{"title":"Maoism and Grassroots Religion: The Communist Revolution and the Reinvention of Religious Life in China by Xiaoxuan Wang (review)","authors":"Yupeng Jiao","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"E-26 - E-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47407779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines the Chinese Nationalists' engagement with postcolonial Muslim states in the early years of the Cold War. It argues that the Nationalists extended support to Chinese Muslims to continue the ethnonationalist policies developed on the Chinese mainland before their retreat to Taiwan. The inclusion of non-Han citizens in their foreign diplomatic outreach was instrumental in projecting their claim to be the rightful government of China. Through outreach and deliberate political gestures like the construction of the Taipei Grand Mosque and the publication of a translation of the Qur'an, the Nationalists intended to reestablish links with Muslim allies and gain the support of Muslims worldwide for their efforts to retake the mainland. Starting with the opening of the mosque, the article uses outreach by the Chinese Muslim Association to postcolonial Muslim states in the 1950s and 1960s to tell a unique story about the Cold War in East Asia. The focus on Muslims recasts these actors as individuals who played an important role in shaping a postwar East Asian future.
{"title":"Cold War Mosque: Islam and Politics in Nationalist Taiwan","authors":"K. Hammond","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the Chinese Nationalists' engagement with postcolonial Muslim states in the early years of the Cold War. It argues that the Nationalists extended support to Chinese Muslims to continue the ethnonationalist policies developed on the Chinese mainland before their retreat to Taiwan. The inclusion of non-Han citizens in their foreign diplomatic outreach was instrumental in projecting their claim to be the rightful government of China. Through outreach and deliberate political gestures like the construction of the Taipei Grand Mosque and the publication of a translation of the Qur'an, the Nationalists intended to reestablish links with Muslim allies and gain the support of Muslims worldwide for their efforts to retake the mainland. Starting with the opening of the mosque, the article uses outreach by the Chinese Muslim Association to postcolonial Muslim states in the 1950s and 1960s to tell a unique story about the Cold War in East Asia. The focus on Muslims recasts these actors as individuals who played an important role in shaping a postwar East Asian future.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"171 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Conquests: Business, the State, and the Origins of Ethnic Inequality in Southwest China by C. Patterson Giersch (review)","authors":"David Brophy","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"E-20 - E-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48737103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay studies how the government of the Republic of China attempted to reterritorialize Taiwan as a part of modern China, following Japanese colonization, by examining the first editions of postwar gazetteers for Taiwan's major cities. This genre historically played an important role in the assertion of control by China's dynasties and in efforts by local elites to shape official knowledge and policies, and these editions on Taiwan's cities were some of the first dedicated city gazetteers produced in the twentieth century. The essay argues that these texts were among several important tools that the state used to project its Chinese nation-state onto Taiwan, by linking urban Taiwan to China's history and envisioning future cities that would be the basis of the nation. Versions of these future cities gradually took shape, but they did so more within the context of Taiwanization than of Sinification.
{"title":"Transformative Agendas: Postwar Gazetteers and the Reconstruction of Urban Taiwan, 1945–1960","authors":"Evan N. Dawley","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay studies how the government of the Republic of China attempted to reterritorialize Taiwan as a part of modern China, following Japanese colonization, by examining the first editions of postwar gazetteers for Taiwan's major cities. This genre historically played an important role in the assertion of control by China's dynasties and in efforts by local elites to shape official knowledge and policies, and these editions on Taiwan's cities were some of the first dedicated city gazetteers produced in the twentieth century. The essay argues that these texts were among several important tools that the state used to project its Chinese nation-state onto Taiwan, by linking urban Taiwan to China's history and envisioning future cities that would be the basis of the nation. Versions of these future cities gradually took shape, but they did so more within the context of Taiwanization than of Sinification.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"194 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Made in Hong Kong:Transpacific Networks and a New History of Globalization by Peter E. Hamilton (review)","authors":"Kent P. K. Wan","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"E-7 - E-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46543822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Municipal government as an institutional form spread across China in the first decades of the twentieth century. Inspired by foreign models, the form embedded itself quickly into the domestic political order. As it came to be implemented in China, municipal government focused on policing and infrastructure. Municipal officials' promises of economic development and social discipline were attractive to local elites. New urban institutions opened avenues for ambitious younger men to build careers alongside established county and provincial administrations. Urban administration enjoyed cachet, being understood as an important priority worldwide. The creation of municipal governments facilitated the incorporation of new technologies, techniques, and training into the Chinese political order. Municipal government contributed to national integration by spreading common practices and building a new institutional framework that the Nationalist and Communist governments were able to knit together via new laws and personnel transfers in later decades.
{"title":"The Rise of Municipal Government in Early Twentieth-Century China: Local History, International Influence, and National Integration","authors":"K. Stapleton","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Municipal government as an institutional form spread across China in the first decades of the twentieth century. Inspired by foreign models, the form embedded itself quickly into the domestic political order. As it came to be implemented in China, municipal government focused on policing and infrastructure. Municipal officials' promises of economic development and social discipline were attractive to local elites. New urban institutions opened avenues for ambitious younger men to build careers alongside established county and provincial administrations. Urban administration enjoyed cachet, being understood as an important priority worldwide. The creation of municipal governments facilitated the incorporation of new technologies, techniques, and training into the Chinese political order. Municipal government contributed to national integration by spreading common practices and building a new institutional framework that the Nationalist and Communist governments were able to knit together via new laws and personnel transfers in later decades.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"11 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42536448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:During the years 1916–1937, a time of critical political disunity for China, statebuilding efforts by central authorities were not the only ones that were significant and worthy of attention. The contributions of local power-holders (warlords) were also crucial. Contrary to the usual depiction of warlords as concerned only with their personal wealth and power, I argue that many had a strong concern for state building. Warlords' achievements were particularly significant in four realms: transportation infrastructure, education, economic planning, and statistics. Besides reappraising the warlords' contributions in these four realms, it is of equal importance to explain the remarkable convergence of state-building politics at the national scale. The four different realms under consideration are interesting not only for their intrinsic importance in state building but also because they are representative of four more general "dynamics" that explain such a convergence.
{"title":"Warlords at Work: Four Crucial Realms and Four Dynamics of State Building in Republican China, 1916–1937","authors":"Xavier Paulès","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the years 1916–1937, a time of critical political disunity for China, statebuilding efforts by central authorities were not the only ones that were significant and worthy of attention. The contributions of local power-holders (warlords) were also crucial. Contrary to the usual depiction of warlords as concerned only with their personal wealth and power, I argue that many had a strong concern for state building. Warlords' achievements were particularly significant in four realms: transportation infrastructure, education, economic planning, and statistics. Besides reappraising the warlords' contributions in these four realms, it is of equal importance to explain the remarkable convergence of state-building politics at the national scale. The four different realms under consideration are interesting not only for their intrinsic importance in state building but also because they are representative of four more general \"dynamics\" that explain such a convergence.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"40 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Two recent books illumine arenas of state practice in Qing and Republican China and/or in the People's Republic of China. One takes up state practice through the problem of the establishment of a national language in China's nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the other engages statecraft from the perspective of the 1950s efforts to collect data and account statistically for China's material conditions and its population. Each book contributes to narrower and broader areas of research and academic interest in China's and the world's modern history, and both could be of interest to scholars of nationalism, language, statistics, Chinese identity, and the Chinese state.This essay discusses the following works. Arunabh Ghosh. Making It Count: Statistics and Statecraft in the Early People's Republic of China. Histories of Economic Life Series. Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 340 pp. Hardcover ($45.00), softcover ($32.95), or e-book. | Gina Anne Tam. Dialect and Nationalism in China: 1860–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 261 pp. Hardcover ($99.99), softcover ($29.99), or e-book.
{"title":"Subject to the State: Language and Data in Twentieth-Century China","authors":"Rebecca E. Karl","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Two recent books illumine arenas of state practice in Qing and Republican China and/or in the People's Republic of China. One takes up state practice through the problem of the establishment of a national language in China's nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the other engages statecraft from the perspective of the 1950s efforts to collect data and account statistically for China's material conditions and its population. Each book contributes to narrower and broader areas of research and academic interest in China's and the world's modern history, and both could be of interest to scholars of nationalism, language, statistics, Chinese identity, and the Chinese state.This essay discusses the following works. Arunabh Ghosh. Making It Count: Statistics and Statecraft in the Early People's Republic of China. Histories of Economic Life Series. Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 340 pp. Hardcover ($45.00), softcover ($32.95), or e-book. | Gina Anne Tam. Dialect and Nationalism in China: 1860–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 261 pp. Hardcover ($99.99), softcover ($29.99), or e-book.","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"81 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46593683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utopian Ruins: A Memorial Museum of the Mao Era by Jie Li (review)","authors":"D. Luo","doi":"10.1353/tcc.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42116,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth-Century China","volume":"47 1","pages":"E-10 - E-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42181181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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