. Instead of the conventional use of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) hotplate for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) or nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensing, it was used for photoacoustic (PA) gas sensing. A low-cost MEMS microphone was used for the development of this MEMS hotplate PA carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sensor. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first time that a MEMS hotplate and a MEMS microphone are combined for use in gas sensing with high modulation frequency. NDIR sensors use much more expensive photodetectors compared to the MEMS microphone used in this work. The MEMS hotplate and MEMS microphone have the desired characteristics of low power consumption, small size and low cost. The hotplate as a blackbody is a good infrared emitter which is suitable for CO 2 detection around the 4.26 µm absorption band. Despite the significant radiation power loss due to high modulation frequency, the remaining/reduced power radiation power was still sufficient to excite CO 2 molecules for PA signal generation. Temperature analysis on the sensor showed that PA signal decreases with an increase in temperature, which implies that compensation must be provided for such temperature effects. This work provides alternative optical gas sensing that is comparatively inexpensive compared to the conventional NDIR sensors and by using components that can be easily mass-produced, thereby making a valuable contribution to the fight against air pollution and global warming.
{"title":"Development of a MEMS hotplate-based photoacoustic CO2 sensor","authors":"Lucky A. Ishaku, D. Hutson, D. Gibson","doi":"10.21595/JME.2021.21852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/JME.2021.21852","url":null,"abstract":". Instead of the conventional use of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) hotplate for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) or nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensing, it was used for photoacoustic (PA) gas sensing. A low-cost MEMS microphone was used for the development of this MEMS hotplate PA carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sensor. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first time that a MEMS hotplate and a MEMS microphone are combined for use in gas sensing with high modulation frequency. NDIR sensors use much more expensive photodetectors compared to the MEMS microphone used in this work. The MEMS hotplate and MEMS microphone have the desired characteristics of low power consumption, small size and low cost. The hotplate as a blackbody is a good infrared emitter which is suitable for CO 2 detection around the 4.26 µm absorption band. Despite the significant radiation power loss due to high modulation frequency, the remaining/reduced power radiation power was still sufficient to excite CO 2 molecules for PA signal generation. Temperature analysis on the sensor showed that PA signal decreases with an increase in temperature, which implies that compensation must be provided for such temperature effects. This work provides alternative optical gas sensing that is comparatively inexpensive compared to the conventional NDIR sensors and by using components that can be easily mass-produced, thereby making a valuable contribution to the fight against air pollution and global warming.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41899045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims at presenting the impact of manual diaphragm relaxation therapy on the voice emission tested in an anechoic chamber and changes in the body posture during singing using the Zebris posturographic and pedobarographic platform. A pilot study on three cases has been conducted (patient 1 – male aged 21, student of the 2nd year of Academy of Music in Krakow, patient 2 – male aged 34, with more than 25 years of choral singing and advanced musical experience, patient 3 – female 24, with around 10 years of choral singing experience and primary musical school graduation). An original survey questionnaire was used, enabling determination the problematics associated with the profession of singer. A posturographic platform (Zebris) was used that revealed deviations during the scenic movement (by performing an appropriately developed repertoire). Subsequently, a voice emission examination was carried out in an anechoic chamber of the Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Science and Technology. Directly after the examination, the examined individual was subject to a manual therapy lasting several minutes. The applied fascial techniques for diaphragm consisted in the implementation of a prolonged stretching of the myofascial complex with the use of low load. After the therapy, testing with the use of the aforementioned methods was repeated. The present study refers to the impact of the diaphragm function on voice emission parameters. In the pilot study for patient 1 and 2, 15 voice emission parameters improved. The analysis of the above results showed the variability before and after the diaphragm relaxation therapy in parameters such as Fo, Jitt and Shim. In the examined case of patient 1 and 2, the value of the parameter Jitt decreased by almost half, while Shim decreased by about 40 % after the therapy. However, such changes were not observed for patient 3. It may be influenced by many factors, such as stress or worse disposition on the day of the examination. The presented preliminary study expands the knowledge on the function of the diaphragm and the awareness of the function of ventilatory muscles during singing, which may result in enhanced efficiency of working with voice. In the future it is planned the study on bigger group students of Academy of Music in Krakow with the control group.
{"title":"Investigation of the relationship between the diaphragm muscle relaxation therapy, voice emission and postural stability in amateur and professional singers of Academy of Music – preliminary study","authors":"Ciuryk Julia, Michalik Dominika, Hordyjewicz Katarzyna, Małecki Paweł, Frankowski Grzegorz, Kłaczyński Maciej, Kulesa-Mrowiecka Małgorzata","doi":"10.21595/JME.2020.21707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/JME.2020.21707","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims at presenting the impact of manual diaphragm relaxation therapy on the voice emission tested in an anechoic chamber and changes in the body posture during singing using the Zebris posturographic and pedobarographic platform. A pilot study on three cases has been conducted (patient 1 – male aged 21, student of the 2nd year of Academy of Music in Krakow, patient 2 – male aged 34, with more than 25 years of choral singing and advanced musical experience, patient 3 – female 24, with around 10 years of choral singing experience and primary musical school graduation). An original survey questionnaire was used, enabling determination the problematics associated with the profession of singer. A posturographic platform (Zebris) was used that revealed deviations during the scenic movement (by performing an appropriately developed repertoire). Subsequently, a voice emission examination was carried out in an anechoic chamber of the Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Science and Technology. Directly after the examination, the examined individual was subject to a manual therapy lasting several minutes. The applied fascial techniques for diaphragm consisted in the implementation of a prolonged stretching of the myofascial complex with the use of low load. After the therapy, testing with the use of the aforementioned methods was repeated. The present study refers to the impact of the diaphragm function on voice emission parameters. In the pilot study for patient 1 and 2, 15 voice emission parameters improved. The analysis of the above results showed the variability before and after the diaphragm relaxation therapy in parameters such as Fo, Jitt and Shim. In the examined case of patient 1 and 2, the value of the parameter Jitt decreased by almost half, while Shim decreased by about 40 % after the therapy. However, such changes were not observed for patient 3. It may be influenced by many factors, such as stress or worse disposition on the day of the examination. The presented preliminary study expands the knowledge on the function of the diaphragm and the awareness of the function of ventilatory muscles during singing, which may result in enhanced efficiency of working with voice. In the future it is planned the study on bigger group students of Academy of Music in Krakow with the control group.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41884565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Manko, Y. Shuba, A. Korpach, S. Gutarevyc, J. Ragulskiene, A. Pauliukas
The article presents the results of studies of energy, environmental and fuel efficiency indicators of a passenger car with a gasoline injection system. The engine is equipped with a device additionally supplying liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and it has an ignition timing variator (ITV). As a result of research, an improvement in the fuel efficiency of a car in thermal equivalent was found when the engine was running on LPG and a slight increase in energy performance was observed. Emissions of pollutants with exhaust gases change in different ways: emissions of carbon monoxide practically do not change, emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are growing, carbon dioxide emissions from LPG operation are reduced, socio-economic damage when the engine is running on LPG is also reduced.
{"title":"Measurement of fuel consumption and harmful emissions of cars when using different types of fuel","authors":"I. Manko, Y. Shuba, A. Korpach, S. Gutarevyc, J. Ragulskiene, A. Pauliukas","doi":"10.21595/jme.2020.21847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2020.21847","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of energy, environmental and fuel efficiency indicators of a passenger car with a gasoline injection system. The engine is equipped with a device additionally supplying liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and it has an ignition timing variator (ITV). As a result of research, an improvement in the fuel efficiency of a car in thermal equivalent was found when the engine was running on LPG and a slight increase in energy performance was observed. Emissions of pollutants with exhaust gases change in different ways: emissions of carbon monoxide practically do not change, emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are growing, carbon dioxide emissions from LPG operation are reduced, socio-economic damage when the engine is running on LPG is also reduced.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45003184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and power generation and transmission parts. Long exposure to high vibrations may lead to numbness, stiffness, and pain in the rider’s hand parts such as fingers, shoulders, and neck. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in the motorcycle handlebar and modify the handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. A motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stroke length than bore diameter and hence it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. To investigate and predict vibration attenuation levels in handlebar at different operating conditions, a proper design of experiments (DOE) is carried. In the DOE, the effects of factors such as motorcycle engine speed, mass on handlebar have been studied on vibrations at the handlebar. The objective of DOE is to develop a robust model that predicts the handlebar vibrations of a motorcycle which is highly desirable when rider exposes to vibration for a long period. The results of the investigation show vibration attenuation from 23 to 66 % at various engine speeds. The effect of the tuned mass damper is substantially visible at higher engine RPM hence proper modification of handlebar becomes essential in case of high revving applications where riders are exposed to high vibrations for longer periods.
{"title":"Vibration analysis of motorcycle handlebar for riding comfort using tuned mass damper","authors":"A. Bhende, Sumit S. Khune","doi":"10.21595/jme.2020.21518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2020.21518","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and power generation and transmission parts. Long exposure to high vibrations may lead to numbness, stiffness, and pain in the rider’s hand parts such as fingers, shoulders, and neck. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in the motorcycle handlebar and modify the handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. A motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stroke length than bore diameter and hence it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. To investigate and predict vibration attenuation levels in handlebar at different operating conditions, a proper design of experiments (DOE) is carried. In the DOE, the effects of factors such as motorcycle engine speed, mass on handlebar have been studied on vibrations at the handlebar. The objective of DOE is to develop a robust model that predicts the handlebar vibrations of a motorcycle which is highly desirable when rider exposes to vibration for a long period. The results of the investigation show vibration attenuation from 23 to 66 % at various engine speeds. The effect of the tuned mass damper is substantially visible at higher engine RPM hence proper modification of handlebar becomes essential in case of high revving applications where riders are exposed to high vibrations for longer periods.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Performance evaluation of LoRa LPWAN technology for IoT-based blast-induced ground vibration system","authors":"D. Nimaje, P. Ragam, D. Yadav, G. Karthik","doi":"10.21595/jme.2020.21494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2020.21494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44240713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nazrin, S. J. Hashim, F. Rokhani, B. Ali, Z. Yusoff
Software-Defined Radio (SDR) has appeared as a sufficient framework for the development and testing of the measurement systems such as a signal generator, signal analyzer, and network analysis used in the network analyzer. However, most of researchers or scientists still rely on commercial analyzers were larger benchtop instruments, highly cost investment and minimum software intervention. In this paper, a new concepts measurement revolution called as Software Defined Instrumentation (SDI) on network analysis is presented, which is based on reconfigurable SDR, a low-cost implementation, ability to access RF chain and utilizing open source signal processing framework. As a result, a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) has been successful implemented by deploying an SDR platform, test sets, and data acquisition from the GNU Radio software in host PC. The known calibration process on SHORT-OPEN-LOAD (SOL) technique is validated to ensure measurement data from this SDI free from systematic error. Two types of SOL calibration standards used for a comparison study to validate the SDI measurement system which is capable of generating the response on the differential of standard quality and accuracy of standards kits. Finally, calibration uncertainty analysis is also presented in this work by utilizing RF open source package without any cost addition.
{"title":"Error correction and uncertainty measurement of short-open-load calibration standards on a new concept of software defined instrumentation for microwave network analysis","authors":"M. Nazrin, S. J. Hashim, F. Rokhani, B. Ali, Z. Yusoff","doi":"10.21595/jme.2019.20329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2019.20329","url":null,"abstract":"Software-Defined Radio (SDR) has appeared as a sufficient framework for the development and testing of the measurement systems such as a signal generator, signal analyzer, and network analysis used in the network analyzer. However, most of researchers or scientists still rely on commercial analyzers were larger benchtop instruments, highly cost investment and minimum software intervention. In this paper, a new concepts measurement revolution called as Software Defined Instrumentation (SDI) on network analysis is presented, which is based on reconfigurable SDR, a low-cost implementation, ability to access RF chain and utilizing open source signal processing framework. As a result, a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) has been successful implemented by deploying an SDR platform, test sets, and data acquisition from the GNU Radio software in host PC. The known calibration process on SHORT-OPEN-LOAD (SOL) technique is validated to ensure measurement data from this SDI free from systematic error. Two types of SOL calibration standards used for a comparison study to validate the SDI measurement system which is capable of generating the response on the differential of standard quality and accuracy of standards kits. Finally, calibration uncertainty analysis is also presented in this work by utilizing RF open source package without any cost addition.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41944297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent proliferation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) evolution into the Internet of Things (IoT) vision enables a variety of low-cost monitoring applications which allows a seamless transfer of information via embedded computing and network devices. Ambiguous ground vibration can be induced by blasting demolition is a severe concern which grievously damages the nearby dwellings and plants. It is an indispensable prerequisite for measuring the blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV), accomplishing a topical and most active research area. Thus, proposed and developed an architecture which emphasizes the IoT realm and implements a low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) based system. Especially, using the available Long-Range (LoRa) Correct as Radio Frequency (RF) module, construct a WSN configuration for acquisition and streaming of required data from and to an IoT gateway. The system can wirelessly deliver the information to mine management and surrounding rural peoples to aware of the intensity of BIGV level. In this article, an endeavor has been made to introduce a LoRa WAN connectivity and proved the potentiality of the integrated WSN paradigm by testing of data transmission-reception in a non-line of sight (NLOS) condition. The path loss metrics and other required parameters have been measured using the LoRa WAN technology at 2.4 GHz frequency.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of LoRa LPWAN technology for IoT-based blast-induced ground vibration system","authors":"P. Ragam, D. Nimaje, D. Yadav, Guntha Karthik","doi":"10.21595/jme.2019.20586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2019.20586","url":null,"abstract":"The recent proliferation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) evolution into the Internet of Things (IoT) vision enables a variety of low-cost monitoring applications which allows a seamless transfer of information via embedded computing and network devices. Ambiguous ground vibration can be induced by blasting demolition is a severe concern which grievously damages the nearby dwellings and plants. It is an indispensable prerequisite for measuring the blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV), accomplishing a topical and most active research area. Thus, proposed and developed an architecture which emphasizes the IoT realm and implements a low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) based system. Especially, using the available Long-Range (LoRa) Correct as Radio Frequency (RF) module, construct a WSN configuration for acquisition and streaming of required data from and to an IoT gateway. The system can wirelessly deliver the information to mine management and surrounding rural peoples to aware of the intensity of BIGV level. In this article, an endeavor has been made to introduce a LoRa WAN connectivity and proved the potentiality of the integrated WSN paradigm by testing of data transmission-reception in a non-line of sight (NLOS) condition. The path loss metrics and other required parameters have been measured using the LoRa WAN technology at 2.4 GHz frequency.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49542888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of laboratory studies of innovative technology for grinding raw materials are presented. Grinding technology is one of the most energy-intensive industries in the industry. The obtained data confirm the possibility of obtaining breakthrough technical and economic indicators in the implementation of the proposed innovative technology of grinding raw materials in ball mills. The latter is achieved by maintaining in them the optimal trajectories of intra mill loading on the basis of the use of a controlled cascade-waterfall grinding mode, depending on the constantly changing physical and mechanical properties (grind ability, strength) of the ground product. At the same time, the mill effectively implements the most efficient grinding regimes (blow, abrasion, crushing), depending on the current strength of the crushed raw materials. Tests have shown the possibility of reducing the specific energy consumption depending on the strength of the crushed material by 31-44 % with a simultaneous increase in the performance of the mill for raw materials of various strength classes by 22-57 %. For the industrial tests of the proposed technology, two systems of automatic control of the strength of the comminuted material in the mill have been developed.
{"title":"Controlled cascading waterfall technology of crushing raw materials on the value of its current strongholds","authors":"Murat Adambayev, Algazy Zhauyt, S. Yussupova","doi":"10.21595/jme.2019.20780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2019.20780","url":null,"abstract":"The results of laboratory studies of innovative technology for grinding raw materials are presented. Grinding technology is one of the most energy-intensive industries in the industry. The obtained data confirm the possibility of obtaining breakthrough technical and economic indicators in the implementation of the proposed innovative technology of grinding raw materials in ball mills. The latter is achieved by maintaining in them the optimal trajectories of intra mill loading on the basis of the use of a controlled cascade-waterfall grinding mode, depending on the constantly changing physical and mechanical properties (grind ability, strength) of the ground product. At the same time, the mill effectively implements the most efficient grinding regimes (blow, abrasion, crushing), depending on the current strength of the crushed raw materials. Tests have shown the possibility of reducing the specific energy consumption depending on the strength of the crushed material by 31-44 % with a simultaneous increase in the performance of the mill for raw materials of various strength classes by 22-57 %. For the industrial tests of the proposed technology, two systems of automatic control of the strength of the comminuted material in the mill have been developed.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43125553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of an aging population is becoming increasingly acute in Taiwan; in 2018, seniors comprised over 14 % of the total population. The quality of care for senior citizens hinges on the ability of long-term care facilities to create comfortable living spaces while ensuring energy efficiency by reducing electricity consumption, thereby providing them with an environment for aging in an active and positive way. This study proposes a new heat pump system that offers a cold source in the summer and a heat source in the winter. In addition, the air-conditioning and ventilation rates required for comfort in indoor living spaces are established to ensure the high quality of the care spaces in these types of institutions. The results after installation of the heat pump system were as follows: (1) Performance of the heat pump system: the inlet temperature of the heat pump chilled water was maintained at 7-10 °C, and the outlet temperature, at 42-54 °C. (2) Energy efficiency: Based on a 95 % confidence interval, the average annual electricity consumption was 32.65 kwh/day, which was 32.65 % of the prior consumption level; the reduction of 67.35 % is comparable to those of most heat pump systems. (3) Improvement of the indoor environment: In the hottest scenario, the indoor temperature was reduced by 3 °C and the relative humidity to 55-65 %, which fall within comfortable ranges. After the heat pump system was introduced, significant improvements in ventilation, air quality and comfort were noted, as well as significant improvement in average total satisfaction scores. All improvements reached statistical significance. The overall objective of the system is to enhance the environmental quality in long-term senior care facilities and make them healthier and more energy efficient.
{"title":"Developing new heat pump system to improve indoor living space in senior long-term care house","authors":"Chaoyang Lu, Mingdi Liao, Wen-Chin Lin, W. Sung","doi":"10.21595/jme.2019.20602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2019.20602","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of an aging population is becoming increasingly acute in Taiwan; in 2018, seniors comprised over 14 % of the total population. The quality of care for senior citizens hinges on the ability of long-term care facilities to create comfortable living spaces while ensuring energy efficiency by reducing electricity consumption, thereby providing them with an environment for aging in an active and positive way. This study proposes a new heat pump system that offers a cold source in the summer and a heat source in the winter. In addition, the air-conditioning and ventilation rates required for comfort in indoor living spaces are established to ensure the high quality of the care spaces in these types of institutions. The results after installation of the heat pump system were as follows: (1) Performance of the heat pump system: the inlet temperature of the heat pump chilled water was maintained at 7-10 °C, and the outlet temperature, at 42-54 °C. (2) Energy efficiency: Based on a 95 % confidence interval, the average annual electricity consumption was 32.65 kwh/day, which was 32.65 % of the prior consumption level; the reduction of 67.35 % is comparable to those of most heat pump systems. (3) Improvement of the indoor environment: In the hottest scenario, the indoor temperature was reduced by 3 °C and the relative humidity to 55-65 %, which fall within comfortable ranges. After the heat pump system was introduced, significant improvements in ventilation, air quality and comfort were noted, as well as significant improvement in average total satisfaction scores. All improvements reached statistical significance. The overall objective of the system is to enhance the environmental quality in long-term senior care facilities and make them healthier and more energy efficient.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45658507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human perception of vibration is very subjective parameter which depends among others on age, sex or even nationality. There are three main methods of assessment of human perception of vibration according to national standards which differ from each other. All three methods are clearly described in this paper and their advantages and disadvantages are shown. Evaluation methods are helpful in diagnosis and design of the building when they are used properly. One of interesting aspect of quality of measurements is localization of measurement points. The choice of localization of measurement points could have significant influence on result of evaluation of human response to vibration. International and national standards are compatible in this matter – measurement points should be localized in the place of human vibration perception. It means that should be located in the middle of the floor. Sometimes it is difficult to determine the exact center of the floor, especially when building has irregular construction. In this paper influence of localization of measurement point on human perception of vibration is investigated and center zone in which measurement results are proper is determined. In-situ measurements were made to investigate the problem of localization of human vibration perception in buildings.
{"title":"Influence of location of measurement point on evaluation of human perception of vibration","authors":"A. Kowalska-Koczwara","doi":"10.21595/jme.2019.20761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2019.20761","url":null,"abstract":"Human perception of vibration is very subjective parameter which depends among others on age, sex or even nationality. There are three main methods of assessment of human perception of vibration according to national standards which differ from each other. All three methods are clearly described in this paper and their advantages and disadvantages are shown. Evaluation methods are helpful in diagnosis and design of the building when they are used properly. One of interesting aspect of quality of measurements is localization of measurement points. The choice of localization of measurement points could have significant influence on result of evaluation of human response to vibration. International and national standards are compatible in this matter – measurement points should be localized in the place of human vibration perception. It means that should be located in the middle of the floor. Sometimes it is difficult to determine the exact center of the floor, especially when building has irregular construction. In this paper influence of localization of measurement point on human perception of vibration is investigated and center zone in which measurement results are proper is determined. In-situ measurements were made to investigate the problem of localization of human vibration perception in buildings.","PeriodicalId":42196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurements in Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45199373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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