Author(s): Jaller, Miguel | Abstract: California has set goals for transitioning the freight sector to near-zero-emission and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). California offers several incentive programs to encourage adoption of ZEVs, but purchase decisions are driven by complex factors beyond simple purchase price. Understanding the behaviors and attitudes of freight stakeholders toward ZEVs can inform the design of more effective incentive programs to meet California’s goals. Researchers at the University of California, Davis deployed a stated-preference survey of fleet and carrier companies to collect information about vehicle purchase preferences and how they might be influenced by various incentive programs.nThis policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications.View the NCST Project Webpage
摘要:美国加利福尼亚州制定了货运行业向近零排放和零排放车辆(ZEVs)转型的目标。加州提供了一些鼓励采用zev的激励计划，但购买决定是由复杂的因素驱动的，而不仅仅是购买价格。了解货运利益相关者对zev的行为和态度可以为设计更有效的激励计划提供信息，以实现加州的目标。加州大学戴维斯分校(University of California, Davis)的研究人员对车队和运输公司进行了一项州级偏好调查，以收集有关车辆购买偏好的信息，以及各种激励计划对这些偏好的影响。本政策摘要总结了该研究的结果，并提供了政策含义。查看NCST项目网页
{"title":"Costs, Reliability, Vehicle Characteristics, and Incentives are the Top Factors Influencing Freight Vehicle Technology Choices","authors":"M. Jaller","doi":"10.7922/G2WD3XV1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7922/G2WD3XV1","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Jaller, Miguel | Abstract: California has set goals for transitioning the freight sector to near-zero-emission and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). California offers several incentive programs to encourage adoption of ZEVs, but purchase decisions are driven by complex factors beyond simple purchase price. Understanding the behaviors and attitudes of freight stakeholders toward ZEVs can inform the design of more effective incentive programs to meet California’s goals. Researchers at the University of California, Davis deployed a stated-preference survey of fleet and carrier companies to collect information about vehicle purchase preferences and how they might be influenced by various incentive programs.nThis policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications.View the NCST Project Webpage","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128275885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates whether three microeconomic loan characteristics are sources of loan default clustering in the Mexican banking sector by employing survival analysis with frailty. Using a large sample of bank loan level data granted to micro, small and medium sized firms from January 2010 to 2018, we test whether classifying loans by the bank's systemic importance, industry or at individual firm level enhances the predictions of loans defaults. Our results show that loans granted by Domestic Systemically Important Banks contribute to the default clustering in micro and small firm loans. This is due to aggregate default rate levels and clusters that are large for these firms loans compared with loans provided to medium-sized firms. These findings have important implications for bank's expected loss management related to the correlated loan default risk
{"title":"Exploring the sources of loan default clustering using survival analysis with frailty","authors":"Enrique Eugenio Batiz‐Zuk, Abdulkadir Mohamed, Fátima Sánchez‐Cajal","doi":"10.36095/banxico/di.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether three microeconomic loan characteristics are sources of loan default clustering in the Mexican banking sector by employing survival analysis with frailty. Using a large sample of bank loan level data granted to micro, small and medium sized firms from January 2010 to 2018, we test whether classifying loans by the bank's systemic importance, industry or at individual firm level enhances the predictions of loans defaults. Our results show that loans granted by Domestic Systemically Important Banks contribute to the default clustering in micro and small firm loans. This is due to aggregate default rate levels and clusters that are large for these firms loans compared with loans provided to medium-sized firms. These findings have important implications for bank's expected loss management related to the correlated loan default risk","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-015
K. V. Hedel, H. Moustgaard, M. Myrskylä, P. Martikainen
Better mental health is observed among women with a partner, children, or employment as compared with women without a partner, children, or employment, respectively. Moreover, women who fulfill all three roles are generally healthier than those with fewer roles. Because of significant changes in work-family life constellations over age, understanding these health differentials requires a life course approach. We linked work-family trajectories to mental health in mid-life for Finnish women using longitudinal registry data. Panel data from an 11% random sample of the population residing in Finland in any year between 1987 and 2007 and followed up until 2013 were used. Work-family combinations were based on partnership status, motherhood status, and employment status. Purchases of prescribed psychotropic medication were used as a measure of mental health. We used sequence analysis to identify 7 distinct groups of women based on their work-family trajectories between ages 20 to 42 years. The associations of typologies of trajectories with mental health at age 43 years were estimated with logistic regression models. Compared to employed mothers with a partner, all other women were more likely to have purchased any psychotropic medication at age 43; especially women without a partner, children or employment and lone mothers had worse mental health. These disadvantages remained after controlling for psychotropic medication purchases earlier in life (to account for potential health selection). Adjusting for age at motherhood did not contribute to the better mental health of employed mothers with a partner. Women combining partnership, motherhood, and employment during early working ages had better mental health later in life than women with other work-family trajectories even after adjusting for mental health earlier in life. Interventions to improve the mental health of women living alone in mid-life, including lone mothers, and individuals without employment, may be needed. Keywords: Work-family life; Mental health; Finland; Life course approach; Sequence analysis; Psychotropic medication use
{"title":"Work-family typologies and mental health among women in early working ages","authors":"K. V. Hedel, H. Moustgaard, M. Myrskylä, P. Martikainen","doi":"10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-015","url":null,"abstract":"Better mental health is observed among women with a partner, children, or employment as compared with women without a partner, children, or employment, respectively. Moreover, women who fulfill all three roles are generally healthier than those with fewer roles. Because of significant changes in work-family life constellations over age, understanding these health differentials requires a life course approach. We linked work-family trajectories to mental health in mid-life for Finnish women using longitudinal registry data. Panel data from an 11% random sample of the population residing in Finland in any year between 1987 and 2007 and followed up until 2013 were used. Work-family combinations were based on partnership status, motherhood status, and employment status. Purchases of prescribed psychotropic medication were used as a measure of mental health. We used sequence analysis to identify 7 distinct groups of women based on their work-family trajectories between ages 20 to 42 years. The associations of typologies of trajectories with mental health at age 43 years were estimated with logistic regression models. Compared to employed mothers with a partner, all other women were more likely to have purchased any psychotropic medication at age 43; especially women without a partner, children or employment and lone mothers had worse mental health. These disadvantages remained after controlling for psychotropic medication purchases earlier in life (to account for potential health selection). Adjusting for age at motherhood did not contribute to the better mental health of employed mothers with a partner. Women combining partnership, motherhood, and employment during early working ages had better mental health later in life than women with other work-family trajectories even after adjusting for mental health earlier in life. Interventions to improve the mental health of women living alone in mid-life, including lone mothers, and individuals without employment, may be needed. Keywords: Work-family life; Mental health; Finland; Life course approach; Sequence analysis; Psychotropic medication use","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129429707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an invited chapter for the forthcoming Volume 4 of the Handbook of Industrial Organization. We summarize the state of the literature on the economics of innovation and highlight open policy questions. We first articulate the key market failures in markets for innovation, and then discuss how both scientific norms and market-oriented policies help overcome those market failures. We close by discussing recent work on the diffusion of inventions as well as on the links between innovation and inequality.
{"title":"Innovation: Market Failures and Public Policies","authors":"K. Bryan, Heidi L. Williams","doi":"10.3386/w29173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w29173","url":null,"abstract":"This is an invited chapter for the forthcoming Volume 4 of the Handbook of Industrial Organization. We summarize the state of the literature on the economics of innovation and highlight open policy questions. We first articulate the key market failures in markets for innovation, and then discuss how both scientific norms and market-oriented policies help overcome those market failures. We close by discussing recent work on the diffusion of inventions as well as on the links between innovation and inequality.","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130197565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17185/DUEPUBLICO/74712
Martin Fischer, M. Karlsson, Nikolaos Prodromidis
This paper analyzes the long‐term effects on mortality and socio‐economic outcomes from institutional delivery. We exploit two Swedish interventions that affected the costs of hospital deliveries and the supply of maternity wards during the 1926–46 period. Using exogenous variation in the supply of maternity wards to instrument the likelihood of institutional delivery, we find that delivery in hospital has substantial effects on later‐life outcomes such as education and mortality. We argue that a decrease in child morbidity due to better treatment of complications is a likely mechanism. This interpretation is corroborated by evidence from primary school performance, showing a large reduction in the probability of low performance. In contrast to an immediate and large take‐up in hospital deliveries as response to an increase in the supply, we find no increase in hospital births from the abolishment of fees – but some degree of displacement of high‐SES parents.
{"title":"Long‐term Effects of Hospital DeliveriesThe","authors":"Martin Fischer, M. Karlsson, Nikolaos Prodromidis","doi":"10.17185/DUEPUBLICO/74712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17185/DUEPUBLICO/74712","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the long‐term effects on mortality and socio‐economic outcomes from institutional delivery. We exploit two Swedish interventions that affected the costs of hospital deliveries and the supply of maternity wards during the 1926–46 period. Using exogenous variation in the supply of maternity wards to instrument the likelihood of institutional delivery, we find that delivery in hospital has substantial effects on later‐life outcomes such as education and mortality. We argue that a decrease in child morbidity due to better treatment of complications is a likely mechanism. This interpretation is corroborated by evidence from primary school performance, showing a large reduction in the probability of low performance. In contrast to an immediate and large take‐up in hospital deliveries as response to an increase in the supply, we find no increase in hospital births from the abolishment of fees – but some degree of displacement of high‐SES parents.","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121906912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.48374/IMIST.PRSM/AME-V3I3.27421
Zineb Debbagh, H. Azouaoui
Events are recognized as catalysts for tourism development and enhancing the image of the destination. Indeed destination marketers view the use of events as territorial marketing tools that contribute to the future success of the destination. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical understanding and empirical examination of the impact of event image on destination image. We mobilize the theory of image transfer to examine the causal link between festival image and host destination image. Data were collected among 514 tourists who attended music festivals in Morocco and the model was tested using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this study support the positive impact of the event's image on the destination's image and confirm the image transfer from the event to the destination.
{"title":"The impact of event image on destination image: The case of music festivals in Morocco [L’impact de l’image de l’événement sur l’image de la destination : Le cas des festivals de musique au Maroc]","authors":"Zineb Debbagh, H. Azouaoui","doi":"10.48374/IMIST.PRSM/AME-V3I3.27421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48374/IMIST.PRSM/AME-V3I3.27421","url":null,"abstract":"Events are recognized as catalysts for tourism development and enhancing the image of the destination. Indeed destination marketers view the use of events as territorial marketing tools that contribute to the future success of the destination. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical understanding and empirical examination of the impact of event image on destination image. We mobilize the theory of image transfer to examine the causal link between festival image and host destination image. Data were collected among 514 tourists who attended music festivals in Morocco and the model was tested using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this study support the positive impact of the event's image on the destination's image and confirm the image transfer from the event to the destination.","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131570221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10509.87529
Pierre Januard
Thomas Aquinas's short text on the activity of merchants in his early work the Commentary on the Sentences is a milestone in the understanding of trade and in the treatment of a deficit of information about the trade's finality and the intention of the merchant. Three levels of risk can thus be distinguished, relating to the licitness of the trade, the conditions of the trading activity, and the remuneration of merchants; and these in turn encounter three types of risk: analytical risks, commercial risks and strategic risks. The treatment of trade activity in the Commentary on the Sentences thus offers a new understanding of later works such as De regno and the Summa theologiae.
{"title":"Risks on Trade: The Activity of the Merchant in Thomas Aquinas's Commentary on the Sentences","authors":"Pierre Januard","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.10509.87529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10509.87529","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas Aquinas's short text on the activity of merchants in his early work the Commentary on the Sentences is a milestone in the understanding of trade and in the treatment of a deficit of information about the trade's finality and the intention of the merchant. Three levels of risk can thus be distinguished, relating to the licitness of the trade, the conditions of the trading activity, and the remuneration of merchants; and these in turn encounter three types of risk: analytical risks, commercial risks and strategic risks. The treatment of trade activity in the Commentary on the Sentences thus offers a new understanding of later works such as De regno and the Summa theologiae.","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127355533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects Of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes On Alcoholic Beverage Consumption","authors":"Xiaoyong Zheng, L. Pan","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.312806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.312806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115147637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF POLICY SHIFTS AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS","authors":"J. Bizimana, Mark Musumba","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.312850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.312850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123129672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cheese Prices Whiplash: COVID-19, Exports and Government Programs","authors":"Hernan A. Tejeda, Man-Keun Kim","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.312716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.312716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422295,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers in Economics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116680624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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