Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-304
A. Krause
Abstract. In his Athanasia, the main source of his metaphysics, Bolzano deals with the problem of the freedom of the human will. This paper reconstructs two definitions of free will and focuses on Bolzano’s arguments and counter-arguments for and against the existence of free will. These arguments are confronted with some aspects of the modern discussion of this subject. The paper examines especially how far the so called principle of alternate possibilities is relevant for a better understanding of Bolzano’s arguments. Assuming the reconstructed definitions of the freedom of the will, it turns out that a person has only free will if this person could have wanted otherwise. But, according to Bolzano’s view in the Athanasia, the possibility to want otherwise is not a necessary condition for moral responsibility. Finally, the paper shortly discusses whether, for Bolzano, people are free after death and whether God is free.
{"title":"Bolzano über Willensfreiheit","authors":"A. Krause","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In his Athanasia, the main source of his metaphysics, Bolzano deals with the problem of the freedom of the human will. This paper reconstructs two definitions of free will and focuses on Bolzano’s arguments and counter-arguments for and against the existence of free will. These arguments are confronted with some aspects of the modern discussion of this subject. The paper examines especially how far the so called principle of alternate possibilities is relevant for a better understanding of Bolzano’s arguments. Assuming the reconstructed definitions of the freedom of the will, it turns out that a person has only free will if this person could have wanted otherwise. But, according to Bolzano’s view in the Athanasia, the possibility to want otherwise is not a necessary condition for moral responsibility. Finally, the paper shortly discusses whether, for Bolzano, people are free after death and whether God is free.","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-249
Hannes Kerber
{"title":"Platon, Euthyphron, übers. u. Kommentar v. Maximilian Forschner (= Platon Werke. Übersetzung und Kommentar, Bd. I.1)","authors":"Hannes Kerber","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-318
D. Koch
Abstract. Usually the ethics of humor revolves around the content of humor. After giving a synopsis and exposing some shortcomings of the recent controversies, this paper takes into account additional aspects and proposes a change of perspective from token to type level and deploys tools of the philosophy of language to tackle the question whether a joke as a type can be considered morally flawed irrespective of its tokens. After exploring possible ways one can think of to furnish evidence for the opposite position, two novel lines of argumentation based on counterfactual conditionals and speech act theory are provided to show that these ways aren’t viable and that joke as types (even offensive jokes like sexist or racist ones) are ethically neutral. Moreover, the presented approach increases the resolution of the debate and provides a framework to capture other hitherto neglected questions of the philosophy of humor as well.
{"title":"It’s Not (Only) The Joke’s Fault: A Speech Act Approach To Offensive Humor","authors":"D. Koch","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Usually the ethics of humor revolves around the content of humor. After giving a synopsis and exposing some shortcomings of the recent controversies, this paper takes into account additional aspects and proposes a change of perspective from token to type level and deploys tools of the philosophy of language to tackle the question whether a joke as a type can be considered morally flawed irrespective of its tokens. After exploring possible ways one can think of to furnish evidence for the opposite position, two novel lines of argumentation based on counterfactual conditionals and speech act theory are provided to show that these ways aren’t viable and that joke as types (even offensive jokes like sexist or racist ones) are ethically neutral. Moreover, the presented approach increases the resolution of the debate and provides a framework to capture other hitherto neglected questions of the philosophy of humor as well.","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-191
Jörg Sandkühler
{"title":"Daniel Bogner, Das Recht des Politischen. Ein neuer Begriff der Menschenrechte","authors":"Jörg Sandkühler","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71268120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-201
W. Hellmich
{"title":"Epiktet, Was ist wahre Freiheit? Diatribe IV 1","authors":"W. Hellmich","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71268767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-76
Lena Robaszkiewicz
Abstract. Why should contemporary philosophers study philosophical texts of the past? Today, there are various answers to that question, but Bernard Williams was one of the first who has combined analytical and historical elements in his approach to it. Although several recent articles refer to Williams’ different remarks about the history of philosophy, his attitude has never been presented comprehensively. That desideratum will be fulfilled in this essay. In doing so, I will argue, firstly, that Williams rejects the position traditionally favoured by analytical philosophers because of his very different understanding of philosophy and, secondly, that the three different methods he suggests for studying the history of philosophy are compatible with each other.
{"title":"Bernard Williams zum methodischen Gebrauch der Philosophiegeschichte","authors":"Lena Robaszkiewicz","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-76","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Why should contemporary philosophers study philosophical texts of the past? Today, there are various answers to that question, but Bernard Williams was one of the first who has combined analytical and historical elements in his approach to it. Although several recent articles refer to Williams’ different remarks about the history of philosophy, his attitude has never been presented comprehensively. That desideratum will be fulfilled in this essay. In doing so, I will argue, firstly, that Williams rejects the position traditionally favoured by analytical philosophers because of his very different understanding of philosophy and, secondly, that the three different methods he suggests for studying the history of philosophy are compatible with each other.","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-244
Oliver Hidalgo
{"title":"Benoît Peeters, Derrida. A Biography, übers. v. Andrew Brown","authors":"Oliver Hidalgo","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-1-244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-522
J. Hübner
{"title":"Existenz und Ontologie. Anmerkungen zu Markus Gabriels ontologischen Thesen","authors":"J. Hübner","doi":"10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2015-2-522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42095,"journal":{"name":"PHILOSOPHISCHES JAHRBUCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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