth or when discoloration is present on existing teeth.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate if the contact of calcium hydroxide cements with polyacrylic and phosphoric acids would alter selected microscopic and physical and chemical properties.

Materials and methods: Chemically activated (Hydro C and Dycal Advanced Formula II) and resin-modified photoactivated (Ultra-blend Plus) calcium hydroxide cements were examined after exposure to the following different strategies: contact with no substance (control group); rinsing with water and drying; contact with polyacrylic acid, rinsing with water, and drying; and contact with phosphoric acid, rinsing with water, and drying. Surface morphology, determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water sorption and solubility, and the release of hydroxyl ions were evaluated.

Results: SEM showed a greater impact of the conditioning acids on the surface of the chemically activated cements. Ultra-blend Plus obtained the highest value of sorption (516.8 μg/mm3) and solubility (381.1 μg/mm3) and Hydro C had the lowest values 251.9 μg/mm3 and 206.3 μg/mm3 respectively. Considering the release of hydroxyl ions in comparison with time, Hydro C and Ultra-blend Plus presented significant statistical difference for polyacrylic and phosphoric acid subgroups.

Conclusion: Hydro C and Dycal presented intensification of surface irregularities after contact with conditioning acids. The chemically activated materials suffered a decrease in sorption and solubility. The action of the conditioning acids promotes greater increase of the release of hydroxyl ions for Hydro C and Dycal.

Dental centers have been referred to as a hub or reservoir for infection, where healthcare professionals and other staff, patients and the public together may potentially spread pathogenic microorganisms. This may occur via saliva, skin or indirectly through air, water, and contaminated surfaces or instruments. Everyone should therefore be considered as potential sources of infection. During a pandemic, limiting unnecessary care has been adopted as a clinical measure for some patient's, to reduce the risk of cross-infection in the short term. However, in order to enable continuation of necessary and qualified care, dental processes need to follow specific infection control strategies in order to prevent transmission of emerging pandemic risks following COVID-19. In this article, we develop a tool with practical recommendations to mitigate infection risks before, during and following pandemics to enable ongoing dental care provision in primary and secondary care based on national and global recommendations.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether horizontal continuous and apical stretching sutures could reduce FGG shrinkage.

Materials and methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial ten patients (20 sites, seven females and three males) ranging from 18 to 53 years (average 39 years) with insufficient keratinized and attached gingiva received FGG in two quadrants of mandible (splitmouth design). Horizontal continuous and apical stretching sutures were used in test sites in addition to common suturing techniques. Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), the width of keratinized and attached gingiva (KG, AG), the horizontal and vertical dimension of the graft (HD, VD), and graft area (GA) were recorded at baseline and 1, 3, and six months after the operation.

Results: PD did not differ significantly for six months. The average change of other parameters in test and control sites respectively was as follows: KG increased 5.5 mm and 5.1 mm, AG increased 5.3 mm and 5.1 mm, HD shrinkage was 21.6% and 15.8%, VD shrinkage was 33.7% and 33.2%, GA shrinkage was 47.3% and 43.3%. There were no significant differences between test and control sites in clinical parameters six months after surgery.

Conclusion: Application of horizontal continuous and apical stretching sutures does not reduce FGG shrinkage.

Purpose: In radiological views, strong beam hardening and streaking artifacts occur due to high-density structures and polyenergetic X-ray beams, and these lead to misdiagnosis. This study was performed in vitro to compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of commonly used dental restorative materials by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images with and without artifact reduction (AR) mode.

Materials and methods: A total of 108 molar teeth were restored with nine different groups of restorative materials, with each group containing 12 teeth. Teeth were placed in a dry human mandible and scanned, one by one, via Planmeca 3D ProMax (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with and without AR mode. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate the CNR.

Results: CNR was calculated to be the highest in compomer (Glassiosite) images without AR mode (mean: 3.36) and with AR mode (mean: 3.61). CNR was calculated to be the lowest in amalgam (Tytin) images without AR mode (mean: 0.21) and with AR mode (mean: 0.23). A significant difference was found between materials in terms of CNR measurements (p ≤ 0.05). CNR measurements were increased after the AR mode application (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: AR mode was effective in reducing artifacts arising from dental materials on CBCT images, so it is necessary to use AR mode for correct diagnoses.

Purpose: Cavity disinfection, in addition to routine caries removal methods, is recommended to eliminate the microorganisms. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of various systems Er,Cr:YSGG lasers, diode lasers and FotoSan and agents Corsodyl; Cervitec and Cervitec Plus and Fluor Protector-on the nanoleakage of compomer restorations when used for cavity disinfection.

Materials and methods: A total of 40 intact human deciduous molar teeth containing Black V cavities (3×2×1.5 mm) on the buccal and lingual surfaces parallel to the cementoenamel junction were randomly divided into 8 groups according to the cavity disinfection methods. The antibacterial agents and systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Restorations were completed using a compomer. The restored teeth were then subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles in a water bath at 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds. After the thermocycling procedures, 1-mm sticks were obtained from the center of each cavity to prepare for the nanoleakage test. After the teeth were sectioned, they were immersed in 50 wt % ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for 24 hours and dipped in photo-developing solutions for 8 hours with fluorescent light irradiation. The samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05) were applied.

Results: The Er,Cr:YSGG laser group showed significantly less nanoleakage than all of the tested groups (p<0.01). The diode laser, Fluor protector and FotoSan groups showed similar nanoleakage to that of the control group (p>0.05). The Corsodyl (p<0.01) and Cervitec (p<0.001) groups showed significantly higher nanoleakage than the control group.

Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation which showed lower nanoleakage scores from either control or tested groups can be recommended for cavity disinfection Additionally, a diode laser and FotoSan, which have antibacterial effects and no negative effect on leakage, can be used for cavity disinfection.

Purpose: This study evaluated the flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) reinforced with various concentrations of zinc oxide (Zn O) nanoparticles.

Materials and methods: Nano ZnO was added in 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.4 percentage to PMMA denture base material. 60 specimens of heat cure polymerizing acrylic resin of dimensions 10mm x 4mm x 80mm were fabricated in accordance to ISO 20795-1-2013. The specimens were divided into 6 groups. Acrylic specimens were processed according to manufacturer's instruction. Three-point bending test was performed to evaluate the flexural strength. Surface analysis was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the fracture surfaces of specimens. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in strength between groups. The flexural strength improved with the addition ZnO nanoparticles. Highest mean value was observed in Group nZn -14 (91.31 MPa) and lowest in control Group nZn-0 (61.36 MPa). ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significance test found statistical significant differences among the groups ( p<0.001).

Conclusion: The addition of ZnO nanoparticles in all concentrations increased the flexural strength of acrylic resin when compared to the control group.

Purpose: The low salivary pH and buffering capacity are caused by using heart failure medications. For this reason oral health should be supported in cardiac patients, it is necessary that they attend dental clinics for regular follow up. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the salivary oxidative stress markers and salivary pH, salivary buffering capacity, salivary flow rate and dental caries of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out with 42 CHD and 42 healthy children. The participants' gender, age, general health and medications, and caries scores (dfs/ DMFS) were written down, then their unstimulated saliva samples were collected. These specimens were evaluated in terms of the salivary secretion rate, salivary buffering capacity, pH, protein levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, protein thiols, total sialic acid.

Results: Both groups showed caries at similar levels. The salivary pH and buffering capacity were significantly less in the children with CHD than in the controls. The levels of TBARS and protein carbonyl were significantly higher in the children with CHD than in the controls. There was not any significant difference relating to the mean salivary secretion rate, protein levels, SOD, FRAP, protein thiols and total sialic acid.

Conclusion: The elevated TBARS and protein carbonyl levels in the patients with CHD were observed as an indicator of the free radical damage leading to oxidative stress.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and compare their microhardness values.

Materials and methods: Sixty disc-shaped specimens were prepared and assigned to 6 groups (n =10). Groups were prepared as follows; Group 1 (Herculite XRV Ultra), Group 2 (Beautifil Bulk Restorative) and Group 3 (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative). Groups 4, 5, and 6 were prepared by applying a surface sealant (BisCover LV) on the specimens in groups 1, 2 and 3. Surface hardness of the discs in group 1, 2, and 3 and surface roughness of the discs in all groups were measured using the Vickers hardness test and a profilometer, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences among the groups.

Results: No significant differences were observed in the microhardness and roughness between the experimental and control groups for each restorative materials. Group 3 showed the highest surface hardness and group 4 showed the lowest surface roughness values.

Conclusion: Using the BisCover LV resin after the polishing step has no significant effect on the surface roughness. The highest hardness values were obtained for the Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative after the polishing step. The smoothest surfaces were obtained for all experimental groups using the BisCover LV resin after the polishing step, Herculite XRV Ultra showed lower average roughness values than the other materials.