{"title":"Coming Home to a Foreign Country: Xiamen and Returned Overseas Chinese, 1843–1938 by Ong Soon Keong (review)","authors":"Madeline Y. Hsu","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"48 1","pages":"E-4 - E-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49591203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese Asianism, 1894–1945 by Craig A. Smith (review)","authors":"Xin Fan","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"48 1","pages":"E-7 - E-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48392918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article investigates the workings of the anti-US propaganda of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the marginalization of dissent in the public realm of China during the Korean War. Through an examination of the actions and reactions of both propagandists and people at the grassroots, this study demonstrates that China's eruption of patriotism and anti-Americanism during the war was far from spontaneous or natural but rather resulted from the interplay between the CCP's propaganda activities and people's reception of the propaganda. I argue that the CCP strategically appropriated war memories and coordinated public articulation and collective sharing of war suffering and of atrocities perpetrated by Japan and by the United States, allowing the CCP to legitimize the promotion of hatred against the United States and the labeling of dissenting voices as connected to China's deadly enemies, the United States and the Nationalists.
{"title":"The Korean War, Anti-US Propaganda, and the Marginalization of Dissent in China, 1950–1953","authors":"S. Chin","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article investigates the workings of the anti-US propaganda of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the marginalization of dissent in the public realm of China during the Korean War. Through an examination of the actions and reactions of both propagandists and people at the grassroots, this study demonstrates that China's eruption of patriotism and anti-Americanism during the war was far from spontaneous or natural but rather resulted from the interplay between the CCP's propaganda activities and people's reception of the propaganda. I argue that the CCP strategically appropriated war memories and coordinated public articulation and collective sharing of war suffering and of atrocities perpetrated by Japan and by the United States, allowing the CCP to legitimize the promotion of hatred against the United States and the labeling of dissenting voices as connected to China's deadly enemies, the United States and the Nationalists.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"48 1","pages":"23 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66353028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article explores the technological dimension of Shanghai’s socialist transformation. It does so through a case study of the bicycle industry, tracing the industry’s standardization and consolidation from the early 1950s to the 1960s. During this time, hundreds of independent bicycle factories merged into one state-owned manufacturing enterprise renowned for its celebrated bicycle brand: the Phoenix. By examining the archives of both the preconsolidation bicycle trade association and the postconsolidation state-owned factory, this study uncovers the critical role played by the social group labeled “middle and petty capitalists,” many of whom were business owners with valuable technical know-how. Their integration into the new sociotechnological system eliminated the entrepreneur as an identity even as it valorized the role of “technician.” Thus the party-state successfully assimilated both private assets and industrial expertise into the new socialist production regime.
{"title":"Birth of the Phoenix: Petty Capitalists in the Socialist Transformation of the Shanghai Bicycle Industry","authors":"Y. Li","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the technological dimension of Shanghai’s socialist transformation. It does so through a case study of the bicycle industry, tracing the industry’s standardization and consolidation from the early 1950s to the 1960s. During this time, hundreds of independent bicycle factories merged into one state-owned manufacturing enterprise renowned for its celebrated bicycle brand: the Phoenix. By examining the archives of both the preconsolidation bicycle trade association and the postconsolidation state-owned factory, this study uncovers the critical role played by the social group labeled “middle and petty capitalists,” many of whom were business owners with valuable technical know-how. Their integration into the new sociotechnological system eliminated the entrepreneur as an identity even as it valorized the role of “technician.” Thus the party-state successfully assimilated both private assets and industrial expertise into the new socialist production regime.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"266 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49156248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines the encounter between the global gramophone industry and the local entertainment business in early twentieth-century Beijing via a recording project organized by Pathé Records in 1907. Modern media—dominated by global capital and technology—were a double-edged sword for the native participants. Beginning with the experience of the Chinese go-between for the project, Qiao Jinchen, the first part of this article elucidates the multiple dynamics that shaped the collection. The second part explores the experience of the underground women performers, whose artistic and professional pursuits were suppressed by the commercialization of their eroticism. Concluding with analysis of Liu Baoquan’s resistance to gramophone technology, the article speaks to the conflict between the human-centered nature of native folk performances, which originated in preindustrial society, and the industrialized pursuits of modern media. These multiple perspectives on the collection reveal the ambiguous face of modernity as ordinary people experienced it.
{"title":"Tensions on the B-Side: The Global Gramophone Industry and Quyi Performances in Early Twentieth-Century Beijing","authors":"Yu Shi","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the encounter between the global gramophone industry and the local entertainment business in early twentieth-century Beijing via a recording project organized by Pathé Records in 1907. Modern media—dominated by global capital and technology—were a double-edged sword for the native participants. Beginning with the experience of the Chinese go-between for the project, Qiao Jinchen, the first part of this article elucidates the multiple dynamics that shaped the collection. The second part explores the experience of the underground women performers, whose artistic and professional pursuits were suppressed by the commercialization of their eroticism. Concluding with analysis of Liu Baoquan’s resistance to gramophone technology, the article speaks to the conflict between the human-centered nature of native folk performances, which originated in preindustrial society, and the industrialized pursuits of modern media. These multiple perspectives on the collection reveal the ambiguous face of modernity as ordinary people experienced it.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"223 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42571126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lange Schatten der Kulturrevolution: Eine transgenerationale Sicht auf Politik und Emotion in der Volksrepublik China by Sascha Klotzbücher (review)","authors":"Felix Wemheuer","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"E-33 - E-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48017791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This study critically appraises the earliest sociological investigations of Nanyang (South Seas) Chinese communities by the sociologist Chen Da (1892–1975). By exploring Chen’s corpus of work and highlighting systemic blind spots of race and gender, the study reveals the normative rather than empirical quality of his sociological elaboration of the huaqiao (overseas Chinese). Tracing the genesis of his research and his travels through Southeast Asia, it shows that, at each stage, Chen’s investigations, academic networks, connections he made with his local informants, and even his collaborations with his principal translator offered an understanding of the world beyond a patriarchal, patriotic Chinese diaspora that he declined to fully explore. The paper thus offers an intimate window into the historically contingent conceptual work that went into constructing the Chinese “diaspora,” and it highlights the need to exercise caution in making ahistorical use of social science studies of overseas Chinese.
{"title":"The Patriarchy of Diaspora: Race Fantasy and Gender Blindness in Chen Da’s Studies of the Nanyang Chinese","authors":"Rachel Leow","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study critically appraises the earliest sociological investigations of Nanyang (South Seas) Chinese communities by the sociologist Chen Da (1892–1975). By exploring Chen’s corpus of work and highlighting systemic blind spots of race and gender, the study reveals the normative rather than empirical quality of his sociological elaboration of the huaqiao (overseas Chinese). Tracing the genesis of his research and his travels through Southeast Asia, it shows that, at each stage, Chen’s investigations, academic networks, connections he made with his local informants, and even his collaborations with his principal translator offered an understanding of the world beyond a patriarchal, patriotic Chinese diaspora that he declined to fully explore. The paper thus offers an intimate window into the historically contingent conceptual work that went into constructing the Chinese “diaspora,” and it highlights the need to exercise caution in making ahistorical use of social science studies of overseas Chinese.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"243 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42913191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:A recently published collection of archival documents provides not just a trove of records on the history of one particular development campaign but also a rich resource for the study of political dynamics and socioeconomic patterns in Mao’s China and the early years of the Reform era. The collection, titled Xin zhongguo xiao sanxian jianshe dangan wenxian zhengli huibian (Compilation of archival documents about New China’s Small Third Front; Shanghai: Shanghai kexue jishu wenxian chubanshe, 2021), is the product of a research group headed by Xu Youwei. Documents spanning the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s in the compilation’s eight volumes shed light on industrial policy, government-enterprise and civil-military relations, factional politics of the Cultural Revolution, welfare benefits, the urban-rural divide, cultural activities, the education sector, family life, gendered practices, and elements of everyday life, among other topics.
{"title":"A Rich New Window Into The Social, Economic, And Military History Of Cold War China","authors":"Covell F. Meyskens","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A recently published collection of archival documents provides not just a trove of records on the history of one particular development campaign but also a rich resource for the study of political dynamics and socioeconomic patterns in Mao’s China and the early years of the Reform era. The collection, titled Xin zhongguo xiao sanxian jianshe dangan wenxian zhengli huibian (Compilation of archival documents about New China’s Small Third Front; Shanghai: Shanghai kexue jishu wenxian chubanshe, 2021), is the product of a research group headed by Xu Youwei. Documents spanning the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s in the compilation’s eight volumes shed light on industrial policy, government-enterprise and civil-military relations, factional politics of the Cultural Revolution, welfare benefits, the urban-rural divide, cultural activities, the education sector, family life, gendered practices, and elements of everyday life, among other topics.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"307 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chiang Kai-shek’s Politics of Shame: Leadership, Legacy, and National Identity in China by Grace C. Huang (review)","authors":"Patrick Fuliang Shan","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"E-30 - E-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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