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Implementation and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Selected Public Services 人工智能在公共服务领域的实施与应用
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.4.2
Nikola Štefanišinová, Nikoleta Jakuš Muthová, Jana Štrangfeldová, Katarína Šulajová
Data-intensive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, imply huge opportunities for transforming the delivery of healthcare and social services, improving people’s quality of life and working in the health and welfare system. The aim of this paper is to present examples of the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques in healthcare and social services and to sketch the trends and challenges in the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques, with an emphasis on the public sector and selected public services. Analysis is based on a realistic assessment of current artificial intelligence technologies and their anticipated development. Besides the benefits and potential opportunities for healthcare and social services, there are also challenges for governments. Understanding the huge potential of artificial intelligence as well as its limitations will be a key step forward, but it is essential to avoid the trap of an overestimation of artificial intelligence potential.
人工智能等数据密集型技术意味着巨大的机会,可以改变医疗保健和社会服务的提供方式,改善人们的生活质量,并在卫生和福利系统中工作。本文的目的是介绍在医疗保健和社会服务领域实施人工智能技术的实例,并概述采用人工智能技术的趋势和挑战,重点是公共部门和选定的公共服务。分析基于对当前人工智能技术及其预期发展的现实评估。除了医疗保健和社会服务的好处和潜在机会之外,政府也面临挑战。了解人工智能的巨大潜力及其局限性将是向前迈出的关键一步,但避免高估人工智能潜力的陷阱至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Poduzetnički inkubatori kao oblik poduzetničke potporne institucije u Hrvatskoj 克罗地亚作为企业支持机构的创业孵化器
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.4.1
Bojan Morić Milovanović, Željka Tutić
Poduzetnički inkubatori jedan su od oblika potpornih institucija razvoja poduzetništva, pri čemu je njihova osnovna svrha poticanje poduzetničkoga okružja i osiguravanje preduvjeta razvoja poduzetnika na određenome području pružanjem raznih usluga. Poduzetnički inkubatori osnivaju se radi dinamiziranja lokalnog i regionalnog ekonomskog razvoja jer su im ciljna skupina poduzeća iz područja njihove županije ili grada. Svrha je ovog rada istražiti ulogu poduzetničkih inkubatora u pružanju potpore malim i srednjim poduzećima u Hrvatskoj. U radu se žele prikazati neke od osnovnih karakteristika poduzetničkih inkubatora, njihove odrednice i prakse poslovanja te istražiti i analizira ti ponuda usluga koje inkubatori pružaju svojim stanarima. Također, u radu se nastoje ustanoviti osnovni ciljevi poslovanja, izvori financiranja te analizirati uspješnost inkubatora. Empirijski podaci prikupljeni su anketnim upitnikom na uzorku od 34 poduzetnička inkubatora, pri čemu je metoda deskriptivne statističke analize korištena radi pružanja potanka opisa trenutačnog stanja, karakteristika te poslovanja poduzetničkih inkubatora u Hrvatskoj.
创业孵化器是创业发展支持机构的一种形式,其主要目的是鼓励创业环境,确保特定地区创业发展的条件,以提供服务。创业孵化器是基于地方和区域经济发展的动态,因为它们是来自其交界处或城市的企业的目标群体。这项工作的目的是探讨创业孵化器在支持克罗地亚中小企业方面的作用。工作中展示了创业孵化器的一些基本特征、其类别和商业实践,并探讨和分析了孵化器为租户提供的服务。它还试图确定企业的基本目标、资金来源,并分析孵化器的成功。实证数据由34家企业孵化器样本收集,使用描述性统计分析方法来支持克罗地亚企业孵化器的现状描述、特征和业务。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Agencies in Creating Network Approach in Higher Education 高等教育机构在网络教学中的作用
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.4.4
Jelena Dujmović Bocka, B. Bakota
An analysis of different aspects regarding the creation of networks within the Croatian higher education system is presented in the paper. The larger part of the paper refers to the analysis of public services in general and the network approach in public administration in particular. The state of the higher education system is presented through the inclusion of market and network principles and the establishment of numerous actors in this field by which effectiveness of this field of public administration is trying to be improved. The aim of the detailed examinations is to pro-vide an overview of all relevant actors whose interactions and roles resemble network-like relationships. To examine the starting hypothesis that neo-managerial approach leads to networking within the higher education system, an empirical study was conducted at the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek, Croatia among the teaching staff and students. The final chapters of the paper present and discuss research results which principally support the initial assumptions.
本文对克罗地亚高等教育系统内建立网络的不同方面进行了分析。本文的大部分内容是对公共服务的总体分析,特别是对公共管理中的网络方法的分析。高等教育制度的状况是通过纳入市场和网络原则以及在这一领域建立众多行动者来呈现的,通过这些行动者,这一公共行政领域的效力正在努力得到改善。详细检查的目的是提供所有相关参与者的概述,他们的相互作用和角色类似于网络关系。为了检验新管理方法导致高等教育系统内部联网的初始假设,在克罗地亚奥西耶克的Josip Juraj Strossmayer大学的教职员工和学生中进行了一项实证研究。论文的最后几章介绍和讨论了主要支持最初假设的研究结果。
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引用次数: 0
Katalonsko pitanje na izborima u studenom 2019. 加泰罗尼亚问题在2019年11月的选举中。
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.3.1
A. Lasica, Višeslav Raos
Porast potpore pokretu za neovisnost u Kataloniji za posljedicu je imao institucijsku nestabilnost i promjenu španjolskoga stranačkog sustava. Ovaj rad istražuje razlike u interpretacijskim okvirima katalonskog pitanja na temelju izjava nacionalnih stranačkih čelnika koji su sudjelovali na četiri predizborna sučeljavanja za parlamentarne izbore u studenom 2019. Interpretacijski okviri definirani su s obzirom na tri pitanja: 1) jesu li nacionalni stranački čelnici u predizbornim sučeljavanjima prikazali katalonski proces (Procés) kao neprijateljski, tj. kao onaj koji ruši ustavni poredak ili kao legitimno pravo građana na prosvjed; 2) kako stranački čelnici uokviruju španjolsku državu – kao izričito unitarnu zemlju ili višenacionalnu državu; 3) smatraju li nacionalni stranački čelnici da su nužne ustavne promjene da bi se riješilo katalonsko pitanje ili preferiraju status quo. Analiza provedena metodom uokvirivanja utvrdila je pet interpretacijskih okvira te pokazala da dva interpretacijska okvira koja podrazumijevaju afirmativno rješavanje katalonskog pitanja dijalogom s katalonskom vladom (Generalitat) uživaju većinu i na sučeljavanjima i nakon izbora.
加泰罗尼亚对独立运动的支持增加,导致了体制的不稳定和西班牙外交制度的变化。这项工作基于参与2019年11月四次选举前选举的国家外国领导人的声明,探讨了目录问题解释框架的差异。解释框架被定义为三个问题:1)国家政党领导人是否将加泰罗尼亚进程视为敌人,即破坏宪法秩序或公民在初步对抗中抗议的合法权利;(2) 外国领导人如何追求西班牙国家,作为一个国家或多民族国家,明确统一;3) 我的国家倾向于现状。通过监督方法进行的分析建立了五个解释框架,并表明这两个解释框架意味着与目录政府(Generality)的目录对话的肯定解决方案,在选举后面临着大部分挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis on Theatres’ Efficiency – Czech and Polish Comparative Case Studies 多准则分析在剧院效率分析中的应用——捷克和波兰的比较案例研究
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.3.5
Jiří Bečica, R. Vavrek, Małgorzata Gałecka, Katarzyna Smolny
Institutions (theatres) evaluated in this paper are mediators of an unrepeatable interpretive art and they need funds from public resources of different government levels to ensure their activities. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the efficiency of theatre management of 93 evaluated public theatres in the Czech Republic and Poland through 11 indicators. The evaluated weights of chosen indicators were determined by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), in combination with the chosen objective method for determining the importance of indicators. From the results it is evident that big multi-genre theatres producing more genres of interpretive art (drama, opera, ballet, musical) with a bigger number of employees had the worst resultsin both states.
本文评估的机构(剧院)是一种不可复制的解释艺术的中介,它们需要来自不同政府级别的公共资源的资金来确保其活动。本文的目的是通过11项指标评估捷克共和国和波兰93家经评估的公共剧院的剧院管理效率。所选指标的评估权重是通过与理想解相似的偏好顺序技术(TOPSIS),结合所选的确定指标重要性的客观方法来确定的。从结果中可以明显看出,在这两个州,生产更多类型解释艺术(戏剧、歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧)、员工人数更多的大型多类型剧院的结果最差。
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引用次数: 0
Coordinated Governance in the VUCA Scenario VUCA场景中的协调治理
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.3.6
Oscar Mauricio Covarrubias Moreno
This article deals with coordination in the study and practice of governance. Facing the new generation of complex public problems will require not only greater coordination, but also coordination that can only be built from a long-term systemic and global vision, based on governments with effective institutional capacity. In other words, internal sufficiency and external connectivity will be two key factors in the new governance. The article is structured in six sections. After the introduction, the second one analyses the concept of governance in terms of coordination. The third reviews the meaning of coordination as management of interdependencies. The fourth explores the increase in complexity and interdependence in the current scenario, through the VUCA concept (English acronym for volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity). The fifth examines some challenges of global governance and coordination through the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it presents some conclusions.
本文论述了治理研究与实践中的协调问题。面对新一代复杂的公共问题,不仅需要更大的协调,而且需要协调,这种协调只能从长期的系统和全球视野出发,建立在政府具有有效机构能力的基础上。换言之,内部充足性和外部连通性将是新治理中的两个关键因素。这篇文章分为六个部分。第二部分从协调的角度分析了治理的概念。第三部分回顾了协调作为相互依存关系管理的意义。第四部分通过VUCA概念(波动性、不确定性、复杂性和歧义的英文缩写)探讨了当前情景中复杂性和相互依存性的增加。第五部分探讨了新冠肺炎大流行期间全球治理和协调方面的一些挑战。最后,给出了一些结论。
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引用次数: 0
Razvoj pravne zaštite građana putem žalbe u upravnom sporu u Hrvatsko
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.3.3
Ana Đanić Čeko
Cilj je rada povijesnopravnom metodom i normativnom analizom propisa koji su bili na snazi od 1874. do 1991. ispitati ulogu i značenje instituta žalbe u upravnom sporu u Hrvatskoj. Uz mogućnost izjavljivanja žalbe vezuje se i pitanje organizacije tijela koja su vodila upravne sporove. Stoga su prikazane organizacija i struktura sudstva nadležnog za vođenje upravnih sporova. Osobit se naglasak stavlja na povijesna razdoblja u razvoju upravnog spora u kojem je postojala mogućnost izjavljivanja žalbe. Normativna je analiza usmjerena na žalbeni postupak, dopuštenost odnosno ograničenja izjavljivanja žalbe te posebice na ovlasti nadležnih sudova pri odlučivanju o žalbi. Svrha je rada uputiti na izvorišne osnove pravnog normiranja žalbe u upravnom sporu te iznijeti specifičnosti i iznimke utvrđene u povijesnom razvoju, a koje mogu poslužiti kao smjernice za daljnji razvoj i povećanje učinkovitosti žalbenog odlučivanja na Visokome upravnom sudu Republike Hrvatske
其目的是采用历史方法和对自1874年以来生效的规则进行规范性分析。1991年。审查申诉制度在克罗地亚行政纠纷中的作用和意义。就投诉而言,涉及行政纠纷的组织。因此,介绍了负责争议管理的司法机构的组织和结构。重点是可能提出申诉的有争议纠纷的发展历史。通常的分析针对的是投诉程序、对投诉陈述的授权或限制,尤其是主管法院在对投诉作出裁决时的权力。这项工作的目的是指出行政纠纷中申诉的法律规范来源,并提出发展史上确立的具体情况和例外情况,这些情况可以作为进一步发展的指导方针,并提高向克罗地亚共和国最高法院提出上诉的效力。
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引用次数: 1
Conflicts in the Nile Basin and the Change of Power Balance 尼罗河流域冲突与权力平衡的变化
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.3.2
D. Malik
Ethiopian–Egyptian relations have seen remarkable tension since Ethiopia began the Renaissance Dam construction in 2011, and tensions have since escalated when Ethiopia announced the filling stage. While Ethiopia defends its project due to its economic importance, Egypt fears its negative effects. The paper discusses the hydro-political differences between the Nile Basin countries, particularly Egypt and Ethiopia, regarding the issue of water sharing and the means of settling it. It also discusses the consequent diplomatic problems and changes in the balance of power in Africa with the rise of Ethiopia as a regional power. The paper has found that the worsening of the Nile Basin situation is a result of the persistence of the conflicting parties and their adherence to their positions with no willingness to make concessions. Given the lack of a comprehensive legal agreement to regulate the exploitation and sharing of Nile water, the only way to put an end to this conflict is through cooperation between all basin countries.
自2011年埃塞俄比亚开始复兴大坝建设以来,埃塞俄比亚与埃及的关系出现了显著的紧张局势,自埃塞俄比亚宣布填筑阶段以来,紧张局势不断升级。虽然埃塞俄比亚因其经济重要性而为其项目辩护,但埃及担心其负面影响。本文讨论了尼罗河流域国家,特别是埃及和埃塞俄比亚在水资源共享问题和解决方法方面的水电政治分歧。文章还讨论了随着埃塞俄比亚作为地区大国的崛起,随之而来的外交问题和非洲力量平衡的变化。该文件发现,尼罗河流域局势的恶化是冲突各方坚持立场、不愿意做出让步的结果。鉴于缺乏一项全面的法律协议来规范尼罗河水的开采和共享,结束这场冲突的唯一途径是所有流域国家之间的合作。
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引用次数: 0
Petty Offences in Poland Between Criminal Law and Administrative Law 波兰刑法与行政法之间的轻罪
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.3.4
M. Kulik, Maciej Błotnicki
This paper provides a commentary on the evolution and position of petty offence law in the Polish legal system. For the sake of order, it should be noted that the nature of petty offences is ambiguous and not one-dimensional. Their status and role depend on the assumptions of the legislator, who may emphasise their various aspects. A petty offence may be an element of criminal law in the broad sense, as a “small crime” or an administrative tort. More-over, the development of Polish petty offence law and the arguments supporting the choice of specific legal solutions are presented. The probable future of Polish petty offence law was also indicated, aiming at the conclusion that the most serious petty offences would become crimes, and the rest would become administrative torts.
本文评述了轻罪法在波兰法律体系中的演变和地位。为了秩序起见,应当指出,轻微犯罪的性质是模糊的,而不是一维的。他们的地位和作用取决于立法者的假设,立法者可能会强调他们的各个方面。轻微犯罪可能是广义刑法的一个要素,如“轻微犯罪”或行政侵权行为。此外,还介绍了波兰轻罪法的发展以及支持选择具体法律解决方案的论点。还指出了波兰轻罪法的可能未来,目的是得出这样的结论:最严重的轻罪将成为犯罪,其余的将成为行政侵权。
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引用次数: 1
Citizens’ Perception of Corruption and Transparency as Determinants of Public Trust in Local Government in Ukraine 乌克兰公民对腐败和透明度的看法是公众对地方政府信任的决定因素
IF 0.4 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.31297/hkju.21.2.2
Stanislav Rieznik, Hwan-Beom Lee
Trust in government plays an essential role in ensuring the legitimacy and resilience of a country’s political system. The aim of this study is to examine the perceived levels of corruption and transparency as factors influencing trust in local government, as well as the relationships between them, by obtaining a statistical generalisation of the respondents’ (n=403) attitudes and opinions towards the local government of one of the recently formed amalgamated territorial communities in Ukraine. The regression-based bootstrapping approach was applied to test the conceptual model and hypotheses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 software. The results of the study demonstrate the complex nature of the relationship between the variables and highlight some important issues regarding the perception of transparency, the role it plays in curbing corruption and improving public confidence in local government, which provides a basis for further systematic research on this topic.
对政府的信任在确保一个国家政治制度的合法性和弹性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是通过获得受访者(n=403)对乌克兰最近成立的合并领土社区之一的地方政府的态度和意见的统计概括,来检查腐败和透明度作为影响对地方政府信任的因素的感知水平,以及它们之间的关系。采用基于回归的自举方法,利用SPSS 25.0软件对概念模型和假设进行检验。研究结果显示了变量之间关系的复杂性,并突出了透明度感知及其在遏制腐败和提高公众对地方政府信心中的作用等一些重要问题,为进一步系统研究这一主题提供了基础。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Croatian and Comparative Public Administration
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