The problem of asylum seekers is still a major concern worldwide, including for the transiting countries like Turkey, which hosted more than 4 million asylum seekers in its territory. The main question is, how long is this going to continue? To answer that question, understanding what Iranian asylum seekers want is also very important, in order to define a long-term solution. Based on the data analysis in the paper, most of the refugees who have already settled in Turkey for more than 3 years, mostly want to join the programme of resettlement to several refugee recipient countries, such as Canada and the European Union (EU), conducted by the UNHCR. However, there are some obstacles for them to successfully be admitted in the resettlement programme. First, the acceptance rate is very low, under 5% yearly, and the required processing time is sometimes more than five years. The proposed solution is to open access to education for Iranian refugees and implement the EU Blue Card for the refugees and asylum seekers to resettle them voluntarily to EU territory. Hopefully, that legal solution can become a long-term solution for Iranian asylum seekers and refugees who are to this day still struggling in the Turkish territory.
{"title":"Understanding Iranian Refugee Discourse in Turkey on Twitter by Using Social Network Analysis","authors":"M. Bahri","doi":"10.31297/hkju.23.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.23.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of asylum seekers is still a major concern worldwide, including for the transiting countries like Turkey, which hosted more than 4 million asylum seekers in its territory. The main question is, how long is this going to continue? To answer that question, understanding what Iranian asylum seekers want is also very important, in order to define a long-term solution. Based on the data analysis in the paper, most of the refugees who have already settled in Turkey for more than 3 years, mostly want to join the programme of resettlement to several refugee recipient countries, such as Canada and the European Union (EU), conducted by the UNHCR. However, there are some obstacles for them to successfully be admitted in the resettlement programme. First, the acceptance rate is very low, under 5% yearly, and the required processing time is sometimes more than five years. The proposed solution is to open access to education for Iranian refugees and implement the EU Blue Card for the refugees and asylum seekers to resettle them voluntarily to EU territory. Hopefully, that legal solution can become a long-term solution for Iranian asylum seekers and refugees who are to this day still struggling in the Turkish territory.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48065126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary aim of the paper is to explore whether the public consultation system in Kosovo enables respective stakeholders to contribute and protect their interests during the process of drafting government policies and legislation. Based on the analysis of Kosovo’s legal framework in place, and findings from the empirical research with CSOs, we can conclude that Kosovo has undertaken substantial legislative steps and introduced new tools and guidelines to improve the public consultation system at the central and municipal level of government. Therefore, from the legal point of view, minimum standards for the consultation process are established under Kosovo’s legal framework. Considering the role of civil society organisations and their influence on policymaking in Kosovo, particular attention has been paid to the CSOs’ perception of this issue. The analysis of a sample of documents and CSOs’ responses reveals concerns on whether stakeholders are enabled to contribute to the drafting of policies and legislation. A major issue of concern with regard to the effectiveness of the current consultation system in Kosovo is the low response rate from stakeholders as compared to the number of documents open to consultation. The study demonstrates a lack of clarity about how institutions select, invite and involve stakeholders, whether they select the appropriate stakeholders to participate in the drafting and consultation process, and whether sufficient information and feedback is provided to them about the individual consultations.
{"title":"Public Consultation in Kosovo","authors":"Ruzhdi Halili, Qerkin Berisha","doi":"10.31297/hkju.23.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.23.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of the paper is to explore whether the public consultation system in Kosovo enables respective stakeholders to contribute and protect their interests during the process of drafting government policies and legislation. Based on the analysis of Kosovo’s legal framework in place, and findings from the empirical research with CSOs, we can conclude that Kosovo has undertaken substantial legislative steps and introduced new tools and guidelines to improve the public consultation system at the central and municipal level of government. Therefore, from the legal point of view, minimum standards for the consultation process are established under Kosovo’s legal framework. Considering the role of civil society organisations and their influence on policymaking in Kosovo, particular attention has been paid to the CSOs’ perception of this issue. The analysis of a sample of documents and CSOs’ responses reveals concerns on whether stakeholders are enabled to contribute to the drafting of policies and legislation. A major issue of concern with regard to the effectiveness of the current consultation system in Kosovo is the low response rate from stakeholders as compared to the number of documents open to consultation. The study demonstrates a lack of clarity about how institutions select, invite and involve stakeholders, whether they select the appropriate stakeholders to participate in the drafting and consultation process, and whether sufficient information and feedback is provided to them about the individual consultations.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46629278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prohibition of conflict of interest prevents abuses of the rule of law in modern constitutional democracies. As a result, is ensures that persons working in state institutions do not use their posts and functions for private gain. The experience from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) illustrates that state authorities have in the past faced challenges in how to internalise the prohibition of conflict of interest. Literature from CEE on the prohibition of conflict of interest has been scarse. Consequently, this paper aims to address this gap by examining the experience of the Slovenian state in coping with the risks arising from conflict of interest. It discusses and analyses on one hand theoretical and normative underpinnings of the prohibition of conflict of interest in the Slovenian, European and international frameworks. On the other hand, it examines the recent practice of administrative and judicial bodies concerning the prohibition of conflict of interest. It finds that normative frameworks in the Slovenian constitutional framework have been reformed in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still a risk of potential and actual conflict of interest for the implementation of the rule of law in state institutions. The normative prohibition appears not to have been fully internalised in the practice of state institutions. As a result, the authors submit that state institutions should not turn a blind eye to the risk of conflict of interest in order to show willingness to strengthen the rule of law in the Slovenian constitutional democracy. The Slovenian normative and empirical experience shows lessons that can be taken up in the constitutional democracies of Central and Eastern Europe experiencing similar challenges.
{"title":"Responding to the Conflict of Interest Risks in Central and Eastern Europe: Case of Slovenia","authors":"Jernej Letnar Černič, P. Kovač","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Prohibition of conflict of interest prevents abuses of the rule of law in modern constitutional democracies. As a result, is ensures that persons working in state institutions do not use their posts and functions for private gain. The experience from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) illustrates that state authorities have in the past faced challenges in how to internalise the prohibition of conflict of interest. Literature from CEE on the prohibition of conflict of interest has been scarse. Consequently, this paper aims to address this gap by examining the experience of the Slovenian state in coping with the risks arising from conflict of interest. It discusses and analyses on one hand theoretical and normative underpinnings of the prohibition of conflict of interest in the Slovenian, European and international frameworks. On the other hand, it examines the recent practice of administrative and judicial bodies concerning the prohibition of conflict of interest. It finds that normative frameworks in the Slovenian constitutional framework have been reformed in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still a risk of potential and actual conflict of interest for the implementation of the rule of law in state institutions. The normative prohibition appears not to have been fully internalised in the practice of state institutions. As a result, the authors submit that state institutions should not turn a blind eye to the risk of conflict of interest in order to show willingness to strengthen the rule of law in the Slovenian constitutional democracy. The Slovenian normative and empirical experience shows lessons that can be taken up in the constitutional democracies of Central and Eastern Europe experiencing similar challenges.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46626051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cilj je rada dati početne uvide u koherentnost hrvatskih javnih politika eksplorativnom analizom triju strateških dokumenata: Nove boje znanja – Strategija obrazovanja, znanosti i tehnologije, Nacionalni program za mlade za razdoblje od 2014. do 2017. godine i Nacionalna strategija poticanja čitanja za razdoblje od 2017. do 2022. godine. Analizom je utvrđeno da je tematska srodnost pojedinih dokumenata snažna podloga za postizanje širokog opsega koherentnosti, da usmjerenost na bliske ciljane skupine doprinosi koherentnosti te da usmjerenost dokumenta na specifičan problem rezultira manjim opsegom koherentnosti. Temeljni je nalaz da se koherentnost očituje u potkategorijama sektorski orijentiranih i vrijednosno orijentiranih ciljeva gdje se ostvaruje većina podudarnosti triju dokumenata. Moguće je zaključiti da je za uočavanje svih nijansi koherentnosti važno koristiti se kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom analizom. Na konceptualnoj razini pokazalo se da je koherentnost višedimenzijska te se njezino nijansiranje najbolje može predočiti kontinuumom koji pokazuje kako koherentnost varira od faze formulacije do faze implementacije.
{"title":"Koherentnost ciljeva strateških dokumenata u Hrvatskoj","authors":"Nikola Baketa","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj je rada dati početne uvide u koherentnost hrvatskih javnih politika eksplorativnom analizom triju strateških dokumenata: Nove boje znanja – Strategija obrazovanja, znanosti i tehnologije, Nacionalni program za mlade za razdoblje od 2014. do 2017. godine i Nacionalna strategija poticanja čitanja za razdoblje od 2017. do 2022. godine. Analizom je utvrđeno da je tematska srodnost pojedinih dokumenata snažna podloga za postizanje širokog opsega koherentnosti, da usmjerenost na bliske ciljane skupine doprinosi koherentnosti te da usmjerenost dokumenta na specifičan problem rezultira manjim opsegom koherentnosti. Temeljni je nalaz da se koherentnost očituje u potkategorijama sektorski orijentiranih i vrijednosno orijentiranih ciljeva gdje se ostvaruje većina podudarnosti triju dokumenata. Moguće je zaključiti da je za uočavanje svih nijansi koherentnosti važno koristiti se kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom analizom. Na konceptualnoj razini pokazalo se da je koherentnost višedimenzijska te se njezino nijansiranje najbolje može predočiti kontinuumom koji pokazuje kako koherentnost varira od faze formulacije do faze implementacije.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42634022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uspješnost javnih politika nerijetko se procjenjuje na temelju njihovih ishoda, što podrazumijeva ocjenu djelotvornosti u postizanju zadanih ciljeva. Međutim, važna karika u uzročnom lancu koji povezuje društvene probleme s jedne strane i rezultate s druge strane jest upravljanje procesom stvaranja javnih politika. Prepoznajući važnost procesnog aspekta političkog odlučivanja za uspješnost javnih politika, rad nastoji otkriti koje vrste upravljačkih prioriteta postoje u Hrvatskoj. Na temelju tematske analize procesnih ciljeva javnih politika u 11 hrvatskih strateških dokumenata, rad pokazuje kako dokumenti predviđaju niz upravljačkih zadaća počevši od donošenja temeljnih konstitutivnih odluka o osnovnim načelima i strukturama za stvaranje javnih politika, preko aktivnosti kojima se usmjerava oblikovanje politikâ pa sve do praktičnog upravljanja procesom provedbe planiranih aktivnosti. U dokumentima hrvatskih javnih politika, pritom, znatno dominira potonji skup aktivnosti pa najveći broj procesnih ciljeva kao prioritete postavlja one vezane uz osiguranje uvjeta i operativnih procedura za provedbu politikâ te upravljanje međuorganizacijskim i međuljudskim odnosima.
{"title":"Upravljački prioriteti političkog odlučivanja: analiza procesnih ciljeva hrvatskih javnih politika","authors":"Anna Kekez, Mario Munta","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Uspješnost javnih politika nerijetko se procjenjuje na temelju njihovih ishoda, što podrazumijeva ocjenu djelotvornosti u postizanju zadanih ciljeva. Međutim, važna karika u uzročnom lancu koji povezuje društvene probleme s jedne strane i rezultate s druge strane jest upravljanje procesom stvaranja javnih politika. Prepoznajući važnost procesnog aspekta političkog odlučivanja za uspješnost javnih politika, rad nastoji otkriti koje vrste upravljačkih prioriteta postoje u Hrvatskoj. Na temelju tematske analize procesnih ciljeva javnih politika u 11 hrvatskih strateških dokumenata, rad pokazuje kako dokumenti predviđaju niz upravljačkih zadaća počevši od donošenja temeljnih konstitutivnih odluka o osnovnim načelima i strukturama za stvaranje javnih politika, preko aktivnosti kojima se usmjerava oblikovanje politikâ pa sve do praktičnog upravljanja procesom provedbe planiranih aktivnosti. U dokumentima hrvatskih javnih politika, pritom, znatno dominira potonji skup aktivnosti pa najveći broj procesnih ciljeva kao prioritete postavlja one vezane uz osiguranje uvjeta i operativnih procedura za provedbu politikâ te upravljanje međuorganizacijskim i međuljudskim odnosima.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48028977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
his article focuses on a review of literature on the impacts of budget/fiscal transparency on economic and political outcomes. It also considers the definitions and measurements of budget/fiscal transparency indices used in the literature reviewed – thirty-seven papers published in English, online, during the 2000–2021 period. The reviewed papers mostly deal with budget transparency at the national (central) government level, probably due to the problems of measurement at subnational – state, provincial, regional, local – government levels. Tables 1 and 2 systematise the economic and political outcomes and their various measures found in the reviewed literature, and the possibility of using them in further research. Among economic variables, the most pronounced impact is on government budget balance, debt, and expenditures. Governments with higher budget transparency are associated with better budget balance, credit ratings, budget estimation and forecasting, as well as with higher expenditures and revenues, underestimation of revenues and expenditures, lower borrowing costs, government debt, and inflation. The highest proven political impact of budget transparency is on corruption. Governments with higher levels of budget transparency are perceived as less corrupt, i.e. having better control of corruption, as well as higher government quality, effectiveness, and spending efficiency. Moreover, they have more popular governors and higher public participation.
{"title":"Impacts of Budget Transparency on Economic and Political Outcomes","authors":"Simona Prijaković","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"his article focuses on a review of literature on the impacts of budget/fiscal transparency on economic and political outcomes. It also considers the definitions and measurements of budget/fiscal transparency indices used in the literature reviewed – thirty-seven papers published in English, online, during the 2000–2021 period. The reviewed papers mostly deal with budget transparency at the national (central) government level, probably due to the problems of measurement at subnational – state, provincial, regional, local – government levels. Tables 1 and 2 systematise the economic and political outcomes and their various measures found in the reviewed literature, and the possibility of using them in further research. Among economic variables, the most pronounced impact is on government budget balance, debt, and expenditures. Governments with higher budget transparency are associated with better budget balance, credit ratings, budget estimation and forecasting, as well as with higher expenditures and revenues, underestimation of revenues and expenditures, lower borrowing costs, government debt, and inflation. The highest proven political impact of budget transparency is on corruption. Governments with higher levels of budget transparency are perceived as less corrupt, i.e. having better control of corruption, as well as higher government quality, effectiveness, and spending efficiency. Moreover, they have more popular governors and higher public participation.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44161334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalisation and cross-border movement of persons and capital have placed new challenges before national tax systems as well as international taxation. Over the past 20 years there has been an unprecedented development of exchange of information, a previously ancillary instrument which has developed into a widely accepted global means of fighting tax evasion. Exchange of information has evolved from an instrument of limited scope used for the implementation of tax treaty provisions to a sophisticated system of automatic information exchange encompassing a vast majority of countries, including infamous tax havens. The notions of tax secrecy and tax transparency have undergone a re-evaluation process, resulting in new global paradigms directed at unveiling previously secret transactions. Banking secrecy has been abolished even in countries with a strong tradition thereof. As some time has passed since the introduction of the latest global standard of the automatic exchange of information, this paper reflects on the most important aspects of exchange of information, regulated by tax treaties: the OECD’s CRS, EU’s DAC, and FATCA. Following a theoretical introduction, which provides a historical and comparative overview of information exchange instruments, the paper presents the practical results of the implementation. Findings of the evaluation of the instrument conducted by key international stakeholders are accompanied by available statistical information, depicting to what extent it has been helpful in preventing tax evasion in Croatia and Slovenia and in recovering lost public revenues. The paper results in identifying the shortcomings of national applications, based on best global practices and statistical data as well as providing tax authorities with recommendations for the improvement of exchanging information. As the system is still in a rather early stage of implementation, the paper presents the current tax administration involvement in exchanging information, which will enable further evaluations in future stages of implementation of the instrument.
{"title":"Exchange of Information in Tax Matters","authors":"Irena Klemenčić, Maja Klun","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Globalisation and cross-border movement of persons and capital have placed new challenges before national tax systems as well as international taxation. Over the past 20 years there has been an unprecedented development of exchange of information, a previously ancillary instrument which has developed into a widely accepted global means of fighting tax evasion. Exchange of information has evolved from an instrument of limited scope used for the implementation of tax treaty provisions to a sophisticated system of automatic information exchange encompassing a vast majority of countries, including infamous tax havens. The notions of tax secrecy and tax transparency have undergone a re-evaluation process, resulting in new global paradigms directed at unveiling previously secret transactions. Banking secrecy has been abolished even in countries with a strong tradition thereof. As some time has passed since the introduction of the latest global standard of the automatic exchange of information, this paper reflects on the most important aspects of exchange of information, regulated by tax treaties: the OECD’s CRS, EU’s DAC, and FATCA. Following a theoretical introduction, which provides a historical and comparative overview of information exchange instruments, the paper presents the practical results of the implementation. Findings of the evaluation of the instrument conducted by key international stakeholders are accompanied by available statistical information, depicting to what extent it has been helpful in preventing tax evasion in Croatia and Slovenia and in recovering lost public revenues. The paper results in identifying the shortcomings of national applications, based on best global practices and statistical data as well as providing tax authorities with recommendations for the improvement of exchanging information. As the system is still in a rather early stage of implementation, the paper presents the current tax administration involvement in exchanging information, which will enable further evaluations in future stages of implementation of the instrument.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49516043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svrha je rada opisati obilježja ciljeva hrvatske sigurnosne politike kako bi se odredilo u kojoj se mjeri transformiraju u skladu sa suvremenim trendovima. Rad kombinira teoriju javnih politika i sigurnosne studije. Istraživanje je utemeljeno na kvalitativnoj analizi sadržaja pet strateških dokumenata hrvatske vlasti putem kategorija koje se odnose na tematsku dimenziju ciljeva, ali i na njihovu općenitost, razinu na koju se usmjeravaju, prioritet te tip razumijevanja sigurnosti koji ih karakterizira. Glavni je nalaz rada da su ciljevi hrvatske sigurnosne politike vrlo raznoliki te da njihova raznovrsnost tijekom vremena raste. Na temelju nalaza može se istaknuti da hrvatska sigurnosna politika ima višesektorski i višerazinski pristup, barem prema ciljevima, te je time u skladu sa suvremenim trendovima. No nalazi pokazuju i da je hrvatska sigurnosna politika u aspektu svojih ciljeva loše operacionalizirana, da je obilježena niskom kvalitetom javnopolitičkog dizajna, što je prepreka u implementaciji višesektorskog karaktera hrvatske sigurnosne politike.
{"title":"Analiza ciljeva hrvatske sigurnosne politike","authors":"Borna Zgurić, Ana Petek","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Svrha je rada opisati obilježja ciljeva hrvatske sigurnosne politike kako bi se odredilo u kojoj se mjeri transformiraju u skladu sa suvremenim trendovima. Rad kombinira teoriju javnih politika i sigurnosne studije. Istraživanje je utemeljeno na kvalitativnoj analizi sadržaja pet strateških dokumenata hrvatske vlasti putem kategorija koje se odnose na tematsku dimenziju ciljeva, ali i na njihovu općenitost, razinu na koju se usmjeravaju, prioritet te tip razumijevanja sigurnosti koji ih karakterizira. Glavni je nalaz rada da su ciljevi hrvatske sigurnosne politike vrlo raznoliki te da njihova raznovrsnost tijekom vremena raste. Na temelju nalaza može se istaknuti da hrvatska sigurnosna politika ima višesektorski i višerazinski pristup, barem prema ciljevima, te je time u skladu sa suvremenim trendovima. No nalazi pokazuju i da je hrvatska sigurnosna politika u aspektu svojih ciljeva loše operacionalizirana, da je obilježena niskom kvalitetom javnopolitičkog dizajna, što je prepreka u implementaciji višesektorskog karaktera hrvatske sigurnosne politike.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the paper is to understand the impact of the pandemic on the labour market, as well as the measures taken by the Government to address the challenges of the pandemic in the labour market in Kosovo. In that respect, the paper provides experiences from other countries regarding the measures taken by the state administration to maintain the level of employment through support for employers to keep their employees, as well as through support for the employees who have lost their jobs. The paper also provides detailed information about the statistical and administrative data on the key labour market indicators in Kosovo, as well as information about two packages approved by the Government, the fiscal package and the package for economic recovery. Several conclusions have been made: the pandemic has had a significant impact on the labour market in Kosovo; the Government of Kosovo has drafted and approved two packages in order to support employment; however, the number of people who have benefited from these measures is small compared to the needs.
{"title":"State Administration and Managing the Effects of the Pandemic on the Labour Market in Kosovo","authors":"Ylber Aliu","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to understand the impact of the pandemic on the labour market, as well as the measures taken by the Government to address the challenges of the pandemic in the labour market in Kosovo. In that respect, the paper provides experiences from other countries regarding the measures taken by the state administration to maintain the level of employment through support for employers to keep their employees, as well as through support for the employees who have lost their jobs. The paper also provides detailed information about the statistical and administrative data on the key labour market indicators in Kosovo, as well as information about two packages approved by the Government, the fiscal package and the package for economic recovery. Several conclusions have been made: the pandemic has had a significant impact on the labour market in Kosovo; the Government of Kosovo has drafted and approved two packages in order to support employment; however, the number of people who have benefited from these measures is small compared to the needs.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper summarises and analyses the development of the public administration system in Ethiopia under three different regimes. The research mainly follows the traditional legal and administrative history approach methodology, focusing on the most significant historical, political, and legislative events (e.g. adoptions of constitutions) of the given eras, drawing attention to the main problems and reviewing them critically. Under Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974), Ethiopia was a centralised unitary state in the form of a feudal authoritarian monarchy. During the Derg regime (1974–1991), it remained a centralised unitary state, but with the concept of socialism, the military junta concentrated the power in their hands. The different government and administrative systems are characterized by weak and strong political, economic, and social achievements. Among these is a lack of good governance, human rights violations, weak institutional capacities, low citizen participation, and an (in)appropriate public administration system. These brought the nationality question to the forefront. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF, 1991–2019) established a decentralised federation, whereby parliamentary democracy guarantees a separation of powers with checks and balances and acknowledges the rights and self-determination of different ethnicities. In 2019 the EPRDF was dissolved and transformed into the Prosperity Party (PP). The reform forced the resignation of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the ruling party in the Tigray Region, and as a result, the EPRDF split into PP and TPLF. Meanwhile, public administration transformed from a monarchial administrative system into a weak public administration with poorly functioning state agencies; finally, the present system works under western influences. To mitigate these problems, institutional reforms, effective and efficient use of modern technologies, and inter-institutional cooperation play essential roles in improving the public administration system.
{"title":"Public Administration Developments in Ethiopia Under Three Different Regimes","authors":"L. Vértesy, Teketel Bekalo Lemango","doi":"10.31297/hkju.22.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarises and analyses the development of the public administration system in Ethiopia under three different regimes. The research mainly follows the traditional legal and administrative history approach methodology, focusing on the most significant historical, political, and legislative events (e.g. adoptions of constitutions) of the given eras, drawing attention to the main problems and reviewing them critically. Under Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974), Ethiopia was a centralised unitary state in the form of a feudal authoritarian monarchy. During the Derg regime (1974–1991), it remained a centralised unitary state, but with the concept of socialism, the military junta concentrated the power in their hands. The different government and administrative systems are characterized by weak and strong political, economic, and social achievements. Among these is a lack of good governance, human rights violations, weak institutional capacities, low citizen participation, and an (in)appropriate public administration system. These brought the nationality question to the forefront. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF, 1991–2019) established a decentralised federation, whereby parliamentary democracy guarantees a separation of powers with checks and balances and acknowledges the rights and self-determination of different ethnicities. In 2019 the EPRDF was dissolved and transformed into the Prosperity Party (PP). The reform forced the resignation of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the ruling party in the Tigray Region, and as a result, the EPRDF split into PP and TPLF. Meanwhile, public administration transformed from a monarchial administrative system into a weak public administration with poorly functioning state agencies; finally, the present system works under western influences. To mitigate these problems, institutional reforms, effective and efficient use of modern technologies, and inter-institutional cooperation play essential roles in improving the public administration system.","PeriodicalId":42223,"journal":{"name":"Croatian and Comparative Public Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42173148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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