Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-034-sans
Martina Sansone, Michela Balconi
Effective decisions are key in professional contexts as they significantly determine firms' long-term health and survival. Consequently, holding a clear understanding of the components that define decision effectiveness may be highly beneficial for organizations. However, the multidimensional nature of the construct has led to the lack of theoretical consensus on the defining components of decision effectiveness. The present work sought to identify some of the factors that may intervene in determining decision effectiveness, specifically taking into account factors that are intrinsic in managers’ attitudes and skills. Three relevant factors were identified and discussed, encompassing analytic versus synthetic approach to decision-making, time-management and decision promptness, and active procrastination, and applicability of the investigated dimensions to employees' assessment organizational practices is proposed.
{"title":"Did it work? Effective decisions in the workplace","authors":"Martina Sansone, Michela Balconi","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-034-sans","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-034-sans","url":null,"abstract":"Effective decisions are key in professional contexts as they significantly determine firms' long-term health and survival. Consequently, holding a clear understanding of the components that define decision effectiveness may be highly beneficial for organizations. However, the multidimensional nature of the construct has led to the lack of theoretical consensus on the defining components of decision effectiveness. The present work sought to identify some of the factors that may intervene in determining decision effectiveness, specifically taking into account factors that are intrinsic in managers’ attitudes and skills. Three relevant factors were identified and discussed, encompassing analytic versus synthetic approach to decision-making, time-management and decision promptness, and active procrastination, and applicability of the investigated dimensions to employees' assessment organizational practices is proposed.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-034-trbo
Alicia M. Trbovich, Patrick J. Sparto, Theodore J. Huppert, R.J. Elbin, Alicia M. Kissinger-Knox, Daniel Charek, Michael W. Collins, Anthony P. Kontos
Athletes who continue to play following sport-related concussion (SRC) have worse clinical outcomes compared to those removed from play immediately. This prospective study examined brain activation (i.e., oxygenated hemoglobin concentration [HbO2]), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), in 20 adolescent athletes who either continued to play (PLAYED) or were immediately removed (REMOVED) following SRC. A linear mixed effects model found the PLAYED group demonstrated an increase of [HbO2] in the left hemisphere at the initial visit (pFDR<.001) and the REMOVED group had a reduction in [HbO2] in the right hemisphere at clinical recovery (pFDR=0.024). There was a significant group*timepoint interaction (pFDR<0.011), in which the PLAYED group had greater increase in [HbO2] in the left hemisphere at the initial visit compared with the REMOVED group, but no differences at clinical recovery. Athletes who remain in play following SRC exhibited more pronounced brain hyperactivation, which may be associated with worse clinical recovery outcomes.
{"title":"Changes in brain activation measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy associated with continuing to play following sport-related concussion among adolescent athletes","authors":"Alicia M. Trbovich, Patrick J. Sparto, Theodore J. Huppert, R.J. Elbin, Alicia M. Kissinger-Knox, Daniel Charek, Michael W. Collins, Anthony P. Kontos","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-034-trbo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-034-trbo","url":null,"abstract":"Athletes who continue to play following sport-related concussion (SRC) have worse clinical outcomes compared to those removed from play immediately. This prospective study examined brain activation (i.e., oxygenated hemoglobin concentration [HbO2]), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), in 20 adolescent athletes who either continued to play (PLAYED) or were immediately removed (REMOVED) following SRC. A linear mixed effects model found the PLAYED group demonstrated an increase of [HbO2] in the left hemisphere at the initial visit (pFDR<.001) and the REMOVED group had a reduction in [HbO2] in the right hemisphere at clinical recovery (pFDR=0.024). There was a significant group*timepoint interaction (pFDR<0.011), in which the PLAYED group had greater increase in [HbO2] in the left hemisphere at the initial visit compared with the REMOVED group, but no differences at clinical recovery. Athletes who remain in play following SRC exhibited more pronounced brain hyperactivation, which may be associated with worse clinical recovery outcomes.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-034-shuk
Gargi Shukla
The following research is a review paper to determine what neurobiological changes occur during ecotherapy that impacts our behavior and what are its implications over urbanization. The research utilizes the selection of relevant literature across databases on the basis of their applicability in Indian context and publication date not exceeding beyond 10 years. The analysis of the 11 research articles reviewed reveals that the practice of ecotherapy has the positive impact on the brain by improving cognitive functions, attention span, inducing more relaxation and emotional wellness on a physiological level. Urbanization, on the other hand, has been documented to negatively impact cognitive function, response behavior, attentional tasks and metabolic processes due to excessive exposure to urban determinants. Therefore it can be concluded that eco therapeutic interventions can have positive impact and elicit improvement in psychological and physiological determinants of health and well-being.
{"title":"Review study on neuropsychological impact of ecotherapy on urbanization","authors":"Gargi Shukla","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-034-shuk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-034-shuk","url":null,"abstract":"The following research is a review paper to determine what neurobiological changes occur during ecotherapy that impacts our behavior and what are its implications over urbanization. The research utilizes the selection of relevant literature across databases on the basis of their applicability in Indian context and publication date not exceeding beyond 10 years. The analysis of the 11 research articles reviewed reveals that the practice of ecotherapy has the positive impact on the brain by improving cognitive functions, attention span, inducing more relaxation and emotional wellness on a physiological level. Urbanization, on the other hand, has been documented to negatively impact cognitive function, response behavior, attentional tasks and metabolic processes due to excessive exposure to urban determinants. Therefore it can be concluded that eco therapeutic interventions can have positive impact and elicit improvement in psychological and physiological determinants of health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-acc2
Carlotta Acconito, L. Angioletti, M. Balconi
By combining words and images that impact emotions and generate empathetic storytelling, advertising (ADV) has evolved into a form of communication for promoting consumer awareness, positive social change, and ADV-related decisional processes, even on topics of high-social relevance such as crisis communication. This study explored consumers’ emotional and cognitive responses to crisis-related ADVs using implicit (autonomic) and explicit (self-report) measurements. Nineteen participants watched twelve high-impact social communications about Covid-19, personal health, safety, and prosociality, while autonomic and self-report data were collected. Personal health, safety, and prosociality had higher skin conductance than Covid-19 stimuli, indicating higher arousal and engagement. Personal health reported lower heart rate variability values than Covid-19, suggesting greater emotional reactions for personal health topics, but also lesser mental load for Covid-19 stimuli. Self-report results confirmed autonomic findings. In conclusion, communications about personal health, safety, and prosociality generate higher emotional impact and allow for effective storytelling that facilitates viewer identification, developing a high level of empathy.
{"title":"The social representation and social action effect of critical issues: autonomic system and self-report measures","authors":"Carlotta Acconito, L. Angioletti, M. Balconi","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-acc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-acc2","url":null,"abstract":"By combining words and images that impact emotions and generate empathetic storytelling, advertising (ADV) has evolved into a form of communication for promoting consumer awareness, positive social change, and ADV-related decisional processes, even on topics of high-social relevance such as crisis communication. This study explored consumers’ emotional and cognitive responses to crisis-related ADVs using implicit (autonomic) and explicit (self-report) measurements. Nineteen participants watched twelve high-impact social communications about Covid-19, personal health, safety, and prosociality, while autonomic and self-report data were collected. Personal health, safety, and prosociality had higher skin conductance than Covid-19 stimuli, indicating higher arousal and engagement. Personal health reported lower heart rate variability values than Covid-19, suggesting greater emotional reactions for personal health topics, but also lesser mental load for Covid-19 stimuli. Self-report results confirmed autonomic findings. In conclusion, communications about personal health, safety, and prosociality generate higher emotional impact and allow for effective storytelling that facilitates viewer identification, developing a high level of empathy.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73640947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-balm
M. Balconi
Why is it necessary today to propose a new tool to evaluate decision-making skills? The neuroscientific approach proposed in this paper constitutes a new frontier for grasping the multi-component nature of the decision-maker’s thought and action skills, using an innovative tool, through a modular methodology (5 domains that characterize the decision-making process: style, strategy, efficacy, awareness and metacognition), a multimethodological approach (through tasks, tests and self-report measures, in addition to the neurophysiological level) and a digitized format, thus restoring a 360-degree perspective on the potential of making decisions in real-life contexts. DassDec - Decisional Assessment for Decision-making- sets out to do all of this.
{"title":"Why a dynamic multicomponential model of decision making: some milestones and a preliminary tool","authors":"M. Balconi","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-balm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-balm","url":null,"abstract":"Why is it necessary today to propose a new tool to evaluate decision-making skills? The neuroscientific approach proposed in this paper constitutes a new frontier for grasping the multi-component nature of the decision-maker’s thought and action skills, using an innovative tool, through a modular methodology (5 domains that characterize the decision-making process: style, strategy, efficacy, awareness and metacognition), a multimethodological approach (through tasks, tests and self-report measures, in addition to the neurophysiological level) and a digitized format, thus restoring a 360-degree perspective on the potential of making decisions in real-life contexts. DassDec - Decisional Assessment for Decision-making- sets out to do all of this.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87321779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-intr
M. Balconi
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue: Deciding in uncertainty. Why a dynamic multicomponent model of decision making: some milestones and a preliminary tool","authors":"M. Balconi","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-intr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-intr","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87211514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-angi
L. Angioletti
This theoretical contribution focuses on the neurocognitive disorder of addiction as it is one of the clinical disorders in which a deficit in decision-making has been most frequently explored in the neuroscientific literature. The decision-making deficit in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions, in particular gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder, is here highlighted. There is currently no consensus or shared understanding of how to assess decision-making given its complexity and close connection to executive functions; therefore, without claiming to be exhaustive, three examples of methodologies and studies showcasing potential approaches to assess decision-making process in addictions have been proposed. Determining possible vulnerabilities in decision-making processes can be important for identifying people who are more likely to develop an addiction, as well as for treatment options, or may be less likely to adhere to addiction treatment.
{"title":"Why we need to assess dysfunctional decision-making process in addictions within a comprehensive framework","authors":"L. Angioletti","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-angi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-angi","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical contribution focuses on the neurocognitive disorder of addiction as it is one of the clinical disorders in which a deficit in decision-making has been most frequently explored in the neuroscientific literature. The decision-making deficit in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions, in particular gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder, is here highlighted. There is currently no consensus or shared understanding of how to assess decision-making given its complexity and close connection to executive functions; therefore, without claiming to be exhaustive, three examples of methodologies and studies showcasing potential approaches to assess decision-making process in addictions have been proposed. Determining possible vulnerabilities in decision-making processes can be important for identifying people who are more likely to develop an addiction, as well as for treatment options, or may be less likely to adhere to addiction treatment.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77834692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-rove
Katia Rovelli, Roberta A. Allegretta
Decision-making is described as a cognitive and emotional process that allows an individual to select a certain action from a multitude of choices and possibilities. This process is commonly seen as a complicated interaction of high-level processes. It is engaged in a wide range of executive operations, concerning which it is possible to hypothesize how the decision-making is located in the continuum between hot and cool processes, involving a multifaced brain areas network. Besides the contextual influences in which decisions are taken this proposal highlights and investigates the relationship between decision-making and cognitive – attentional and perceptual – bias. Moreover, this article takes into exam the association between cost-benefit decisions underpinning executive performance and reward responsiveness. All these factors are considered highly relevant in explaining human behaviour.
{"title":"Framing decision-making: the role of executive functions, cognitive bias and reward","authors":"Katia Rovelli, Roberta A. Allegretta","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-rove","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-rove","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-making is described as a cognitive and emotional process that allows an individual to select a certain action from a multitude of choices and possibilities. This process is commonly seen as a complicated interaction of high-level processes. It is engaged in a wide range of executive operations, concerning which it is possible to hypothesize how the decision-making is located in the continuum between hot and cool processes, involving a multifaced brain areas network. Besides the contextual influences in which decisions are taken this proposal highlights and investigates the relationship between decision-making and cognitive – attentional and perceptual – bias. Moreover, this article takes into exam the association between cost-benefit decisions underpinning executive performance and reward responsiveness. All these factors are considered highly relevant in explaining human behaviour.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83552266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-acc1
Carlotta Acconito, Katia Rovelli, L. Angioletti
Decision-making styles refer to the style through which individuals identify and evaluate the information needed to make a decision and how they usually consider the various possible alternatives. While decision-making styles have been explored from several research perspectives, no neuroscientific studies addressed this topic before. Considering the neuroscientific findings on the study of the decision-making process, the purpose of this article is to go beyond the traditional models conceptualizing the styles of decisionmaking and to provide a novel insight and definition of this concept, through the identification of some of the prerogatives most closely associated with the notion of style: these include self-representation, adaptability, and risk-taking. Within this conceptual framework, it is proposed that the style of a decision-maker is strictly linked to the physiological tendency to tolerate and regulate stress, to the ability to self-represent one’s goals and be able to prioritize them, to the adaptability level, and to risk-taking and management traits. To fully understand the construct of decision-making styles, this theoretical contribution also underlines the importance of adopting a conceptual perspective that takes into account behavioural, self-report and neuroscientific measures to profile decision-makers.
{"title":"Neuroscience for a new concept of decision-making style","authors":"Carlotta Acconito, Katia Rovelli, L. Angioletti","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-acc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-acc1","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-making styles refer to the style through which individuals identify and evaluate the information needed to make a decision and how they usually consider the various possible alternatives. While decision-making styles have been explored from several research perspectives, no neuroscientific studies addressed this topic before. Considering the neuroscientific findings on the study of the decision-making process, the purpose of this article is to go beyond the traditional models conceptualizing the styles of decisionmaking and to provide a novel insight and definition of this concept, through the identification of some of the prerogatives most closely associated with the notion of style: these include self-representation, adaptability, and risk-taking. Within this conceptual framework, it is proposed that the style of a decision-maker is strictly linked to the physiological tendency to tolerate and regulate stress, to the ability to self-represent one’s goals and be able to prioritize them, to the adaptability level, and to risk-taking and management traits. To fully understand the construct of decision-making styles, this theoretical contribution also underlines the importance of adopting a conceptual perspective that takes into account behavioural, self-report and neuroscientific measures to profile decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86505494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.7358/neur-2023-033-criv
D. Crivelli
From a psychological and neuroscientific perspectives, decision-making can be defined as a skill, a function and/or a process we pervasively implement in our everyday life. Embracing a definition of decision-making that describes it as a multicomponential, pervasive, and instrumental ability, the Digitalized Assessment Tool for Decision-Making (DAssDec) – a novel digitalized assessment tool – has been devised with the specific purpose to capture the multifaceted nature of decision-making and to sketch an articulated profile of its many dispositional and situational manifestations. We here introduce preliminary outcomes from proof-of concept and feasibility study performed on the first two domains of the DAssDec Tool – Mod1STY and Mod2STR – dedicated to decisional styles and strategies. 35 professionals working in managerial departments of a large service company took part in the study. Findings pointed out the feasibility, usability, and practical value of the investigated sections of the DAssDec tool. Also, first quali-quantitative analyses of participants responses and performance at the tasks included in the tested domains have already highlighted the potential of the tool to detect interindividual differences, thus pairing the opportunity to outline a global profile of a work team with specific individual profiles of decision-making skills and their subjective determinants.
{"title":"Assessing decision-making skills: preliminary proof-of-concept data for DAssDec - Mod1STY and Mod2STR","authors":"D. Crivelli","doi":"10.7358/neur-2023-033-criv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/neur-2023-033-criv","url":null,"abstract":"From a psychological and neuroscientific perspectives, decision-making can be defined as a skill, a function and/or a process we pervasively implement in our everyday life. Embracing a definition of decision-making that describes it as a multicomponential, pervasive, and instrumental ability, the Digitalized Assessment Tool for Decision-Making (DAssDec) – a novel digitalized assessment tool – has been devised with the specific purpose to capture the multifaceted nature of decision-making and to sketch an articulated profile of its many dispositional and situational manifestations. We here introduce preliminary outcomes from proof-of concept and feasibility study performed on the first two domains of the DAssDec Tool – Mod1STY and Mod2STR – dedicated to decisional styles and strategies. 35 professionals working in managerial departments of a large service company took part in the study. Findings pointed out the feasibility, usability, and practical value of the investigated sections of the DAssDec tool. Also, first quali-quantitative analyses of participants responses and performance at the tasks included in the tested domains have already highlighted the potential of the tool to detect interindividual differences, thus pairing the opportunity to outline a global profile of a work team with specific individual profiles of decision-making skills and their subjective determinants.","PeriodicalId":42015,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychological Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90099010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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