ABSTRACT The rapid developments in the field of software and hardware would lead one to expect an improvement in information processing in fields such as social work However, that is only the case to a very limited extent. One of the most prominent problems with information systems is that they tend to apply bad classifications. Although an information system with broad categories is easy for employees to fill in, the problem is that they tend to paint the same picture year after year. A differentiated classification provides more and better information. A condition is, of course, that the classification is done carefully and contains logically exclusive categories.
{"title":"The quality of information and communication—some slow remarks in a rapid age","authors":"G. Laan","doi":"10.1300/J407V12N03_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V12N03_12","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rapid developments in the field of software and hardware would lead one to expect an improvement in information processing in fields such as social work However, that is only the case to a very limited extent. One of the most prominent problems with information systems is that they tend to apply bad classifications. Although an information system with broad categories is easy for employees to fill in, the problem is that they tend to paint the same picture year after year. A differentiated classification provides more and better information. A condition is, of course, that the classification is done carefully and contains logically exclusive categories.","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125528264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Advanced information technology such as diagnostic programs, decision support systems or therapeutic computer games are likely to have far-reaching effects on the nature of social work practice, on the condition that they can be accepted by rank and file workers in human services organizations. This exploratory study was designed to develop a valid instrument that can test the extent to which social workers are willing to use the three most common types of advanced information technology: (1) computerized assessment package (CA), (2) decision support system (DSS), and (3) therapeutic computer games (TG). The instrument was field-tested with 74 Israeli social workers. Social workers clearly differentiated between the types of information technology with preference for therapeutic computer games (TG, DDS, CA, mean acceptance = 4.14, 3.91, 3.47, respectively). The differences between TG and CA, and between DDS and CA were statistically significant in paired t-tests (p = .000 and .003 respectively).
{"title":"Factors in acceptance of advanced information technology among social workers: an exploratory study","authors":"J. Cwikel, M. Monnickendam","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_07","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Advanced information technology such as diagnostic programs, decision support systems or therapeutic computer games are likely to have far-reaching effects on the nature of social work practice, on the condition that they can be accepted by rank and file workers in human services organizations. This exploratory study was designed to develop a valid instrument that can test the extent to which social workers are willing to use the three most common types of advanced information technology: (1) computerized assessment package (CA), (2) decision support system (DSS), and (3) therapeutic computer games (TG). The instrument was field-tested with 74 Israeli social workers. Social workers clearly differentiated between the types of information technology with preference for therapeutic computer games (TG, DDS, CA, mean acceptance = 4.14, 3.91, 3.47, respectively). The differences between TG and CA, and between DDS and CA were statistically significant in paired t-tests (p = .000 and .003 respectively).","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Much has been said and written concerning the influence of intrinsic personal and professional factors on the use of computers in general and in the social services in particular. For example, much has been made of the negative attitudes of professional personnel towards computer use. Little data however has been forthcoming to demonstrate the accuracy of this viewpoint. Theoretical analyses of the computerization process have mentioned three general issues in overcoming the imputed outcomes of these negative attitudes. An ex post facto study on computer acceptance by social workers, employed in municipal social service agencies (MSSA) in Israel, where a computerized case management system was implemented, was conducted. The impact of (1) intrinsic attitudes towards computer utilization in Human Services; (2) organizational factors; and (3) system design related factors on system acceptance was explored. It was found that readiness to computerize was related mainly to organizational and system des...
{"title":"Computer Acceptance by Social Workers","authors":"M. Monnickendam, A. Eaglstein","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_22","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Much has been said and written concerning the influence of intrinsic personal and professional factors on the use of computers in general and in the social services in particular. For example, much has been made of the negative attitudes of professional personnel towards computer use. Little data however has been forthcoming to demonstrate the accuracy of this viewpoint. Theoretical analyses of the computerization process have mentioned three general issues in overcoming the imputed outcomes of these negative attitudes. An ex post facto study on computer acceptance by social workers, employed in municipal social service agencies (MSSA) in Israel, where a computerized case management system was implemented, was conducted. The impact of (1) intrinsic attitudes towards computer utilization in Human Services; (2) organizational factors; and (3) system design related factors on system acceptance was explored. It was found that readiness to computerize was related mainly to organizational and system des...","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122981222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Theories on organizational structure and the value of information informed observations of patterns of information use by workers in a human service organization. Differences were found in the type and frequency of information used by workers at three different levels-executive, manager and direct service. Findings suggest a gap in the education and training of human service practitioners; suggest effectiveness and efficiency improvements through an organization based design of information systems, To facilitate this, schools of social work must teach the decision-making purposes and processes at each level of the organization. Schools also must expose students to the technologies available to support practice decisions.
{"title":"Information use by levels in human organizations","authors":"P. Schervish","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_21","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Theories on organizational structure and the value of information informed observations of patterns of information use by workers in a human service organization. Differences were found in the type and frequency of information used by workers at three different levels-executive, manager and direct service. Findings suggest a gap in the education and training of human service practitioners; suggest effectiveness and efficiency improvements through an organization based design of information systems, To facilitate this, schools of social work must teach the decision-making purposes and processes at each level of the organization. Schools also must expose students to the technologies available to support practice decisions.","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123805071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Using microcomputer abilities, Problem Solving in Case Management (PIC) provides students with the opportunity to learn case management skills through applying the problem solving process to a simulated client situation. The Computer Assisted Instructional Program (CAI) enlists a user-friendly format and was designed and scripted using an Apple Macintosh IICX computer system with HyperCard software (version 1.2.2).
案例管理中的问题解决(PIC)课程利用微型计算机的能力，通过将解决问题的过程应用于模拟的客户情况，为学生提供学习案例管理技巧的机会。计算机辅助教学程序(CAI)采用了一种用户友好的格式，使用带有HyperCard软件(版本1.2.2)的Apple Macintosh IICX计算机系统进行设计和编写。
{"title":"Constructing a computer-assisted instructional package to teach case management skills","authors":"Judith I. Gray","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_06","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Using microcomputer abilities, Problem Solving in Case Management (PIC) provides students with the opportunity to learn case management skills through applying the problem solving process to a simulated client situation. The Computer Assisted Instructional Program (CAI) enlists a user-friendly format and was designed and scripted using an Apple Macintosh IICX computer system with HyperCard software (version 1.2.2).","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133752988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Desktop expert systems: applications for social services","authors":"M. Kelly","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132749648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Traditional expert systems attempt to represent logically the complex decision rules used by experts. This approach has some defined successes but has been less effective with multi-dimensional problems such as characterize clinical situations. Research suggests that effective expertise is based more on memory than on analysis and logic. The article discusses the nature of memory-based expertise and questions the feasibility of capturing it through expert systems. Training based on computerized case simulations is suggested as an alternative. The paper also discusses the need for knowledge on the specific impact interventions have on distinct subgroups of consumers. This knowledge can be used to guide training and assist consumers in making key decisions.
{"title":"From Rules to Prototypes","authors":"R. Carlson","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_15","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Traditional expert systems attempt to represent logically the complex decision rules used by experts. This approach has some defined successes but has been less effective with multi-dimensional problems such as characterize clinical situations. Research suggests that effective expertise is based more on memory than on analysis and logic. The article discusses the nature of memory-based expertise and questions the feasibility of capturing it through expert systems. Training based on computerized case simulations is suggested as an alternative. The paper also discusses the need for knowledge on the specific impact interventions have on distinct subgroups of consumers. This knowledge can be used to guide training and assist consumers in making key decisions.","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114363948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Advocates for the application of computer technology in the human services assume that it promotes practice and organizational effectiveness as well as efficiency. Opponents claim that it fragments practice and reinforces the worst, most punitive, and counter-productive aspects of bureaucracy. While each of these positions rests on conflicting theoretical assumptions about the nature of practice, organizational structures, professionalization and information technology, proponents and opponents alike have failed to provide evidence to support their positions or even to recognize that these issues can be framed and tested empirically. This paper proposes the use of a comparative research design for studying the effect or computerization on program effectiveness and outlines a range of variables which need to be taken into account in addressing the differential impact of computerization on social work practice.
{"title":"Computer Technology and the Human Services","authors":"A. Grasso, I. Epstein","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_19","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Advocates for the application of computer technology in the human services assume that it promotes practice and organizational effectiveness as well as efficiency. Opponents claim that it fragments practice and reinforces the worst, most punitive, and counter-productive aspects of bureaucracy. While each of these positions rests on conflicting theoretical assumptions about the nature of practice, organizational structures, professionalization and information technology, proponents and opponents alike have failed to provide evidence to support their positions or even to recognize that these issues can be framed and tested empirically. This paper proposes the use of a comparative research design for studying the effect or computerization on program effectiveness and outlines a range of variables which need to be taken into account in addressing the differential impact of computerization on social work practice.","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116614572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using hypertext systems in human services","authors":"Michael A. King","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The computer is a necessary instrument for social work. When agencies computerize they usually do so without much hardware or software knowledge. So, in the best American tradition, they turn to an expert, the systems analyst. And, equally, in the American tradition, this expert offers an ideal solution. The only thing wrong with this perfect scenario is that the solutions seldom meet user needs. This paper examines this situation and suggests ways for agencies to avoid getting more systems analysis than they need. And it offers suggestions for creatively implementing the necessary switch to computer technology.
{"title":"Systems analysts are perilous for social welfare organizations","authors":"H. Chaiklin","doi":"10.1300/J407V09N03_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J407V09N03_28","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The computer is a necessary instrument for social work. When agencies computerize they usually do so without much hardware or software knowledge. So, in the best American tradition, they turn to an expert, the systems analyst. And, equally, in the American tradition, this expert offers an ideal solution. The only thing wrong with this perfect scenario is that the solutions seldom meet user needs. This paper examines this situation and suggests ways for agencies to avoid getting more systems analysis than they need. And it offers suggestions for creatively implementing the necessary switch to computer technology.","PeriodicalId":422385,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Services","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127814149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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