Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.003
Marcia Burrowes
Masquerade has been central to Barbadian performance culture. Such cultural forms as the ‘Shaggy Bear’ and ‘Mr. Harding’ have been part of the African-Barbadian historical narrative and lived experience. Many performed their way through slavery, emancipation and colonialism. In the independence period, these forms were corralled into the nationalist agenda and were given the additional responsibility of illustrating an ideal Barbadian cultural identity. Their African-Barbadian elements were seen as necessary ammunition in the new era against the colonial notion of the ever-anglicised Barbadian. However, as the policy makers redesigned the masquerade to fit the presumed ideal identity, masking traditions that were deemed problematic were changed, some were lost, and/ or excluded from the national space. This article examines the ways in which traditional masquerade gives insight into changing constructs of Barbadian identity. It captures some of the histories that have been marginalised in the official historical narrative of the island. It also explores some of the challenges faced in designing a national culture in a Caribbean space.
{"title":"Losing our masks: traditional masquerade and changing constructs of Barbadian identity.","authors":"Marcia Burrowes","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.003","url":null,"abstract":"Masquerade has been central to Barbadian performance culture. Such cultural forms as the ‘Shaggy Bear’ and ‘Mr. Harding’ have been part of the African-Barbadian historical narrative and lived experience. Many performed their way through slavery, emancipation and colonialism. In the independence period, these forms were corralled into the nationalist agenda and were given the additional responsibility of illustrating an ideal Barbadian cultural identity. Their African-Barbadian elements were seen as necessary ammunition in the new era against the colonial notion of the ever-anglicised Barbadian. However, as the policy makers redesigned the masquerade to fit the presumed ideal identity, masking traditions that were deemed problematic were changed, some were lost, and/ or excluded from the national space. This article examines the ways in which traditional masquerade gives insight into changing constructs of Barbadian identity. It captures some of the histories that have been marginalised in the official historical narrative of the island. It also explores some of the challenges faced in designing a national culture in a Caribbean space.","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.012
J. Cumberbatch, C. Hinds
The flying fish is a tangible species, but to Barbados it is a quintessential aspect of intangible heritage: a symbol of Barbadian pride and industry – the country’s motto. It adorns the silver dollar coin and is on the logo of the Barbados Tourism Authority. Barbados has its own unique ways of preparing and cooking the flying fish, and it is part of the national cuisine. But the availability of the species is at risk, as are its associated traditions, and there is no regulatory framework to protect this icon of national heritage. It is threatened by a maritime boundary and fisheries dispute, it struggles under the legacy of price controls that hamper the profitability of the fishing industry, it is uncertain whether there will still be people to harvest the species in the next fifty years, there is a significant variability in abundance which could affect the accessibility of flying fish to Barbadians, and climate change could lead to the local extinction of flying fish. So should the flying fish continue to be the leading icon of Barbados? Although not a unanimous decision, the majority of Barbadians surveyed felt that the flying fish should be preserved as part of the island’s heritage. Therefore, recommendations are made here for the preservation of this representative of local intangible heritage traditions.
{"title":"Barbadian bio-cultural heritage: an analysis of the flying fish.","authors":"J. Cumberbatch, C. Hinds","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.012","url":null,"abstract":"The flying fish is a tangible species, but to Barbados it is a quintessential aspect of intangible heritage: a symbol of Barbadian pride and industry – the country’s motto. It adorns the silver dollar coin and is on the logo of the Barbados Tourism Authority. Barbados has its own unique ways of preparing and cooking the flying fish, and it is part of the national cuisine. But the availability of the species is at risk, as are its associated traditions, and there is no regulatory framework to protect this icon of national heritage. It is threatened by a maritime boundary and fisheries dispute, it struggles under the legacy of price controls that hamper the profitability of the fishing industry, it is uncertain whether there will still be people to harvest the species in the next fifty years, there is a significant variability in abundance which could affect the accessibility of flying fish to Barbadians, and climate change could lead to the local extinction of flying fish. So should the flying fish continue to be the leading icon of Barbados? Although not a unanimous decision, the majority of Barbadians surveyed felt that the flying fish should be preserved as part of the island’s heritage. Therefore, recommendations are made here for the preservation of this representative of local intangible heritage traditions.","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.007
Ok-pyo Moon
Kyoto, Japan’s capital for more than a millennium, has developed many handicraft industries catering to the increasingly sophisticated demands of the Imperial court, the aristocracy and prosperous townspeople. The hand-woven silk produced in the Nishijin area in the north of Kyoto city is one of the most renowned of these. For the past few decades, however, this age-old craft industry has been facing an unprecedented crisis as a result of continual economic recession, overall changes in lifestyle and the difficulties of securing successors to carry on the craft. This paper will examine the historical background of the development of the specific mode of production and trade in Nishijin textiles; it will then analyse the nature of the crisis and describe various efforts to maintain and revitalise the heritage in the face of stringent economic circumstances. What the present study ultimately aims to do is to reconsider possible ways of preserving handicraft traditions in the modern world and to explore their cultural meanings.
{"title":"Challenges Surrounding the Survival of the Nishijin Silk Weaving Industry in Kyoto, Japan","authors":"Ok-pyo Moon","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.007","url":null,"abstract":"Kyoto, Japan’s capital for more than a millennium, has developed many handicraft industries catering to the increasingly sophisticated demands of the Imperial court, the aristocracy and prosperous townspeople. The hand-woven silk produced in the Nishijin area in the north of Kyoto city is one of the most renowned of these. For the past few decades, however, this age-old craft industry has been facing an unprecedented crisis as a result of continual economic recession, overall changes in lifestyle and the difficulties of securing successors to carry on the craft. This paper will examine the historical background of the development of the specific mode of production and trade in Nishijin textiles; it will then analyse the nature of the crisis and describe various efforts to maintain and revitalise the heritage in the face of stringent economic circumstances. What the present study ultimately aims to do is to reconsider possible ways of preserving handicraft traditions in the modern world and to explore their cultural meanings.","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.010
D. Howell
In the last decade, appearances of the Mari Lwyd have steadily increased during winter time in Wales. A tradition based around the decoration of a horse’s skull, regulated competitive verse and song, and community integration, would in many other parts of the world be acknowledged and celebrated as intangible cultural heritage. Yet, while the number of nations to have ratified the UNESCO Convention on the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage continues to grow on an annual basis, no such examples can be found in Wales however, or any other part of the United Kingdom, due to a continuing position of reticence from the Westminster government toward the convention. Does this lack of ratification indicate that Wales is not home to any examples of intangible cultural heritage? This article explores the notion of whether Wales is home to any valid forms of intangible cultural heritage, before challenging whether the same vulnerability seen in many of the international examples of intangible heritage can be illustrated in Wales. Ultimately this will argue that Welsh intangible cultural heritage is an important, living component of contemporary Welsh culture, and that UK ratification of the treaty, rather than being something that might be desired in Wales, should in fact be considered as a necessity.
{"title":"The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Wales: a Need for Safeguarding","authors":"D. Howell","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.010","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, appearances of the Mari Lwyd have steadily increased during winter time in Wales. A tradition based around the decoration of a horse’s skull, regulated competitive verse and song, and community integration, would in many other parts of the world be acknowledged and celebrated as intangible cultural heritage. Yet, while the number of nations to have ratified the UNESCO Convention on the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage continues to grow on an annual basis, no such examples can be found in Wales however, or any other part of the United Kingdom, due to a continuing position of reticence from the Westminster government toward the convention. Does this lack of ratification indicate that Wales is not home to any examples of intangible cultural heritage? This article explores the notion of whether Wales is home to any valid forms of intangible cultural heritage, before challenging whether the same vulnerability seen in many of the international examples of intangible heritage can be illustrated in Wales. Ultimately this will argue that Welsh intangible cultural heritage is an important, living component of contemporary Welsh culture, and that UK ratification of the treaty, rather than being something that might be desired in Wales, should in fact be considered as a necessity.","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.019
C. J. Nwabueze
The current rate of cultural and technological globalisation has been recognised as an international threat to the cultural diversity of many nations. The insubstantial nature of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has made it more vulnerable to the forces of globalisation than other aspects of cultural diversity and could lead to the disappearance of some forms of ICH. Museums have on several occasions committed themselves to the safeguarding of ICH as part of their institutional mandate. However, the integration of ICH into museum activities raises numerous intellectual property (IP) concerns in relation to the use and ownership of ICH resources. The present article first reviews the integration of ICH in museums as suggested by the 2012 International Conference on Museums and ICH. Second, it examines the related risks of misuse and incompatibility associated with ICH exposure in museums in the field of IP rights. Finally, the article suggests some effective IP mechanisms that could ensure that museums act ethically when dealing with ICH issues, and do respect ICH holders’ rights.
{"title":"The Role of Intellectual Property in Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in Museums","authors":"C. J. Nwabueze","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2013..8.019","url":null,"abstract":"The current rate of cultural and technological globalisation has been recognised as an international threat to the cultural diversity of many nations. The insubstantial nature of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has made it more vulnerable to the forces of globalisation than other aspects of cultural diversity and could lead to the disappearance of some forms of ICH. Museums have on several occasions committed themselves to the safeguarding of ICH as part of their institutional mandate. However, the integration of ICH into museum activities raises numerous intellectual property (IP) concerns in relation to the use and ownership of ICH resources. The present article first reviews the integration of ICH in museums as suggested by the 2012 International Conference on Museums and ICH. Second, it examines the related risks of misuse and incompatibility associated with ICH exposure in museums in the field of IP rights. Finally, the article suggests some effective IP mechanisms that could ensure that museums act ethically when dealing with ICH issues, and do respect ICH holders’ rights.","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.007
E. Carbonell
{"title":"The Catalan Fishermen’s Traditional Knowledge of Climate and the Weather: a Distinctive Way of Relating to Nature","authors":"E. Carbonell","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.013
최원호, 유현조, 김주원
{"title":"The Documentation of Endangered Altaic Languages and the Creation of a Digital Archive to safeguard linguistic diversity","authors":"최원호, 유현조, 김주원","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.002
J. Božanić, Eni Buljubašić
In the fishing village of Komiža, on the island of Vis, Croatia, there is a centuries-long ritual of incinerating traditional wooden fishing boats which is linked to the celebration of a Catholic holiday. Boats are not recognised as a part of the cultural heritage of Croatia and traditional boats are not being produced any longer because they are not seen to have any market value. Therefore, the continuation of the burning ritual is seriously threatened. It is argued here that through a re- contextualisation of the ceremony within an eco- museum and through similar projects, the boats could actively contribute to the economic life of the community. This issue is addressed from the standpoints of the endangered ritual and the cultural significance of the boat. While predominantly investigating its sociological importance and the underlying semiotic implications of the ritual, and discussing the anthropomorphic conceptualisation of the boat within the Komižan community, this article also explores the origins of the burning ritual and similar practices around the world. The article aims to increase the recognition of the boat as an object of tangible and intangible heritage, namely as a product of the traditional maritime art of ship-building.
{"title":"The Ritual of Boat Incineration on the Island of Vis, Croatia: an Interpretation","authors":"J. Božanić, Eni Buljubašić","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.002","url":null,"abstract":"In the fishing village of Komiža, on the island of Vis, Croatia, there is a centuries-long ritual of incinerating traditional wooden fishing boats which is linked to the celebration of a Catholic holiday. Boats are not recognised as a part of the cultural heritage of Croatia and traditional boats are not being produced any longer because they are not seen to have any market value. Therefore, the continuation of the burning ritual is seriously threatened. It is argued here that through a re- contextualisation of the ceremony within an eco- museum and through similar projects, the boats could actively contribute to the economic life of the community. This issue is addressed from the standpoints of the endangered ritual and the cultural significance of the boat. While predominantly investigating its sociological importance and the underlying semiotic implications of the ritual, and discussing the anthropomorphic conceptualisation of the boat within the Komižan community, this article also explores the origins of the burning ritual and similar practices around the world. The article aims to increase the recognition of the boat as an object of tangible and intangible heritage, namely as a product of the traditional maritime art of ship-building.","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.003
M. Hickey
{"title":"Asian Indian Celebrations of Ethnicity: Perspectives from the Midwestern United States","authors":"M. Hickey","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.011
Takuya Soma
{"title":"Contemporary Falconry in Altai-Kazakh in Western Mongolia","authors":"Takuya Soma","doi":"10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35638/IJIH.2012..7.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intangible Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69905586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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