Pub Date : 2016-10-28DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-02401003
J. Aanen
This article provides the first overview of research on the kabbalistic sources of Benedictus de Spinoza (1632–1677). While this topic has not been a major focus in Spinoza research, this article argues that it has both biographical and philosophical relevance for the investigation of Spinoza and the context in which he first conceived of his hallmark ideas. Revisiting the extant historical sources, this article refines the present understanding of the connection between Spinoza and the seventeenth-century kabbalistic circle of Amsterdam and the kabbalistic literature of that time.
{"title":"The Kabbalistic Sources of Spinoza","authors":"J. Aanen","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-02401003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-02401003","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides the first overview of research on the kabbalistic sources of Benedictus de Spinoza (1632–1677). While this topic has not been a major focus in Spinoza research, this article argues that it has both biographical and philosophical relevance for the investigation of Spinoza and the context in which he first conceived of his hallmark ideas. Revisiting the extant historical sources, this article refines the present understanding of the connection between Spinoza and the seventeenth-century kabbalistic circle of Amsterdam and the kabbalistic literature of that time.","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"15 1","pages":"279-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89803268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-28DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-02401001
Marzena Zawanowska
The paper demonstrates that when translating explicit anthropomorphisms in Scripture, medieval Karaites are neither particularly more nor less literal than their rabbinic counterparts. Indeed, they often propose translations similar to those of Targum Onqelos and Saʿadyah Gaon. Moreover, although their lines of argument are different, both Saʿadyah and the Karaites insist that human language is responsible for corporeal descriptions of God in the Bible, and they resort to the linguistic conventions of figurative language and extension of meaning ( majāz, ʾittisāʿ ) to justify these theologically disturbing expressions. The Karaites’ contribution consists of advancing and refining these linguistic justifications by introducing, for example, the concept of polysemy (or homonymy) to account for certain kinds of problematic formulations. In addition, they are probably the first commentators in the history of Jewish Bible exegesis to cite the rabbinic dictum, “the Torah speaks in the language of man” to explain the presence of anthropomorphisms in Scripture.
本文表明，当翻译圣经中明确的拟人论时，中世纪的卡拉派并不比他们的拉比同行更字面化或更字面化。事实上，他们经常提出类似于Targum Onqelos和Sa ā adyah Gaon的翻译。此外，尽管他们的争论线是不同的，但萨伊亚派和卡拉派都坚持认为，人类的语言是圣经中对上帝的有形描述的责任，他们诉诸于比喻语言和意义延伸的语言惯例(majāz, al - ittisal - yi)来证明这些神学上令人不安的表达。卡拉派的贡献包括通过引入多义(或同音同义)的概念来解释某些有问题的表述，从而推进和完善这些语言学论证。此外，他们可能是犹太圣经训诂史上第一批引用拉比格言“摩西五经用人类的语言说话”来解释圣经中拟人论的注释者。
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Pub Date : 2016-10-28DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-02401002
O. Porat
This article discusses the anonymous early kabbalistic work Sefer Maʿayan ha-Ḥokhmah (The Book of the Fountain of Wisdom), one of the pivotal works of ʿIyyun literature. The first part deals with the book’s historical and literary aspects. The second part interprets a specific formulation in light of the basic ideas of the book itself, presenting the twofold pattern as a mystical type and as a grounding for linguistic-theological theory. The third part discusses the term “positive theology” in the theosophical and religious dimension, from the phenomenological perspective of extrovertive mysticism, and as a linguistic structure that provides the layer of signs as a stable basis for the restrained progress of Tongue. Acquiring the source as hidden but attendant by its constant grounding as a part of linguistic progression, uses the bifocal sight of binary extrovertive mysticism to denote the twofold structure of each being and each part of speech.
本文讨论了匿名早期卡巴拉文学作品《智慧之泉》-Ḥokhmah (the Book of the Fountain of Wisdom)，这是伊云文学的关键作品之一。第一部分论述此书的历史和文学方面。第二部分根据《圣经》本身的基本思想解释了一个具体的提法，提出了作为神秘类型和作为语言神学理论基础的双重模式。第三部分从外向神秘主义现象学的角度，从神智学和宗教的维度讨论“积极神学”一词，并将其作为一种语言结构，为语言的克制进步提供符号层作为稳定的基础。获得作为隐藏的来源，但伴随其不断扎根作为语言发展的一部分，使用二元外向神秘主义的双焦点视野来表示每个存在和每个言语部分的双重结构。
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Pub Date : 2016-02-24DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341271
J. Turner
This paper examines the tension between philosophy and praxis in the thought of Aaron David Gordon. Highlighting the methodical character of Gordon’s philosophical understanding of human existence in terms of “man-in-nature,” I attempt to show that while his philosophy was initially meant to influence the construction of society and culture in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the twentieth century, it is particularly relevant with regard to contemporary philosophical questions concerning Jewish and human existence in every area in which the concept of humanity plays a central role, such as education, conservation, social justice, and international relations.
{"title":"Philosophy and Praxis in the Thought of Aaron David Gordon","authors":"J. Turner","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341271","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the tension between philosophy and praxis in the thought of Aaron David Gordon. Highlighting the methodical character of Gordon’s philosophical understanding of human existence in terms of “man-in-nature,” I attempt to show that while his philosophy was initially meant to influence the construction of society and culture in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the twentieth century, it is particularly relevant with regard to contemporary philosophical questions concerning Jewish and human existence in every area in which the concept of humanity plays a central role, such as education, conservation, social justice, and international relations.","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"18 1","pages":"122-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89259470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-24DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341272
R. L. Weiss
{"title":"Leo Strauss on Maimonides","authors":"R. L. Weiss","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"43 1","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73045922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-24DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341267
Oded Yisraeli
Naḥmanides’ commentary on the Torah, in which he combined literal, midrashic, and kabbalistic comments side by side, is one of the best known and most influential exegetical works of the Middle Ages. This article concentrates on the esoteric exegesis in this commentary and argues that Naḥmanides’ kabbalistic interpretation employs two types of exegesis—perush and remez—each of which represents a separate hermeneutic approach and thus a different reading of the biblical text. Focusing on the innovative and less familiar remez approach, the article describes its essence, characteristics, and the historical context of its emergence.
{"title":"The Kabbalistic remez and Its Status in Naḥmanides’ Commentary on the Torah","authors":"Oded Yisraeli","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341267","url":null,"abstract":"Naḥmanides’ commentary on the Torah, in which he combined literal, midrashic, and kabbalistic comments side by side, is one of the best known and most influential exegetical works of the Middle Ages. This article concentrates on the esoteric exegesis in this commentary and argues that Naḥmanides’ kabbalistic interpretation employs two types of exegesis—perush and remez—each of which represents a separate hermeneutic approach and thus a different reading of the biblical text. Focusing on the innovative and less familiar remez approach, the article describes its essence, characteristics, and the historical context of its emergence.","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79506662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-24DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341270
Yuval Jobani
Contemporary study of Jewish secularism in the Modern era has yielded a nuanced picture of Hebrew secularism. This article analyzes the emergence of a rich and diverse cultural infrastructure of Hebrew secularism in the first half of the twentieth century from a philosophical perspective, proposing a typology of models of Hebrew secularism. These models are characterized by their attitudes to what, following Charles Taylor, can be referred to as the “fragmentary character” of religious existence in the secular age. The conclusion reflects on the limitations of the proposed typology and identifies further avenues for the philosophical study of Hebrew secularism.
{"title":"The Lure of Heresy: A Philosophical Typology of Hebrew Secularism in the First Half of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Yuval Jobani","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341270","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary study of Jewish secularism in the Modern era has yielded a nuanced picture of Hebrew secularism. This article analyzes the emergence of a rich and diverse cultural infrastructure of Hebrew secularism in the first half of the twentieth century from a philosophical perspective, proposing a typology of models of Hebrew secularism. These models are characterized by their attitudes to what, following Charles Taylor, can be referred to as the “fragmentary character” of religious existence in the secular age. The conclusion reflects on the limitations of the proposed typology and identifies further avenues for the philosophical study of Hebrew secularism.","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"23 1","pages":"95-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86804051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-24DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341269
Jonatan Meir
One of the more astounding books produced by Bratslav Hasidism is Liqquṭei tefilot (1822–1827), composed by R. Nathan Sternhartz of Nemirov, which established a whole new genre in Bratslav literature. This article discusses the book’s genesis, publication, and primary goals, as well as the controversy it generated. The new Bratslav theology that emerged after the death of Rabbi Naḥman led to disputes, both internal and external, over the role and character of R. Nathan. Examining this particularly obscure chapter in the early history of Bratslav Hasidism sheds light on the movement as it exists today in all its diversity, both ideological and social.
{"title":"R. Nathan Sternhartz’s Liqquṭei tefilot and the Formation of Bratslav Hasidism","authors":"Jonatan Meir","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341269","url":null,"abstract":"One of the more astounding books produced by Bratslav Hasidism is Liqquṭei tefilot (1822–1827), composed by R. Nathan Sternhartz of Nemirov, which established a whole new genre in Bratslav literature. This article discusses the book’s genesis, publication, and primary goals, as well as the controversy it generated. The new Bratslav theology that emerged after the death of Rabbi Naḥman led to disputes, both internal and external, over the role and character of R. Nathan. Examining this particularly obscure chapter in the early history of Bratslav Hasidism sheds light on the movement as it exists today in all its diversity, both ideological and social.","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"64 1","pages":"60-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82358678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-24DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341268
Eliezer Papo
Eschatological expectations and messianic hopes aroused by the expulsion of Jews from Spain climaxed in the seventeenth century with the appearance of Sabbatai Tzevi. In 1666, Sultan Mehmed IV, eager to halt the uproar without creating a martyr, offered Tzevi a choice between conversion to Islam and death. Tzevi chose life. Although many Jews were devastated by his apostasy, a nucleus of Sabbatai’s most ardent followers preferred to interpret it as the ultimate tiqqun. This article presents one of the most intriguing Sabbatian literary accounts of their Messiah’s apostasy, the internal Sabbatian version of the romansa “Tarquin and Lucretia.”
{"title":"From Lucretia to Don Kr[e]ensia, or, Sorry, I Just Had to Convert: The Karakaş Sabbatian Oikotype of a Medieval Romance","authors":"Eliezer Papo","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341268","url":null,"abstract":"Eschatological expectations and messianic hopes aroused by the expulsion of Jews from Spain climaxed in the seventeenth century with the appearance of Sabbatai Tzevi. In 1666, Sultan Mehmed IV, eager to halt the uproar without creating a martyr, offered Tzevi a choice between conversion to Islam and death. Tzevi chose life. Although many Jews were devastated by his apostasy, a nucleus of Sabbatai’s most ardent followers preferred to interpret it as the ultimate tiqqun. This article presents one of the most intriguing Sabbatian literary accounts of their Messiah’s apostasy, the internal Sabbatian version of the romansa “Tarquin and Lucretia.”","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"94 1","pages":"31-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75935410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341264
S. Klein-Braslavy
The role of choice in Gersonides’ theory of miracles, as presented in the Wars of the Lord, is discussed. The theory of miracles in Wars vi.2.10 is shown to be another link in his reconciliation of determinism with choice. After a brief review of his ideas about choice, his astral determinism is elucidated. The third part of the essay reviews his treatment of how miracles occur. Gersonides is shown to have established a “conditional miraculous determinism”; his concern for choice is the key to this solution.
{"title":"Gersonides’ Theory of Miracles","authors":"S. Klein-Braslavy","doi":"10.1163/1477285X-12341264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1477285X-12341264","url":null,"abstract":"The role of choice in Gersonides’ theory of miracles, as presented in the Wars of the Lord, is discussed. The theory of miracles in Wars vi.2.10 is shown to be another link in his reconciliation of determinism with choice. After a brief review of his ideas about choice, his astral determinism is elucidated. The third part of the essay reviews his treatment of how miracles occur. Gersonides is shown to have established a “conditional miraculous determinism”; his concern for choice is the key to this solution.","PeriodicalId":42022,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF JEWISH THOUGHT & PHILOSOPHY","volume":"72 1","pages":"196-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85762397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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