The construction industry’s productivity has stagnated since the 1960s while in the same period, manufacturing and technology industries have seen vast improvements. The construction industry is coming under increased pressure to provide better value through improved quality and performance and as a result developers and constructors are looking to alternative forms of construction. In a process that borrows concepts from the manufacturing and technology sectors, such as automation and 3D modelling, Prefabricated Volumetric Construction (modular construction) is a highly versatile approach with the potential to deliver substantial cost savings, faster project delivery times, higher quality construction with less waste and emissions, and an increase in worker safety. This paper will explore the integration of computational design into the design workflow of modular construction through several project examples. The following topics will be covered: creation and assembly of parametric modules in the Revit Building Information Model (BIM) software, using the visual programming tool Dynamo; the linkage of the BIM to the analytical model; and the extraction of results and the manipulation and display of data using Grasshopper, a visual programming language and environment plugin, for Rhinoceros a 3D modeler. This integration has been found to reduce the time required to develop the building model, the drawings, the analytical model and complete the design while improving the consistency and accuracy of all.
{"title":"Integrating Computational Design to Improve the Design Workflow of Modular Construction","authors":"T. Greenough, Matthew Smith, A. Mariash","doi":"10.29173/MOCS90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS90","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry’s productivity has stagnated since the 1960s while in the same period, manufacturing and technology industries have seen vast improvements. The construction industry is coming under increased pressure to provide better value through improved quality and performance and as a result developers and constructors are looking to alternative forms of construction. In a process that borrows concepts from the manufacturing and technology sectors, such as automation and 3D modelling, Prefabricated Volumetric Construction (modular construction) is a highly versatile approach with the potential to deliver substantial cost savings, faster project delivery times, higher quality construction with less waste and emissions, and an increase in worker safety. This paper will explore the integration of computational design into the design workflow of modular construction through several project examples. The following topics will be covered: creation and assembly of parametric modules in the Revit Building Information Model (BIM) software, using the visual programming tool Dynamo; the linkage of the BIM to the analytical model; and the extraction of results and the manipulation and display of data using Grasshopper, a visual programming language and environment plugin, for Rhinoceros a 3D modeler. This integration has been found to reduce the time required to develop the building model, the drawings, the analytical model and complete the design while improving the consistency and accuracy of all.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122237859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duncan W. Maxwell, Martin Rudberg, R. Couper, Mathew H. Aitchison
Construction Logistics has recently emerged as an important consideration for Industrialized House Building (IHB). Previous research has demonstrated that construction logistics improves IHB through: the clarification of interfaces along the supply chain; increased supply chain efficiency; more productive construction sites; the transfer of value-adding activities from site to the supply chain; and the integration of site and supply chain. IHB research has commonly focused on buildings as product, their technical design and production, as well as the process of these activities. IHB companies seek the integration of these two aspects. However, there is growing realization of the value of integrating the supply chain through a focus on logistics. This paper argues that in order to achieve a tripartite integration of product, process, and logistics, that first an overarching company-level logistics strategy is required. A strategic perspective enables a separation of high-level logistics decisions from those that are operational in nature, in the same way that product platforms have assisted IHB. This separation is critical in overcoming the peculiarities of construction. This authors identify design-thinking as a powerful tool to assist in the future implementation of logistics strategy in order to drive the creation of contextually specific logistics solutions. Two company case studies from Sweden reveal two distinct forms of logistics strategy. These case studies, through comparative analysis, show how logistics strategies for IHB might emerge as design-led ‘logistics platforms’ that utilize the principles of standardization, modularity, and re-usability in order to achieve the flexibility demanded by construction. This paper proposes that a focus on IHB logistics strategy as a platform be implemented to allow effective integration of construction’s supply chain. The result of this approach is a re-usable, continually improving platform for construction logistics that can co-ordinate differing product and process approaches.
{"title":"Logistics Strategy for Industrialised House Building","authors":"Duncan W. Maxwell, Martin Rudberg, R. Couper, Mathew H. Aitchison","doi":"10.29173/MOCS102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS102","url":null,"abstract":"Construction Logistics has recently emerged as an important consideration for Industrialized House Building (IHB). Previous research has demonstrated that construction logistics improves IHB through: the clarification of interfaces along the supply chain; increased supply chain efficiency; more productive construction sites; the transfer of value-adding activities from site to the supply chain; and the integration of site and supply chain. IHB research has commonly focused on buildings as product, their technical design and production, as well as the process of these activities. IHB companies seek the integration of these two aspects. However, there is growing realization of the value of integrating the supply chain through a focus on logistics. This paper argues that in order to achieve a tripartite integration of product, process, and logistics, that first an overarching company-level logistics strategy is required. A strategic perspective enables a separation of high-level logistics decisions from those that are operational in nature, in the same way that product platforms have assisted IHB. This separation is critical in overcoming the peculiarities of construction. This authors identify design-thinking as a powerful tool to assist in the future implementation of logistics strategy in order to drive the creation of contextually specific logistics solutions. Two company case studies from Sweden reveal two distinct forms of logistics strategy. These case studies, through comparative analysis, show how logistics strategies for IHB might emerge as design-led ‘logistics platforms’ that utilize the principles of standardization, modularity, and re-usability in order to achieve the flexibility demanded by construction. This paper proposes that a focus on IHB logistics strategy as a platform be implemented to allow effective integration of construction’s supply chain. The result of this approach is a re-usable, continually improving platform for construction logistics that can co-ordinate differing product and process approaches.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building information modelling (BIM) technology has the potential to improve communication among multiple stakeholders and to streamline construction projects. In order for the BIM model to be fit for use in the construction field generally and in modular construction projects specifically, it needs to be designed with sufficient construction details. However, in current practice, this requirement necessitates substantial manual modelling efforts, which limits the use of BIM in the construction field. In this context, the objective of this research is to automate BIM of construction details for modular construction (i.e., manufacturing-centric BIM) with a focus on the wood-framing design and modelling processes. Specifically, this paper presents a portion of the research undertaken at the University of Alberta to develop FrameX, an Autodesk Revit add-on under development for the purpose of automating the framing design of light-frame wood structures. It represents a rule-based modelling approach that is capable of analyzing and designing building frames automatically in accordance with building codes, transportation regulations for modular components, and industry-wide best practices. Various best practice scenarios described in this paper represent ways the industry is seeking to reduce the material, time, and effort required to manufacture prefabricated building panels. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the rule-based modelling approach and the prototyped system, FrameX. The results reveal that the prototype system, FrameX, can automatically output manufacturing-centric BIM model and shop drawings in accordance with formalized rules, to assist field specialists from the outset of a given construction project.
{"title":"A Knowledge-Based Approach Towards Automated Manufacturing-Centric BIM: Wood Frame Design and Modelling for Light-Frame Buildings","authors":"Mahmud Abushwereb, Hexu Liu, M. Al-Hussein","doi":"10.29173/MOCS82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS82","url":null,"abstract":"Building information modelling (BIM) technology has the potential to improve communication among multiple stakeholders and to streamline construction projects. In order for the BIM model to be fit for use in the construction field generally and in modular construction projects specifically, it needs to be designed with sufficient construction details. However, in current practice, this requirement necessitates substantial manual modelling efforts, which limits the use of BIM in the construction field. In this context, the objective of this research is to automate BIM of construction details for modular construction (i.e., manufacturing-centric BIM) with a focus on the wood-framing design and modelling processes. Specifically, this paper presents a portion of the research undertaken at the University of Alberta to develop FrameX, an Autodesk Revit add-on under development for the purpose of automating the framing design of light-frame wood structures. It represents a rule-based modelling approach that is capable of analyzing and designing building frames automatically in accordance with building codes, transportation regulations for modular components, and industry-wide best practices. Various best practice scenarios described in this paper represent ways the industry is seeking to reduce the material, time, and effort required to manufacture prefabricated building panels. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the rule-based modelling approach and the prototyped system, FrameX. The results reveal that the prototype system, FrameX, can automatically output manufacturing-centric BIM model and shop drawings in accordance with formalized rules, to assist field specialists from the outset of a given construction project.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125575832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian He, Tianyi Zhan, Zehui Ju, H. Zhang, Lu Hong, Zhiqiang Wang, N. Brosse, Xiaoning Lu
The high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF), as a novel technology, was applied in the study to obtain a highly mechanical performance of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) by increasing limiting value of shear failure strength directly affected by bonding strength. The surface property of wood, polymerization extent of PF, bonding interface of wood-to-PF and mechanical properties of LVL were investigated under the HVEF treatment. The results showed that increased free radicals and total surface energy were acquired under the HVEF treatment resulting from more polar groups (?OH, ?CHO) and ions were triggered leading to decreased contact angles identified both for Poplar and Masson specimens. The HVEF provided more reactions among wood-to-UF and more cross linking reaction of PF occurred in the treating step. The tendency of vertical density profile was more extremely steep than the control with max density increased by 24.93% and 30.24% for Poplar and Masson LVL respectively since adhesive aggregated continuously and orderly along bonding interface and permeation depth reduced to around 200 ?m, accounting for improved bonding shear strength, which eventually brought an enhancement on mechanical properties of LVL with horizon shear strength (?and?), modulus of elasticity and static bending strength significantly enhanced by 14.65%, 10.68%, 20.67% and 12.34% for Poplar LVL and that of Masson LVL enhanced by 17.30%, 13.93%, 18.55% and 12.72%. Besides, the delamination ratio was decreased by 49.57% and 58.32% respectively both for Poplar and Masson specimens.
{"title":"Highly Mechanical Performance of Laminated Veneer Lumber Induced by High Voltage Electrostatic Field","authors":"Qian He, Tianyi Zhan, Zehui Ju, H. Zhang, Lu Hong, Zhiqiang Wang, N. Brosse, Xiaoning Lu","doi":"10.29173/MOCS78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS78","url":null,"abstract":"The high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF), as a novel technology, was applied in the study to obtain a highly mechanical performance of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) by increasing limiting value of shear failure strength directly affected by bonding strength. The surface property of wood, polymerization extent of PF, bonding interface of wood-to-PF and mechanical properties of LVL were investigated under the HVEF treatment. The results showed that increased free radicals and total surface energy were acquired under the HVEF treatment resulting from more polar groups (?OH, ?CHO) and ions were triggered leading to decreased contact angles identified both for Poplar and Masson specimens. The HVEF provided more reactions among wood-to-UF and more cross linking reaction of PF occurred in the treating step. The tendency of vertical density profile was more extremely steep than the control with max density increased by 24.93% and 30.24% for Poplar and Masson LVL respectively since adhesive aggregated continuously and orderly along bonding interface and permeation depth reduced to around 200 ?m, accounting for improved bonding shear strength, which eventually brought an enhancement on mechanical properties of LVL with horizon shear strength (?and?), modulus of elasticity and static bending strength significantly enhanced by 14.65%, 10.68%, 20.67% and 12.34% for Poplar LVL and that of Masson LVL enhanced by 17.30%, 13.93%, 18.55% and 12.72%. Besides, the delamination ratio was decreased by 49.57% and 58.32% respectively both for Poplar and Masson specimens.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115210832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modularization and mechanization are widely promoted due to their potential benefits in enhancing site efficiency. However, the outcomes of the implementation lack quantitative supports at the project level. This paper aims to develop a quantitative evidence-based methodology for measuring site efficiency and evaluating the outcomes of the two technologies. Applying the proposed methodology to a real-life building construction project, the simulation results of multiple scenarios show that site efficiency is likely to be enhanced by encouraging the utilisation of laboring-saving materials and equipment within the limited project budget. The findings provide quantitative evidence to encourage technological innovation in construction materials and equipment, thereby demonstrating the potential of substituting materials or equipment for labor in benefiting site efficiency of a construction project through adopting modularization and mechanization.
{"title":"An Efficiency-orientated Total Factor Productivity Measurement Model for Construction Projects","authors":"W. Zhan, W. Pan","doi":"10.29173/MOCS104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS104","url":null,"abstract":"Modularization and mechanization are widely promoted due to their potential benefits in enhancing site efficiency. However, the outcomes of the implementation lack quantitative supports at the project level. This paper aims to develop a quantitative evidence-based methodology for measuring site efficiency and evaluating the outcomes of the two technologies. Applying the proposed methodology to a real-life building construction project, the simulation results of multiple scenarios show that site efficiency is likely to be enhanced by encouraging the utilisation of laboring-saving materials and equipment within the limited project budget. The findings provide quantitative evidence to encourage technological innovation in construction materials and equipment, thereby demonstrating the potential of substituting materials or equipment for labor in benefiting site efficiency of a construction project through adopting modularization and mechanization.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123414248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng Wang, SangJun Ahn, Youyi Zhang, Mohammed Sadiq Altaf, M. Al-Hussein, Yongsheng Ma
Offsite construction methods have been promoted and recognized globally as advanced construction techniques. Panelization, a two-dimensional form of offsite construction has brought about many benefits including lower transportation requirements and design flexibilities. In North America, the panelized construction technique has become popular particularly for wood-frame wall panels for residential construction. However, although utilizing this advanced construction method can greatly improve the working environment and productivity, the conventional mentality in construction, which overlooks the value of an automated management system to support offsite prefabrication and onsite installation, hinders its potential. An automatic material estimation system can capture all computer-aided design (CAD) data from building information modeling (BIM) files automatically and convert them into enterprise resource planning (ERP) readable data so that the ERP system can be updated for the purpose of material estimation. With the assistance of a feature-based modeling method, the proposed automatic material estimation system can save huge amounts of manual work for quantity take-off and all required CAD data can be captured by the system in a few seconds. Although highly dynamic market demands result in continual changes in design, production plan, schedule, and inventory levels, the adoption of an automatic material estimation system could account for these dynamic changes in order to maximize production. Therefore, in this paper, an automatic material estimation system is proposed in order to enhance the design and estimation process in the manufacturing environment. The proposed system is introduced and the development of supportive software is described. The proposed system is implemented as a case study in a panelized construction manufacturing facility, ACQBUILT, Inc., based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
非现场施工方法作为一种先进的施工技术在全球范围内得到了推广和认可。面板化是一种二维的非现场施工形式，它带来了许多好处，包括较低的运输要求和设计灵活性。在北美，板式建筑技术已经变得流行，特别是用于住宅建筑的木结构墙板。然而，尽管利用这种先进的施工方法可以极大地改善工作环境和生产力，但传统的施工思维忽视了自动化管理系统支持非现场预制和现场安装的价值，阻碍了它的潜力。自动材料估算系统可以自动从BIM (building information modeling)文件中获取所有CAD (computer aided design)数据，并将其转换为企业资源规划(enterprise resource planning, ERP)可读数据，以便更新ERP系统进行材料估算。在基于特征的建模方法的辅助下，所提出的材料自动估计系统可以节省大量的人工数量提取工作，并且系统可以在几秒钟内捕获所需的CAD数据。虽然高度动态的市场需求导致设计、生产计划、进度和库存水平的不断变化，但采用自动材料估计系统可以解释这些动态变化，以最大限度地提高生产。因此，本文提出了一种自动材料估计系统，以提高制造环境下的设计和估计过程。介绍了所提出的系统，并描述了配套软件的开发。该系统以位于加拿大艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿的板式建筑制造工厂ACQBUILT公司为例进行了实施。
{"title":"Automatic Material Estimation by Translating BIM Data into ERP Readable Data for Panelized Residential Construction","authors":"Meng Wang, SangJun Ahn, Youyi Zhang, Mohammed Sadiq Altaf, M. Al-Hussein, Yongsheng Ma","doi":"10.29173/MOCS71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS71","url":null,"abstract":"Offsite construction methods have been promoted and recognized globally as advanced construction techniques. Panelization, a two-dimensional form of offsite construction has brought about many benefits including lower transportation requirements and design flexibilities. In North America, the panelized construction technique has become popular particularly for wood-frame wall panels for residential construction. However, although utilizing this advanced construction method can greatly improve the working environment and productivity, the conventional mentality in construction, which overlooks the value of an automated management system to support offsite prefabrication and onsite installation, hinders its potential. An automatic material estimation system can capture all computer-aided design (CAD) data from building information modeling (BIM) files automatically and convert them into enterprise resource planning (ERP) readable data so that the ERP system can be updated for the purpose of material estimation. With the assistance of a feature-based modeling method, the proposed automatic material estimation system can save huge amounts of manual work for quantity take-off and all required CAD data can be captured by the system in a few seconds. Although highly dynamic market demands result in continual changes in design, production plan, schedule, and inventory levels, the adoption of an automatic material estimation system could account for these dynamic changes in order to maximize production. Therefore, in this paper, an automatic material estimation system is proposed in order to enhance the design and estimation process in the manufacturing environment. The proposed system is introduced and the development of supportive software is described. The proposed system is implemented as a case study in a panelized construction manufacturing facility, ACQBUILT, Inc., based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120946115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zirui Huang, Huang Dongsheng, Yanhua Wang, Yan Feng
This paper presents a novel bamboo/wood-steel hybrid frame which uses engineered bamboo products as beams and steel as columns. The beams and columns are jointed by an innovative connection which incorporates a steel hinge and two steel brackets to carry shear force and moment from the end of beam, respectively. The bracket consists of two segments, i.e. joint segment connected to beam and the other segment, which serves as energy dissipation panel (EDP), connected to the columns via a base panel. By this way, the connection can provide sufficient initial stiffness for serviceability requirements and excellent energy dissipation capacity for seismic performances. Lateral cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performances of the frame. It was found that hysteresis loops of the frame with energy dissipation joints show less pinching than that of frames with dowel- or bolt-type connections; by proper designing, the damage and failure of the frame can be restricted in the EDPs of connections, whereas virtually no damage was observed in the other components of the frame; the connection can provide more than 10 % damping for the frame after the yielding of EDPs. Design method is also proposed in this paper.
{"title":"Cyclic Behavior of a Bamboo-Steel Hybrid Moment Frame with a Novel Energy Dissipation Connection","authors":"Zirui Huang, Huang Dongsheng, Yanhua Wang, Yan Feng","doi":"10.29173/MOCS123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel bamboo/wood-steel hybrid frame which uses engineered bamboo products as beams and steel as columns. The beams and columns are jointed by an innovative connection which incorporates a steel hinge and two steel brackets to carry shear force and moment from the end of beam, respectively. The bracket consists of two segments, i.e. joint segment connected to beam and the other segment, which serves as energy dissipation panel (EDP), connected to the columns via a base panel. By this way, the connection can provide sufficient initial stiffness for serviceability requirements and excellent energy dissipation capacity for seismic performances. Lateral cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performances of the frame. It was found that hysteresis loops of the frame with energy dissipation joints show less pinching than that of frames with dowel- or bolt-type connections; by proper designing, the damage and failure of the frame can be restricted in the EDPs of connections, whereas virtually no damage was observed in the other components of the frame; the connection can provide more than 10 % damping for the frame after the yielding of EDPs. Design method is also proposed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116554134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connections are arguably one of the most critical components controlling the structural performance and failure modes of mass timber structures. Over the last two decades, demands for stronger and energy dissipative connections have been raised with increased application of mass timber products in larger and taller buildings. This paper presents numerical analyses of novel mass timber connections used in cross laminated timber structures. The connections are developed by MyTiCon with BB Stanz- und Umformtechnik GmbH angle bracket. Despite being relatively thin, these angle brackets could show comparable load resistance with thicker ones due to the reinforced web and folded edges. The commercially available finite element software ABAQUS was used to develop three dimensional (3D) numerical models to simulate the performance of angle bracket connections under different load combinations. The modelling analysis involves two phases: (1) to determine the most efficient fastener type and setup for the angle brackets connected to CLT wall and floor panels, and (2) to evaluate the capacity of angle brackets connected to CLT wall and floor panels in various loading scenarios. The findings of this study provide an insight into the behaviour of this new angle bracket connections and will be used in the design of the experimental tests in the next phase.
{"title":"Numerical Modelling Analysis of Angle Bracket Connections Used in Cross Laminated Timber Constructions","authors":"Saeed Rezvani, Lina Zhou","doi":"10.29173/MOCS122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS122","url":null,"abstract":"Connections are arguably one of the most critical components controlling the structural performance and failure modes of mass timber structures. Over the last two decades, demands for stronger and energy dissipative connections have been raised with increased application of mass timber products in larger and taller buildings. This paper presents numerical analyses of novel mass timber connections used in cross laminated timber structures. The connections are developed by MyTiCon with BB Stanz- und Umformtechnik GmbH angle bracket. Despite being relatively thin, these angle brackets could show comparable load resistance with thicker ones due to the reinforced web and folded edges. The commercially available finite element software ABAQUS was used to develop three dimensional (3D) numerical models to simulate the performance of angle bracket connections under different load combinations. The modelling analysis involves two phases: (1) to determine the most efficient fastener type and setup for the angle brackets connected to CLT wall and floor panels, and (2) to evaluate the capacity of angle brackets connected to CLT wall and floor panels in various loading scenarios. The findings of this study provide an insight into the behaviour of this new angle bracket connections and will be used in the design of the experimental tests in the next phase.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"89 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Lang, Cindy Wilson, Clayton Blackman, Ryan Gillespie, O. Krieg, Shaique Uddin
This paper presents the outcome of an ongoing research and development process at Lang Wilson Practice and Architecture Culture and Intelligent City on a parametric mass timber construction system for modular mid- to high-rise urban housing that started in 2006. The system was developed to systematically address the urban housing crisis in North America, and it is currently applied in two Canadian housing projects in seismic zones with 4 and 12 storeys in an evolution from previous modular housing projects by the companies. The first part of this paper explains the holistic, design-driven and parametric approach to urban housing, and how platform-based design is critical for an adaptable, sustainable and qualitative urbanization. Criteria of livability, affordability and sustainability inform the development of a customizable and modular mass timber building system, which can adapt to grid spacing and module sizes as well as to structural requirements for up to 18 floors in seismic zones. The building system is developed to meet Passive House certification and to be fully prefabricated. Constructional innovations within the system reduce the typical redundancy of doubled-up material layers of modular construction. In the second part, the authors explain how the building system is also the result of the development of a fully parametric design tool that allows not only for the optimization of building typology, home layouts or even energy consumption, but also automatically adapts the geometry of all mass timber building elements. This high level of parametrized building information density in an early stage of the design process allows for an unprecedented collaboration of designers, architects and engineers while ensuring constructability. In the last part the authors present a case study, explaining the advantages and challenges of such a collaborative effort and explain how they successfully obtained approvals to build a 12-storey mass timber housing project.
{"title":"Development of a Design-Driven Parametric Mass Timber Construction System for Modular High-Rise Urban Housing","authors":"O. Lang, Cindy Wilson, Clayton Blackman, Ryan Gillespie, O. Krieg, Shaique Uddin","doi":"10.29173/MOCS111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the outcome of an ongoing research and development process at Lang Wilson Practice and Architecture Culture and Intelligent City on a parametric mass timber construction system for modular mid- to high-rise urban housing that started in 2006. The system was developed to systematically address the urban housing crisis in North America, and it is currently applied in two Canadian housing projects in seismic zones with 4 and 12 storeys in an evolution from previous modular housing projects by the companies. The first part of this paper explains the holistic, design-driven and parametric approach to urban housing, and how platform-based design is critical for an adaptable, sustainable and qualitative urbanization. Criteria of livability, affordability and sustainability inform the development of a customizable and modular mass timber building system, which can adapt to grid spacing and module sizes as well as to structural requirements for up to 18 floors in seismic zones. The building system is developed to meet Passive House certification and to be fully prefabricated. Constructional innovations within the system reduce the typical redundancy of doubled-up material layers of modular construction. In the second part, the authors explain how the building system is also the result of the development of a fully parametric design tool that allows not only for the optimization of building typology, home layouts or even energy consumption, but also automatically adapts the geometry of all mass timber building elements. This high level of parametrized building information density in an early stage of the design process allows for an unprecedented collaboration of designers, architects and engineers while ensuring constructability. In the last part the authors present a case study, explaining the advantages and challenges of such a collaborative effort and explain how they successfully obtained approvals to build a 12-storey mass timber housing project.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132935851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deriving a reliable earthwork job cost estimate entails analysis of the interaction of numerous variables defined in a highly complex and dynamic system. Using simulation to plan earthwork haul jobs delivers high accuracy in cost estimating. However, given practical limitations of time and expertise, simulation remains prohibitively expensive and rarely applied in the construction field. The development of a pragmatic tool for field applications that would mimic simulation-derived results while consuming less time was thus warranted. In this research, a spreadsheet based analytical tool was developed using data from industry benchmark databases (such as CAT Handbook and RSMeans). Based on a case study, the proposed methodology outperformed commonly used estimating methods and compared closely to the results obtained from simulation in controlled experiments.
{"title":"Developing an Analytical Solution that Mimics Simulation Modeling for Construction Planning: Earthwork Case","authors":"Waleed Shakeel, Ming Lu","doi":"10.29173/MOCS138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS138","url":null,"abstract":"Deriving a reliable earthwork job cost estimate entails analysis of the interaction of numerous variables defined in a highly complex and dynamic system. Using simulation to plan earthwork haul jobs delivers high accuracy in cost estimating. However, given practical limitations of time and expertise, simulation remains prohibitively expensive and rarely applied in the construction field. The development of a pragmatic tool for field applications that would mimic simulation-derived results while consuming less time was thus warranted. In this research, a spreadsheet based analytical tool was developed using data from industry benchmark databases (such as CAT Handbook and RSMeans). Based on a case study, the proposed methodology outperformed commonly used estimating methods and compared closely to the results obtained from simulation in controlled experiments.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131598477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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