Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2015.1255089
M. Huang
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT In this article, Huang stresses the important role played by the Chinese cultural context in the historical process of translation of Western concepts. Huang exemplifies this point through an analysis of Yan Fu’s translation of “individualism.”
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Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2015.1255088
M. Huang
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT In this article, Huang provides a historical account of the way intellectuals have conceptualized democracy, representative assemblies, and political parties from the end of the Qing dynasty to the beginning of the Republican period. He outlines thirteen items that characterize Chinese democratic thought during this period, before tracing the historical origins of each.
{"title":"The Late Qing and Early Republican Conception of Democracy and its Origins","authors":"M. Huang","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2015.1255088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2015.1255088","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT In this article, Huang provides a historical account of the way intellectuals have conceptualized democracy, representative assemblies, and political parties from the end of the Qing dynasty to the beginning of the Republican period. He outlines thirteen items that characterize Chinese democratic thought during this period, before tracing the historical origins of each.","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"30 1","pages":"166 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2015.1255088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2015.1255087
M. Huang
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT In this article, Huang discusses the process whereby the concept of democracy was translated into the Chinese context during the transitional period of modern China (1895–1925). He asserts that while democracy was rooted in a pessimistic conception of human nature and epistemology in the West, Chinese intellectuals rather tended toward an optimistic view of both, a fact that brought them closer to the Rousseauian tradition of democratic thought. However, Huang also sees signs of a Millianism with Chinese characteristics in the thought of Yan Fu and Liang Qichao.
{"title":"The Concept of Democracy during the Transitional Period of Modern China","authors":"M. Huang","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2015.1255087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2015.1255087","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT In this article, Huang discusses the process whereby the concept of democracy was translated into the Chinese context during the transitional period of modern China (1895–1925). He asserts that while democracy was rooted in a pessimistic conception of human nature and epistemology in the West, Chinese intellectuals rather tended toward an optimistic view of both, a fact that brought them closer to the Rousseauian tradition of democratic thought. However, Huang also sees signs of a Millianism with Chinese characteristics in the thought of Yan Fu and Liang Qichao.","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"47 1","pages":"186 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2015.1255087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2015.1255085
Philip Major
ABSTRACT This article argues that Anglophone works on Chinese democracy have tended to build their analyses on assumptions that tradition is either (1) a premodern phenomenon unrelated to China’s democratization process, (2) a hindrance that should be gotten rid of if China is to democratize, (3) a static phenomenon that cannot but appear antiquated with regard to a dynamic, fast-paced modern China, or (4) an object from which modern agents can freely draw. In order to challenge these assumptions, this article suggests that modernity and democracy were translated into a Chinese milieu already ripe with Gadamerian prejudices: prejudices that not only modified the meaning of modernity and democracy, but also provided the very conditions without which modernity and democracy would not have been meaningful or understood at all. Max Ko-wu Huang’s work can contribute to our understanding of the role played by various traditions in the process of translating democracy during the transitional period of modern China (1895–1925).
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Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2016.1227112
Y. Pines, Carine Defoort
ABSTRACT The Book of Lord Shang attributed to Shang Yang (d. 338 BCE) is one of the most controversial products of ideological debates in pre-imperial China (pre-221 BCE). Forty years ago, Li Yu-ning summarized previous rounds of debates that peaked with the Shang Yang fervor of the early 1970s. The present article takes over where she ended, further exploring trends in studies of the Book of Lord Shang since the Open-up-and-Reform Era (1978–). The paper shows that despite a clear tendency of depoliticization of these studies, scholars are still deeply influenced by the tradition of using the figure of Shang Yang as a foil in contemporary political debates. In their evaluation of Shang Yang’s legacy, many contemporary Chinese scholars continue to use traditional views, but also modern ideas such as the “rule of law,” “progress,” “evolution,” “dialectic,” or the Marxist theory of distinct social stages. They all contribute to the ongoing relevance of Lord Shang to current China.
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Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2016.1227120
Liu Cunshan
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article presents a counterintuitive view that the rise of Confucianism in the Han dynasty is indebted to the Book of Lord Shang. It analyzes chapter 7, “Opening the blocked,” and shows that the chapter can be read as promoting a combination of force and morality. The sophisticated historical view of this chapter solves apparent contradictions between societies based on family ties, meritocracy, and monarchic power by showing how new levels of social development inevitably open up when old paths are blocked. This dynamic view was abandoned by the followers of Shang Yang but was rediscovered by the Confucian scholar Lu Jia (ca. 2401–170 BCE) early in the Han dynasty. It is under the impact of this dynamic view that Lu Jia tried to convince the first Han emperor that one can attain the world from horseback but not rule it without an inspiring ideology. The dialectic historical approach presented in “Opening the blocked” chapter remains valid well into our days.
{"title":"Book of Lord Shang and Elevation of Confucianism in the Han—Including the Discussion of the Conflict Between Shang Yang, His School, and the Confucians","authors":"Liu Cunshan","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2016.1227120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227120","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article presents a counterintuitive view that the rise of Confucianism in the Han dynasty is indebted to the Book of Lord Shang. It analyzes chapter 7, “Opening the blocked,” and shows that the chapter can be read as promoting a combination of force and morality. The sophisticated historical view of this chapter solves apparent contradictions between societies based on family ties, meritocracy, and monarchic power by showing how new levels of social development inevitably open up when old paths are blocked. This dynamic view was abandoned by the followers of Shang Yang but was rediscovered by the Confucian scholar Lu Jia (ca. 2401–170 BCE) early in the Han dynasty. It is under the impact of this dynamic view that Lu Jia tried to convince the first Han emperor that one can attain the world from horseback but not rule it without an inspiring ideology. The dialectic historical approach presented in “Opening the blocked” chapter remains valid well into our days.","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"47 1","pages":"112 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2016.1227133
Wu Baoping, Lin Cun-guang
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article argues that Shang Yang’s philosophy of law was not only a means to enrich the state and strengthen its army, but also envisioned the orderly rule of all All-under-Heaven. Through a fair, universal, and reliable use of rewards, punishments, and also teaching, this vision of laws could ultimately lead to the promotion of moral values, popular consensus, and people’s self-governance. While the authors admit that in Shang Yang’s own historical context, law was no more than a tool used by the ruler to suppress his people, potentially his ideas could contribute to a future Chinese society fully ruled by law and morality, and inspired by the rule of law.
{"title":"Reflections on the Concept of “Law” of Shang Yang from the Perspective of Political Philosophy: Function, Value, and Spirit of the “Rule of Law”","authors":"Wu Baoping, Lin Cun-guang","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2016.1227133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227133","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article argues that Shang Yang’s philosophy of law was not only a means to enrich the state and strengthen its army, but also envisioned the orderly rule of all All-under-Heaven. Through a fair, universal, and reliable use of rewards, punishments, and also teaching, this vision of laws could ultimately lead to the promotion of moral values, popular consensus, and people’s self-governance. While the authors admit that in Shang Yang’s own historical context, law was no more than a tool used by the ruler to suppress his people, potentially his ideas could contribute to a future Chinese society fully ruled by law and morality, and inspired by the rule of law.","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"47 1","pages":"125 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2016.1227125
Zhang Linxiang
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article is a reflection on the nature of “changing with the times” that is put forward in the Book of Lord Shang. The author challenges the modern, predominantly Marxist, portrayal of Shang Yang as the exceptional Warring States master promoting a progressive view of history. The Book of Lord Shang does not prioritize future over the present or present over the past, nor does it envision a large-scale rational understanding of the historical trends, nor the possibility to improve human nature. Like other late Zhou, Qin, and Han sources, some chapters of the book promote the capacity to change with the times as a political expediency in concrete contexts. The author utilizes this understanding to dismiss the still popular conceptualization of Shang Yang as a “progressive” thinker. If this oppressive ideology promoted the idea of progress, then the very idea of progress should be called into question, according to the author.
{"title":"Progress or Change? Rethinking the Historical Outlook of the Book of Lord Shang","authors":"Zhang Linxiang","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2016.1227125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227125","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article is a reflection on the nature of “changing with the times” that is put forward in the Book of Lord Shang. The author challenges the modern, predominantly Marxist, portrayal of Shang Yang as the exceptional Warring States master promoting a progressive view of history. The Book of Lord Shang does not prioritize future over the present or present over the past, nor does it envision a large-scale rational understanding of the historical trends, nor the possibility to improve human nature. Like other late Zhou, Qin, and Han sources, some chapters of the book promote the capacity to change with the times as a political expediency in concrete contexts. The author utilizes this understanding to dismiss the still popular conceptualization of Shang Yang as a “progressive” thinker. If this oppressive ideology promoted the idea of progress, then the very idea of progress should be called into question, according to the author.","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"47 1","pages":"111 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2016.1227128
Tong Weimin
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article argues on the basis of internal and external evidence that chapter 15 “Attracting the people” (Lai min) was written by a follower of Shang Yang in the later years of King Zhao of Qin (r. 306–251 BCE). While the idea of attracting immigrants can be traced back to Shang Yang himself, the article dates the chapter seventy-eight years after his death (i.e., after the end of Changping campaign, 260 BCE).
{"title":"On the Composition of the “Attracting the People” Chapter of the Book of Lord Shang","authors":"Tong Weimin","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2016.1227128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227128","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article argues on the basis of internal and external evidence that chapter 15 “Attracting the people” (Lai min) was written by a follower of Shang Yang in the later years of King Zhao of Qin (r. 306–251 BCE). While the idea of attracting immigrants can be traced back to Shang Yang himself, the article dates the chapter seventy-eight years after his death (i.e., after the end of Changping campaign, 260 BCE).","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"47 1","pages":"138 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10971467.2016.1227124
Zeng Zhenyu
EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article gives an overview of Shang Yang portrayals in four stages: from Han Fei’s sympathetic yet balanced assessment, passing over a variety of conflicting Han views, skipping through “the two millennia of vilification” to Zhang Taiyan’s (1869–1936) rediscovery of Shang Yang, and ending up at the Shang Yang fervor of the 1970s. Zeng shows how the figure of Shang Yang keeps popping up with a certain regularity, inciting conflicts about his legacy. He also argues that at each flare of the debate, what was really at stake was not a mere assessment of the long gone Warring States-period Qin reformer, but of the then current policies that needed to be indirectly addressed.
{"title":"Shang Yang as a Historical Personality and as a Symbol","authors":"Zeng Zhenyu","doi":"10.1080/10971467.2016.1227124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227124","url":null,"abstract":"EDITOR’S ABSTRACT This article gives an overview of Shang Yang portrayals in four stages: from Han Fei’s sympathetic yet balanced assessment, passing over a variety of conflicting Han views, skipping through “the two millennia of vilification” to Zhang Taiyan’s (1869–1936) rediscovery of Shang Yang, and ending up at the Shang Yang fervor of the 1970s. Zeng shows how the figure of Shang Yang keeps popping up with a certain regularity, inciting conflicts about his legacy. He also argues that at each flare of the debate, what was really at stake was not a mere assessment of the long gone Warring States-period Qin reformer, but of the then current policies that needed to be indirectly addressed.","PeriodicalId":42082,"journal":{"name":"CONTEMPORARY CHINESE THOUGHT","volume":"47 1","pages":"69 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10971467.2016.1227124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59667517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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