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Midrash, Myth, and Bakhtin's Chronotope: The Itinerant Well and the Foundation Stone in Pirqe de-Rabbi Eliezer 米德拉什、神话和巴赫金的年表:流动的井和皮尔克·德·拉比·以利以谢的基石
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369909X12506863090431
R. Adelman
Throughout the midrash Pirqe de-Rabbi Eliezer ( PRE ), motifs are recycled to connect primordial time to the eschaton. In this paper, I read passages on the well “created at twilight of the Sixth Day” in light of Bakhtin's notion of “chronotope” (lit. time-space). The author of PRE disengages the itinerant well from its traditional association with the desert sojourn and links it, instead, to the foundation stone of the world ( even shtiyah ) at the Temple Mount. The midrash reflects the influence of Islamic legends about the “white stone” around which the Dome of the Rock was built (ca. 690 C.E.). Over the course of the discussion, PRE is understood in terms of the genre “narrative midrash” and compared to classical rabbinic literature in order to illustrate changes in both form and content arising from the author's apocalyptic eschatology.
在整个midrash Pirqe de-Rabbi Eliezer (PRE)中,主题被循环使用,将原始时间与末世联系起来。在本文中,我根据巴赫金的“时空”概念,阅读了关于“在第六天的黄昏创造”这口井的段落。《PRE》的作者将流动之井从其与沙漠居住的传统联系中分离出来,而将其与圣殿山的世界基石(甚至是shtiyah)联系起来。米德拉什反映了伊斯兰传说中围绕着“白石”建造圆顶清真寺(约公元690年)的影响。在讨论的过程中,PRE被理解为“叙事米德拉什”的体裁,并与经典的拉比文学相比较,以说明作者的末世论在形式和内容上的变化。
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引用次数: 7
On the Matter of Language: The Creation of the World from Letters and Jacques Lacan's Perception of Letters as Real 论语言的物质:从文字看世界的创造与拉康对文字的真实感知
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728509X448993
Tzahi Weiss
Jewish texts from Late Antiquity, as well as culturally affiliated sources, contain three different traditions about the creation of the world from alphabetic letters. This observation, which contradicts the common assumption that the myth of creation from letters stems from the holiness of the Jewish language, calls for comparative study. A structural approach to the letter as a founding ontological element is corroborated by the ancient Greek word stoicheion (στoιχeιoν), which refers to both physical foundations and alphabetic letters. To analyze this attitude to the letter in the ancient world, I draw on the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan, which addresses the question of the letter in the framework of human discourse. I use Lacan's concepts to describe and illuminate the inherent connection between letters and the very foundations of the world.
来自古代晚期的犹太文献,以及与文化相关的文献,包含了三种不同的传统,关于用字母创造世界。这一观察结果与普遍的假设相矛盾,即从书信中创造的神话源于犹太语言的神圣性,需要进行比较研究。将字母作为基础本体论元素的结构方法得到了古希腊单词stoicheion (στoιχeιoν)的证实,它既指物理基础,也指字母。为了分析古代世界对字母的这种态度,我借鉴了雅克·拉康的精神分析理论,该理论在人类话语的框架中解决了字母的问题。我用拉康的概念来描述和阐明文字和世界的基础之间的内在联系。
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引用次数: 4
Abraham Joshua Heschel's Theology of Judaism and the Rewriting of Jewish Intellectual History 亚伯拉罕·约书亚·赫舍尔的犹太教神学与犹太思想史的改写
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369909X12506863090512
Reuven Kimelman
Abraham Joshua Heschel's oeuvre deals with the continuum of Jewish religious consciousness from the biblical and rabbinic periods through the kabbalistic and Hasidic ones with regard to God's concern for humanity. The goal of this study is to show how such a “Nachmanidean” reading has partially displaced the discontinuous “Maimonidean” reading promoted by Yehezkel Kaufman, Ephraim Urbach, and Gershom Scholem. The result is that Heschel's understanding of the development of Jewish theologizing is more influential now than it was during his lifetime. This study traces the growth of that development and explores how Heschel became the scholar-theologian who most succeeded in bridging the gap between scholarship and constructive theology.
亚伯拉罕·约书亚·赫舍尔的全部作品涉及从圣经和拉比时期到卡巴拉和哈西德派时期关于上帝对人类的关注的犹太宗教意识的连续性。本研究的目的是展示这种“纳赫马尼德式”阅读是如何部分取代了叶兹克尔·考夫曼、以法莲·乌尔巴赫和格肖姆·肖勒姆倡导的不连续的“迈蒙尼德式”阅读的。其结果是,赫歇尔对犹太神学发展的理解现在比他生前更有影响力。本研究追溯了这一发展的成长,并探讨了赫歇尔是如何成为最成功地弥合学术与建构神学之间差距的学者神学家的。
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引用次数: 2
Reclaiming the Prophets: Cohen, Heschel, and Crossing the Theocentric/Neo-Humanist Divide 重拾先知:科恩、赫舍尔和跨越神中心/新人文主义的鸿沟
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369909X12506863090477
Robert Erlewine
In this essay, I examine Hermann Cohen's and Abraham Joshua Heschel's respective accounts of the classical prophets of the Hebrew Bible, which contend with the Protestant biblical criticism of their day. Their accounts of the prophets are of central significance for their philosophies of Judaism, which mirror and oppose each other. This Auseinandersetzung addresses the often neglected topic of Jewish responses to German-Protestant biblical criticism and stresses the cogency of Heschel's thought. Additionally, examining Cohen and Heschel together problematizes the polarization between theocentrism and neo-humanism currently dominating the landscape of modern Jewish thought.
在这篇文章中,我研究了赫尔曼·科恩和亚伯拉罕·约书亚·赫舍尔各自对希伯来圣经中经典先知的描述,他们与当时的新教圣经批评相抗衡。他们对先知的描述对他们的犹太教哲学具有中心意义,这些哲学相互反映,相互对立。这本书探讨了犹太人对德国新教圣经批评的回应这一经常被忽视的话题,并强调了赫歇尔思想的说服力。此外,把科恩和赫歇尔放在一起考察,会让我们发现神权中心主义和新人文主义之间的两极分化问题,这种两极分化目前主导着现代犹太思想的格局。
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引用次数: 1
Refuting the Yetzer: The Evil Inclination and the Limits of Rabbinic Discourse 反驳叶泽尔:拉比话语的邪恶倾向与局限
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369909X12506863090396
Ishay Rosen-Zvi
Rabbinic literature contains several examples of a manner of silencing impious arguments that is usually identified only with later forms of piety, namely, ascribing the arguments to the evil inclination ( yetzerhara ). Arguments attributed to the yetzer represent serious discursive threats against rabbinic doctrine, marking fundamental problems in both its legal and nonlegal (aggadic) parts. Identifying a question or refutation as belonging to the yetzer automatically invalidates it. By ascribing arguments to the yetzer , the rabbis prevent their audience from actually engaging them, thus marking the limits of rabbinic dialogism.
拉比文学包含了几个例子的方式沉默不虔诚的论点,通常只与后来形式的虔诚,即,归因于邪恶的倾向(yetzerhara)的论点。归因于《耶策》的争论代表了对拉比教义的严重话语威胁,标志着其法律和非法律(aggadic)部分的根本问题。识别属于yetzer的问题或反驳会自动使其无效。拉比们把论点归于耶特泽,从而阻止了他们的听众真正参与其中,从而标志着拉比对话的局限性。
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引用次数: 1
The Alpine Limits of Jewish Thought: Leo Strauss, National Socialism, and Judentum ohne Gott 犹太思想的高山界限:列奥·施特劳斯、国家社会主义和犹太主义
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728509X448975
W. Altman
Writing in 1935 as "Hugo Fiala," Karl Lowith not only connected Martin Heidegger and Carl Schmitt to an apparently contentless "decisionism" but drew attention to the fact that his correspondent Leo Strauss (1899–1973) had attacked Schmitt—like Heidegger an open Nazi since 1933— from the Right in 1932. In opposition to the views of Peter Eli Gordon, Heidegger's bellicose stance at the Davos Hochschule of 1929 is presented as "political" in Schmitt's sense of the term while Strauss's embrace of Heidegger, never regretted, showed that he ceased to be Nietzsche's "Good European" in his thirtieth year. A more significant "change of orientation" is revealed in Strauss's 1932 version of the "second cave," a pseudo-Platonic image of Verjudung . Revelation had disrupted a nihilistic "natural ignorance" that could only be reversed by an elite's secret decision for a self-contradictory content: only an atheistic religion provides a post-liberal solution to "the theological-political problem."
1935年,卡尔·洛维斯以“雨果·菲亚拉”的名字写了一篇文章,他不仅把马丁·海德格尔和卡尔·施密特与一种显然不满足的“决定主义”联系在一起,而且让人们注意到这样一个事实:他的通讯记者利奥·施特劳斯(1899-1973)在1932年从右翼开始攻击施密特——像海德格尔一样,自1933年以来就是一个公开的纳粹分子。与彼得·伊莱·戈登(Peter Eli Gordon)的观点相反,海德格尔1929年在达沃斯大学(Davos Hochschule)的好战立场在施密特的意义上被呈现为“政治”,而施特劳斯对海德格尔的拥抱,从未后悔,表明他在30岁时不再是尼采的“好欧洲人”。在施特劳斯1932年的“第二个洞穴”版本中,揭示了一个更重要的“方向变化”,这是一个伪柏拉图式的Verjudung形象。《启示录》打破了虚无主义的“自然无知”,这种“自然无知”只能通过精英们对自相矛盾的内容的秘密决定来逆转:只有无神论宗教才能为“神学-政治问题”提供后自由主义的解决方案。
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引用次数: 5
Kabbalah in a Literary Key: Mystical Motifs in Zechariah Aldāhirī's Sefer hamusar 文学钥匙中的卡巴拉:撒迦利亚Aldāhirī的Sefer hamusar的神秘主题
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728509X448984
A. Tanenbaum
Zechariah Aldāhirī's maqāma collection, Sefer hamusar (Yemen, c. 1580), is a literary work modeled on the Arabic Maqāmāt of al-Harīrī and the Hebrew Tahkemoni of Alharizi. Although largely fictional in nature, the work offers intriguing evidence of the transmission of kabbalistic thought to Yemen in the sixteenth century. This paper argues that Aldāhirī exploited the text's lighthearted belletristic framework to bring kabbalistic theosophy, literature, and liturgical customs to the attention of a largely uninitiated public in Yemen. But Aldāhirī also conveys an ambivalence towards his project when he parodies the new taste for kabbalistic learning by embedding mystical ideas in complex narratives.
撒迦利亚Aldāhirī的maqāma合集《Sefer hamusar》(也门,约1580年)是一部仿照阿拉伯文《al- harurr》Maqāmāt和希伯来文《Alharizi》Tahkemoni的文学作品。虽然在很大程度上是虚构的,但这部作品提供了16世纪卡巴拉思想传入也门的有趣证据。本文认为Aldāhirī利用了文本轻松愉快的文学框架,将卡巴拉的神智,文学和礼仪习俗带到也门大部分未受启蒙的公众的注意。但是Aldāhirī也表达了对他的项目的矛盾心理,当他通过在复杂的叙事中嵌入神秘的想法来模仿卡巴拉学习的新口味时。
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引用次数: 0
Honoring the Divine as Virtue and Practice in Maimonides 迈蒙尼德对神圣的美德和实践的尊崇
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369908786611523
Don Seeman
Honoring the divine is central to Maimonides' ethical and religious phenomenology. It connotes the recognition of radical divine incommensurability and points to the hard limits of human ability to know God. Yet it also signals the importance of philosophical speculation within those limits, indicating the intellectual and ethical telos of human life. For Maimonides, to honor or show kavod to God is closely related to the meaning of the divine glory (also known as kavod) that Moses demands to see in Exodus 33. Moses' demand to see the kavod is usually interpreted as a quest for some visible sign of God's presence or, at least, for a created light whose existence could testify to the authenticity of Moses' prophecy. Maimonides is alone among early interpreters in treating Exodus 33 as a parable of the philosophical quest to apprehend divine uniqueness, which leads first to negative theology and then to imitatio Dei. This article argues that the theme of divine kavod links Maimonides' philosophical, literary, and even medical concerns with his practical religious teaching, and connects the Guide of the Perplexed with his other legal and interpretive works. Maimonides' consistent fascination with Exodus 33 helps to organize his reflections on human perfection, ethics, and the relationship between idolatry and everyday religious language, distinguishing him from dominant trends in both Judaeo-Arabic and later kabbalistic thought.
尊敬神是迈蒙尼德伦理和宗教现象学的核心。它暗示了对根本的神圣不可通约性的承认,并指出了人类认识上帝的能力的硬性限制。然而,它也表明了在这些限制范围内哲学思考的重要性,表明了人类生活的智力和伦理目的。对于迈蒙尼德来说,尊敬或向上帝展示kavod与摩西在出埃及记33章中要求看到的神圣荣耀(也被称为kavod)的含义密切相关。摩西要求看到卡沃德通常被解释为寻求一些可见的上帝存在的迹象,或者至少,为一个创造的光,其存在可以证明摩西的预言的真实性。迈蒙尼德是唯一一个将《出埃及记》第33章作为哲学探索的寓言,来理解神的独特性,这首先导致了消极神学,然后是对神的模仿。本文认为,神圣的kavod主题将迈蒙尼德的哲学,文学,甚至医学关注与他的实际宗教教学联系起来,并将《困惑指南》与他的其他法律和解释作品联系起来。迈蒙尼德对《出埃及记》第33章的一贯迷恋有助于组织他对人类完美、伦理、偶像崇拜和日常宗教语言之间关系的思考,使他与犹太-阿拉伯语和后来的卡巴拉思想的主导趋势区别开来。
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引用次数: 4
The Contemporary Relevance of Maimonides (1935) 迈蒙尼德的当代意义(1935)
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369908785822142
E. Lévinas
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引用次数: 15
Levinas and Maimonides: From Metaphysics to Ethical Negative Theology 列维纳斯与迈蒙尼德:从形而上学到伦理否定神学
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/105369908785822133
M. Fagenblat
After an initially sympathetic reading of Maimonides, Levinas develops an ambivalent attitude toward the Great Eagle, whom he views as a champion of intellectualist Judaism. Nevertheless, insights from the early engagement with Maimonides are carried forth into the central claims of Totality and Infinity regarding freedom, creation, particularity and transcendence. Levinas' arguments are directed at Heidegger but can also be seen as a phenomenological repetition of the medieval dispute about the eternity of the world. Later, Levinas continues this engagement with Maimonides by transforming the latter's negative theology into what I call ethical negative theology.
在最初对迈蒙尼德的同情阅读之后,列维纳斯对大鹰产生了矛盾的态度,他认为大鹰是知识主义犹太教的捍卫者。尽管如此,从早期与迈蒙尼德的接触中获得的洞见被带入了关于自由,创造,特殊性和超越性的总体性和无限性的中心主张。列维纳斯的论点是针对海德格尔的,但也可以被看作是现象学上对中世纪关于世界永恒的争论的重复。后来,列维纳斯继续与迈蒙尼德交往,将后者的消极神学转变为我所说的伦理消极神学。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY
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