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Die Frage „Was ist?“ bei Hermann Cohen und Franz Rosenzweig 问题是什么柯曼柯汉和弗朗兹魏格主演
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341242
Luca Bertolino
Abstract The philosophical question “what is?” (τί ἐστι;) plays different roles in the work of Cohen and Rosenzweig. According to Cohen, it expresses the authentic meaning of the Socratic concept, which has its methodical-transcendental foundation in the Platonic Idea as answer, since it gives an account of the concept. So Cohen turns the question into an epistemological problem, because it ultimately refers to the necessary condition of knowledge. In contrast, Rosenzweig sees in the “what is?” question grounds to condemn the “old” philosophy founded on the identity of being and thought. In his view, the question is the original sin of the “philosophy of the All,” which has always reduced everything to something completely different by means of the altering word “is” in the “is”-question. Nevertheless, with regard to the “what is?” question, it is possible to detect a kind of agreement between the two philosophers: namely, Rosenzweig opposes a claim of ontological reduction that Cohen also rejects.
哲学问题“是什么?”τί στι在科恩和罗森茨威格的工作中扮演不同的角色。根据科恩的说法,它表达了苏格拉底概念的真正意义,因为它给出了概念的描述,因此在柏拉图理念中有其方法先验的基础作为答案。所以科恩把这个问题变成了认识论问题,因为它最终涉及到知识的必要条件。相反,罗森茨威格在“什么是?”的问题,有理由谴责建立在存在与思想同一性上的“旧”哲学。在他看来,问题是“万有哲学”的原罪,“万有哲学”总是通过在“是”问题中改变“是”这个词,把一切事物简化为完全不同的东西。然而,关于“什么是?”的问题,我们就有可能发现两位哲学家之间的某种共识:也就是说,罗森茨威格反对科恩也拒绝的本体论还原的主张。
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引用次数: 0
Verification (Bewährung) in Martin Buber Martin Buber的验证(Bewährung)
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728512X629826
M. Kavka
Abstract The work of Martin Buber oscillates between talk in which transcendence is experienced and talk in which transcendence is merely postulated. In order to show and mend this incoherence in Buber’s thought, this essay attends to the rhetoric of verification (Bewahrung), primarily but not solely in I and Thou (1923), both in order to show how it is a symptom of this incoherence, and also to show a broad pragmatic strain in Buber’s thought. Given this pragmatic strain, the essay argues that a weak notion of Buberian verification, in which taking a dialogic stance with reference to others evinces the right to talk of the real possibility of transcendence (a You-world, or God as the “eternal You”), is all that is necessary to combat despair. Strong notions of encounter are unnecessary, and also sink Buber in a morass of theodicy, in which he interprets historical misfortune and destruction as evidence of history’s meaning.
马丁·布伯的作品在体验超越性的谈话和仅仅假设超越性的谈话之间摇摆。为了显示和修正布伯思想中的这种不连贯,本文关注验证修辞(Bewahrung),主要但不限于《我与你》(1923),这既是为了显示它是这种不连贯的症状,也是为了显示布伯思想中广泛的语用压力。考虑到这种实用主义的张力,本文认为,一种微弱的Buberian验证的概念,即采取与他人相关的对话立场,证明了谈论超越的真实可能性(一个你-世界,或作为“永恒的你”的上帝)的权利,是对抗绝望所必需的。强烈的相遇概念是不必要的,这也使布伯陷入神正论的泥潭,他将历史的不幸和毁灭解释为历史意义的证据。
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引用次数: 3
The Heteronomy of Modern Jewish Philosophy 现代犹太哲学的他律法
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728512X629835
M. Zank
Abstract Proceeding from Jewish philosophy’s origins in the convergence and divergence of Greek and Jewish thought and the resulting possibilities of construing Judaism and philosophy as heterogeneous or homogeneous, and ranging across the three major “ages” or linguistic matrices of Jewish philosophizing (Hellenistic, Judeo-Arabic, and Germanic), the essay describes Jewish philosophy as an unresolvable entanglement in a dialectic of heteronomy and autonomy.
本文从犹太哲学的起源——希腊和犹太思想的融合和分歧,以及由此产生的将犹太教和哲学解释为异质或同质的可能性出发,并跨越犹太哲学的三个主要“时代”或语言矩阵(希腊化、犹太-阿拉伯语和日耳曼语),将犹太哲学描述为一种在他律和自治的辩证法中无法解决的纠缠。
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引用次数: 1
Hermann Cohen on the Concept of History: An Invention of Prophetism? 赫尔曼·科恩论历史概念:预言的发明?
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728512X629817
M. Bienenstock
Abstract At the beginning of his best seller Meaning in History, Karl Lowith launches a violent attack against Jewish prophetism, using the philosophy of history of Hermann Cohen as his first and foremost example. This article purports to show that Lowith misinterpreted the thought of Hermann Cohen. It also reclaims Cohen’s own position on history and on the philosophy of history by identifying the questions Cohen himself had asked in his time. At the end of the article, some paths of research are indicated that might prove themselves fruitful today, in a further study of Cohen’s thought.
在他的畅销书《历史的意义》的开头,卡尔·洛维斯以赫尔曼·科恩的历史哲学作为他的第一个也是最重要的例子,猛烈抨击了犹太人的预言。本文旨在表明洛维斯误解了赫尔曼·科恩的思想。它还通过识别科恩本人在他的时代提出的问题,重新确立了科恩自己对历史和历史哲学的立场。在文章的最后,指出了一些研究路径,在今天进一步研究科恩的思想时可能会证明自己是富有成效的。
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引用次数: 2
Maimonides and the Visual Image after Kant and Cohen 康德和科恩之后的迈蒙尼德和视觉形象
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341240
Zachary J. Braiterman
Abstract In this paper, I attempt to consider Jewish philosophy in opposition to the anti-ocularcentrism that defined the German Jewish philosophical tradition after Kant, namely the idea that Judaism—or at least its philosophical expression in Maimonidean philosophy—is aniconic and cognitively abstract. I do so by attempting to rethink the epistemic-veridical place of the imagination and visual experience in the Guide of the Perplexed. Once the imagination has been disciplined by reason, is there any cognitive status to an image or sound that the eye or the ear perceives, and to that mental faculty that combines and recombines such impressions? Is the sight or sound of revelation a hallucination or just a mere figure of speech? Does it bear any relation to a spiritual reality external to the human mind and finite physical existence? To address these questions I explore the visual images, both iconic and aniconic-abstract, that distinguish the Guide. There is no getting past the visual imagination, although I am not sure Maimonides would have recognized it as such. Even when he leaves behind figurative visual cues such as the false image-work of the undisciplined imagination or the appearance of angels and images of God found in lower grades of prophecy, he turns to another visual register, namely the “abstract art” of pure, dazzling light. In regard to these questions, Maimonides was more Greek than German, ascribing, cautiously, penultimate cognitive status to the visual imagination.
在本文中,我试图将犹太哲学与康德之后定义德国犹太哲学传统的反视觉中心主义对立起来,即认为犹太教——或者至少是其在迈蒙尼德哲学中的哲学表达——是非偶像化的和认知抽象的。为此,我试图重新思考《迷惘指南》中想象力和视觉体验的认识论-实证地位。一旦想象力受到理性的约束,眼睛或耳朵感知到的图像或声音,以及将这些印象组合和重新组合的精神能力,是否还有任何认知地位?启示的景象或声音是幻觉还是仅仅是一种修辞手法?它与人类心灵和有限的物质存在之外的精神现实有任何关系吗?为了解决这些问题,我探索了视觉图像,既有标志性的,也有非标志性的抽象图像,这些图像使《指南》与众不同。这是无法超越视觉想象的,尽管我不确定迈蒙尼德是否会意识到这一点。即使他留下了具象的视觉线索,如无纪律的想象的虚假形象作品或天使的出现和上帝的形象,在较低等级的预言中发现,他转向另一种视觉记录,即纯粹的“抽象艺术”,耀眼的光。关于这些问题,迈蒙尼德更像希腊人,而不是德国人,他谨慎地将视觉想象归为倒数第二的认知地位。
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引用次数: 1
Who Thinks in the Talmud 《塔木德》里是谁在思考
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728512X629790
Sergey Dolgopolski
Abstract This article traces a historical shift, and in particular its erasure from memory on the intellectual map of the West, in concepts of subjectivity across practices of rabbinic thinking in late antiquity, medieval interpretations of the Talmud, and modern talmudic scholarship. I first introduce a comparative perspective that relies on a mutual hermeneutics of philosophical and talmudic traditions. I consequently engage with Alain de Libera’s archaeological analysis of the birth of the thinking subject in medieval philosophy and theology. In this light, I analyze the role of the notion of the thinking subject in construing the Talmud from Maimonides to contemporary Talmud criticism. Finally, I explore the implications of de Libera’s program of a philosophical archaeology of the thinking subject for mapping the complex relationship of mutual presupposition and exclusion between philosophical, rhetorical, and talmudic traditions of thinking in antiquity, as manifested in the larger scope of these traditions.
本文追溯了一个历史转变,特别是它从西方知识地图上的记忆中抹去,在古代晚期拉比思想实践中的主体性概念,中世纪对塔木德的解释,以及现代塔木德学术。我首先介绍了一种比较的观点,它依赖于哲学和塔木德传统的相互解释学。因此,我参与阿兰·德·利伯拉对中世纪哲学和神学中思维主体诞生的考古分析。有鉴于此,我分析了从迈蒙尼德到当代塔木德批判,思想主体的概念在塔木德的建构中所扮演的角色。最后,我探索了德·利伯拉的哲学考古学的思想主题的意义,它描绘了古代哲学、修辞和犹太法典传统思想之间相互预设和排斥的复杂关系,这些传统体现在这些传统的更大范围内。
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引用次数: 0
Liberating Imagination and Other Ends of Medieval Jewish Philosophy 解放想象与中世纪犹太哲学的其他目的
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728512X629808
K. Bland
Abstract In its treatment of imagination as understood by medieval Jewish philosophers, modern scholarship has tended to neglect the intersection of animal fables and political thought. This paper examines several Aesopian themes in Greek philosophy and medieval Jewish philosophic literature, especially the tales composed by Berakhiah ha-Naqdan, in order to highlight the attention lavished by these premoderns on the faculty of imagination. It is argued that, according to the philosophers, human perfection requires the cultivation of both intellect and imagination. It is also shown that Pierre Hadot’s notion of “spiritual exercises” as constituting philosophy is fruitfully applicable to the genre of fable.
现代学者在研究中世纪犹太哲学家所理解的想象时,往往忽视了动物寓言与政治思想的交集。本文考察了希腊哲学和中世纪犹太哲学文学中的几个伊索寓言主题,特别是贝拉希亚·哈·纳克丹创作的故事,以突出这些前现代人对想象力的关注。有人认为,根据哲学家的观点,人类的完美需要智力和想象力的培养。皮埃尔·哈多的“精神练习”作为构成哲学的概念在寓言体裁中是有效适用的。
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引用次数: 0
Being and the Good: Maimonides on Ontological Beauty 存在与善:迈蒙尼德论本体论美
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728511X591207
D. Lobel
Maimonides expresses the view that being is goodness; evil is a deprivation of being and goodness. This view is prominent in Neoplatonism but has strong roots in Aristotle as well. While Maimonides problematizes moral language of good and evil, he makes use of an ontological sense of Necessary Existence as the absolute good. Plotinus wrote that beings are the beautiful. Avicenna adds that the pure good is Necessary Existence, which is free of deficiency, as it has no possibility of lacking existence. This notion has a strong Aristotelian core. Despite his strictures on language about the divine, Maimonides allows himself to express this vision—an affective-aesthetic appreciation as well as a purely cognitive one. Being is the absolute good, the source of ontological beauty and value.
迈蒙尼德表达了存在就是善的观点;邪恶是对存在和善良的剥夺。这种观点在新柏拉图主义中很突出,但在亚里士多德中也有很强的根基。当迈蒙尼德质疑善与恶的道德语言时,他利用了必然存在作为绝对善的本体论意义。普罗提诺写道,生命是美丽的。阿维森纳补充说,纯粹的善是必然的存在,它没有缺陷,因为它不可能缺乏存在。这个概念有很强的亚里士多德内核。尽管迈蒙尼德对关于神的语言有所限制,但他允许自己表达这种视觉——一种情感的审美欣赏,以及一种纯粹的认知欣赏。存在是绝对的善,是本体论美和本体论价值的源泉。
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引用次数: 1
Touching God: Vertigo, Exactitude, and Degrees of Devekut in the Contemporary Nondual Jewish Mysticism of R. Yitzhaq Maier Morgenstern 触摸上帝:眩晕、精确和发展程度在当代非二元犹太神秘主义R. Yitzhaq Maier Morgenstern
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728511X606183
Aubrey L. Glazer
Abstract Whether extrovertive, introvertive, or some further hybrid, the process of the soul touching the fullness of its divine origins is itself undergoing transformation in the twenty-first-century cultural matrices of Israel. A remarkable exemplar of devotional Hebrew cultures can be found within the hybrid networks of haredi worlds in Israel today. R. Yitzhaq Maier Morgenstern, author of Yam ha-okhmah, Netiv ayyim, and De’i okhmah le-nafshekha, is arguably the most innovative mystical voice in Israel. Why are his works resonating so strongly both inside and outside their haredi communities of origin? How is his innovative thinking affecting the devotional praxis of devekut both inside and outside the unfolding Hasidic networks? This exploration of mystical apperception through devekut builds upon studies of Garb, Huss, and Meir, while challenging the idea that Morgenstern’s expanding impact is solely a function of his mystical-magical charisma and hypernomian spiritual practice. This study argues that it is Morgenstern’s hybridized thinking through key theoretical issues in Kabbalah and Hasidism as they apply to the lived practice of a devotional life of devekut that will likely remain his strongest innovation and contribution to contemporary Jewish mysticism.
无论是外向的,内向的,还是进一步的混合,灵魂接触其神圣起源的过程本身正在经历21世纪以色列文化矩阵的转变。虔诚的希伯来文化的一个显著范例可以在今天以色列的正统派世界的混合网络中找到。R. Yitzhaq Maier Morgenstern,《Yam ha-okhmah》、《Netivayyim》和《De 'iokhmah le-nafshekha》的作者,可以说是以色列最具创新性的神秘主义声音。为什么他的作品在他们的正统派社区内外都能引起如此强烈的共鸣?他的创新思想是如何影响哈西德派网络内外的虔诚实践的?通过发展对神秘统觉的探索建立在对Garb、Huss和Meir的研究基础上,同时挑战了摩根斯坦的影响力扩大仅仅是他的神秘魔法魅力和超然精神实践的作用。本研究认为,正是摩根斯坦通过卡巴拉和哈西德主义的关键理论问题进行的混合思考,将其应用于发展的虔诚生活的生活实践,这可能是他对当代犹太神秘主义最强大的创新和贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Zerahia Halevi Saladin and Thomas Aquinas on Vows 萨拉丁和托马斯·阿奎那论誓言
IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/147728511X591180
Ari Ackerman
This article examines two medieval sermons that examine philosophic and halakhic issues: the Passover sermon of Hasdai Crescas, which discusses the laws of Passover, and a sermon of Zerahia Halevi Saladin, a disciple of Crescas, which probes an aspect of the laws of vows (nedarim). In the analysis of Zerahia’s sermon, a comparison is made between his discussion and Thomas Aquinas’s examination of vows in his Summa Theologica. The comparison establishes the dependency of Zerahia on Aquinas regarding this issue. Likewise, Zerahia’s sermon is compared with Crescas’s, and the relationship between the legal theories of Crescas and Zerahia is investigated. The articles concludes with a brief examination of the significance of the analysis these sermons for understanding of the impact of scholastic sources on Spanish-Jewish philosophy and the relationship between law and philosophy in the writings of Hasdai Crescas and his students.
本文考察了两个中世纪的布道,它们考察了哲学和伊斯兰教的问题:哈斯代·克雷斯卡斯的逾越节布道,讨论了逾越节的律法,以及克雷斯卡斯的门徒塞拉亚·哈勒维·萨拉丁的布道,探讨了誓言律法的一个方面(nedarim)。在对泽拉希亚讲道的分析中,将他的讨论与托马斯·阿奎那在《神学大全》中对誓言的考察进行了比较。这一比较确立了泽拉希亚在这个问题上对阿奎那的依赖。同样,将泽拉希亚的布道与克雷斯卡斯的布道进行比较,考察克雷斯卡斯与泽拉希亚的法律理论之间的关系。文章最后简要考察了分析这些布道的意义,以理解学术来源对西班牙犹太哲学的影响,以及哈斯代·克雷斯卡斯及其学生著作中法律与哲学之间的关系。
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引用次数: 2
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JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY
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