Although much attention has been paid to the safety risk of construction sites and ergonomic risk assessment of workers, the automation of ergonomic risk assessment has not been significantly developed. This article presents a non-intrusive, automated ergonomic risk assessment approach based on computer vision, machine learning, and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The method is called Computer-Vison Based Rapid Entire Body Analysis Estimation (CVRE). This approach is expected to realize automated monitoring and early-stage warning of ergonomic risks by automating the procedure of calculating REBA scores for construction site workers. This method consists of machine learning-based key joints and joint angles estimation of human bodies and computer-vision-based automated risk estimation. With the extensive development of machine learning and computer vision, researchers have been paying attention to assessing ergonomic risks with machine learning techniques. The proposed method has been further validated using the experimental data obtained by a motion capture system.
{"title":"Computer-vision based rapid entire body analysis (REBA) estimation","authors":"Chao Fan, Q. Mei, Qiuling Yang, Xinming Li","doi":"10.29173/mocs269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/mocs269","url":null,"abstract":"Although much attention has been paid to the safety risk of construction sites and ergonomic risk assessment of workers, the automation of ergonomic risk assessment has not been significantly developed. This article presents a non-intrusive, automated ergonomic risk assessment approach based on computer vision, machine learning, and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The method is called Computer-Vison Based Rapid Entire Body Analysis Estimation (CVRE). This approach is expected to realize automated monitoring and early-stage warning of ergonomic risks by automating the procedure of calculating REBA scores for construction site workers. This method consists of machine learning-based key joints and joint angles estimation of human bodies and computer-vision-based automated risk estimation. With the extensive development of machine learning and computer vision, researchers have been paying attention to assessing ergonomic risks with machine learning techniques. The proposed method has been further validated using the experimental data obtained by a motion capture system.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A mass timber panel-concrete (MTPC) composite floor system consists of a timber panel in the tensile zone, a concrete layer in the compression zone, and shear connectors between timber and concrete. The notched connections that are cut in timber and connected with concrete by the interlocking effect are often classified as the best type of connection system in terms of stiffness and load-carrying capacity. To study the effect of notch geometry to the performance of notched connections and composite beams, 2D finite element models are built in ABAQUS in this study. The concrete portion is modelled with concrete damaged plasticity model while the timber portion is modelled with Hashin’s failure criteria. The effective bending stiffness and ultimate bending capacity of the composite beam under uniformly distributed load are obtained from the finite element models and are compared with the well-known Gamma method in Eurocode 5 and strut-and-tie model. Good agreement between finite element model in the elastic range and strut-and-tie model was achieved. However, due to the assumptions made in the Gamma method, it was found that this simplified design method is not capable of describing MTPC composite floors with discrete notched connections.
{"title":"Numerical Study of the Geometry Effect of Notched Connections in Mass Timber Panel-Concrete Composite Floors","authors":"Lei Zhang, Y. Chui","doi":"10.29173/MOCS142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS142","url":null,"abstract":"A mass timber panel-concrete (MTPC) composite floor system consists of a timber panel in the tensile zone, a concrete layer in the compression zone, and shear connectors between timber and concrete. The notched connections that are cut in timber and connected with concrete by the interlocking effect are often classified as the best type of connection system in terms of stiffness and load-carrying capacity. To study the effect of notch geometry to the performance of notched connections and composite beams, 2D finite element models are built in ABAQUS in this study. The concrete portion is modelled with concrete damaged plasticity model while the timber portion is modelled with Hashin’s failure criteria. The effective bending stiffness and ultimate bending capacity of the composite beam under uniformly distributed load are obtained from the finite element models and are compared with the well-known Gamma method in Eurocode 5 and strut-and-tie model. Good agreement between finite element model in the elastic range and strut-and-tie model was achieved. However, due to the assumptions made in the Gamma method, it was found that this simplified design method is not capable of describing MTPC composite floors with discrete notched connections.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115720714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-end cabinet making is traditionally an artisan process that utilizes few manufacturing principles. Manufacturing lead time, labor hours required, and productivity can be improved by industrializing the process. This paper focuses on a case study of a high-end cabinet manufacturer in Edmonton AB, Canada and the proposed process and facility improvements. First, computer simulation using Simphony.NET and movement analysis of people/materials of the cabinet manufacturer’s current state of operations is conducted to establish a baseline. Next, suggested process and facility layout improvements and their anticipated results are quantified through future state simulation in order to aid management in making decisions for plant changes and to prove their effectiveness. These improvements include: application of lean principles, modification of their current production methods to reduce bottlenecks, and future state facility layout based on an optimized flow of people and materials.
{"title":"Simulation Based Approach for the Industrialization of a Cabinet Manufacturing Facility","authors":"R. Brown, Chelsea Ritter, M. Al-Hussein","doi":"10.29173/MOCS107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS107","url":null,"abstract":"High-end cabinet making is traditionally an artisan process that utilizes few manufacturing principles. Manufacturing lead time, labor hours required, and productivity can be improved by industrializing the process. This paper focuses on a case study of a high-end cabinet manufacturer in Edmonton AB, Canada and the proposed process and facility improvements. First, computer simulation using Simphony.NET and movement analysis of people/materials of the cabinet manufacturer’s current state of operations is conducted to establish a baseline. Next, suggested process and facility layout improvements and their anticipated results are quantified through future state simulation in order to aid management in making decisions for plant changes and to prove their effectiveness. These improvements include: application of lean principles, modification of their current production methods to reduce bottlenecks, and future state facility layout based on an optimized flow of people and materials.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121225462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the process of constructing modular EIFS (exterior insulation and finish system) panelized wall assemblies in a manufacturing environment. The research observed the preparation required, manufacturing procedures applied, measured task times at dedicated work stations and identified bottlenecks that factor into the comprehensive approach to planning and building the exterior envelope off-site. The paper summarizes the results of 70,000 SF of EIFS panels manufactured over 70 days in a 110,000 SF facility located in Tempe, AZ. The benefits (quality control, safety, labour efficiency) and challenges (transportation, hoisting, and cost) in relationship to the traditional construction requirements for in-place EIFS systems is also analysed in this paper.
{"title":"Case Study: Off-site manufacturing of EIFS Panelized Wall Assemblies to Gain Efficiency in Construction Sequencing","authors":"S. Root, J. Cribbs, A. Chasey","doi":"10.29173/MOCS114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the process of constructing modular EIFS (exterior insulation and finish system) panelized wall assemblies in a manufacturing environment. The research observed the preparation required, manufacturing procedures applied, measured task times at dedicated work stations and identified bottlenecks that factor into the comprehensive approach to planning and building the exterior envelope off-site. The paper summarizes the results of 70,000 SF of EIFS panels manufactured over 70 days in a 110,000 SF facility located in Tempe, AZ. The benefits (quality control, safety, labour efficiency) and challenges (transportation, hoisting, and cost) in relationship to the traditional construction requirements for in-place EIFS systems is also analysed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115182953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gan, K. Tse, Jack C. P. Cheng, Irene Lo, C. Chan
Modular design refers to a design approach whereby customized modules or components are assembled to form the layout plan of a building. Previous researches have attempted to optimize the layout plan design of low-rise houses for maximizing the natural daylighting, ventilation performance, and energy efficiency. Engineers have also studied the modular design of high-rise residential buildings to meet site constraints and to optimize site development potentials. However, the previous studies on modular building design were based on empirical trial-and-error approaches, efficient methods for identifying the optimal combination of different modules and components were still lacking in literature. Therefore, this study attempts to develop an innovative approach for optimizing the modular design of high-rise residential buildings, with the aim of maximizing the building energy performance while fulfilling the site constraints and design code requirements. The design optimization problem, including the design variables and objective functions, is properly formulated to guarantee the quality of final optimized deign. Provided a set of well-defined modules and components, evolutionary genetic algorithm (GA) is then utilized for the wide-ranging exploration of the building layout plans, taking into consideration the site conditions and building design requirements. A computer program is developed, coupling the GA optimization and energy modeling, to systematically evaluate the candidate layout plans. The energy simulation results are subsequently used to guide the GA towards finding the optimal design solution. The proposed optimization method is utilized to generate the optimal layout design for a 40-story high-rise residential building, using a set of pre-defined modular flat units. The optimal design maximizes the use of natural ventilation and daylighting to save 30-40% of the energy consumption without compromising the site constraints and design requirements. The findings of this study serve as the decision support basis to enhance modular design of high-rise residential buildings (such as energy conservation in this study), thereby improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the built environment.
{"title":"Site-specific Modular Design Optimization for High-rise Residential Buildings","authors":"V. Gan, K. Tse, Jack C. P. Cheng, Irene Lo, C. Chan","doi":"10.29173/MOCS137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS137","url":null,"abstract":"Modular design refers to a design approach whereby customized modules or components are assembled to form the layout plan of a building. Previous researches have attempted to optimize the layout plan design of low-rise houses for maximizing the natural daylighting, ventilation performance, and energy efficiency. Engineers have also studied the modular design of high-rise residential buildings to meet site constraints and to optimize site development potentials. However, the previous studies on modular building design were based on empirical trial-and-error approaches, efficient methods for identifying the optimal combination of different modules and components were still lacking in literature. Therefore, this study attempts to develop an innovative approach for optimizing the modular design of high-rise residential buildings, with the aim of maximizing the building energy performance while fulfilling the site constraints and design code requirements. The design optimization problem, including the design variables and objective functions, is properly formulated to guarantee the quality of final optimized deign. Provided a set of well-defined modules and components, evolutionary genetic algorithm (GA) is then utilized for the wide-ranging exploration of the building layout plans, taking into consideration the site conditions and building design requirements. A computer program is developed, coupling the GA optimization and energy modeling, to systematically evaluate the candidate layout plans. The energy simulation results are subsequently used to guide the GA towards finding the optimal design solution. The proposed optimization method is utilized to generate the optimal layout design for a 40-story high-rise residential building, using a set of pre-defined modular flat units. The optimal design maximizes the use of natural ventilation and daylighting to save 30-40% of the energy consumption without compromising the site constraints and design requirements. The findings of this study serve as the decision support basis to enhance modular design of high-rise residential buildings (such as energy conservation in this study), thereby improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the built environment.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116220613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building with prefabricated light-frame volume modules is a prevalent and innovative construction method for low and mid-rise timber buildings. Compared to traditionally site-built constructions this method is very advantageous due to its high prefabrication level and the fast on-site assembly of the modules. The focus of this project is to study and optimise the global shear stiffness of the volume modules and to secure a large enough shear and uplift stiffness of the mechanical (or friction based) connections between the modules. Some companies assume that the friction between the modules is sufficient to transfer the wind stabilization forces down through the entire building. Regarding structural safety, connection design is an important task that needs to be numerically studied and experimentally verified. The paper presents numerical and experimental results obtained from two ongoing research projects concerning modular-based timber buildings in Sweden. The final aim of this work is to develop an efficient three dimensional finite-element model to analyse both the global and detailed structural behaviour of these types of buildings. To study the overall shear stiffness of the volume modules, eight different test-modules are to be tested. The test results will be used to calibrate the numerical model.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Study on Modular-Based Timber Structures","authors":"S. Ormarsson, J. Vessby, M. Johansson, L. Kua","doi":"10.29173/MOCS128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS128","url":null,"abstract":"Building with prefabricated light-frame volume modules is a prevalent and innovative construction method for low and mid-rise timber buildings. Compared to traditionally site-built constructions this method is very advantageous due to its high prefabrication level and the fast on-site assembly of the modules. The focus of this project is to study and optimise the global shear stiffness of the volume modules and to secure a large enough shear and uplift stiffness of the mechanical (or friction based) connections between the modules. Some companies assume that the friction between the modules is sufficient to transfer the wind stabilization forces down through the entire building. Regarding structural safety, connection design is an important task that needs to be numerically studied and experimentally verified. The paper presents numerical and experimental results obtained from two ongoing research projects concerning modular-based timber buildings in Sweden. The final aim of this work is to develop an efficient three dimensional finite-element model to analyse both the global and detailed structural behaviour of these types of buildings. To study the overall shear stiffness of the volume modules, eight different test-modules are to be tested. The test results will be used to calibrate the numerical model.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"85 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122663089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural Disasters cause major adverse social and financial effects by destroying homes and infrastructures. For example, Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 damaged over 214,700 homes in New Orleans and forced over 800,000 citizens to live outside of their homes due to flooding. Thus, these disasters require a quick and efficient response to post-disaster housing issues and provide resources for temporary houses for short-term disaster relief and reconstruction of destroyed and damaged housing for full rehabilitation. Reconstruction of permanent housing for disaster victims is one of the most time-consuming activities in the post-disaster recovery process. However, time is a critical factor which should be minimized for the restoration of affected communities. Modularized construction is a promising solution for improving the process of post-disaster housing reconstruction because of its inherent characteristic of time-efficiency. This paper aimed to evaluate prefabricated modular construction potentials as an approach that can facilitate the design and construction phase of post-disaster reconstruction. An extensive literature review has been carried out to identify the features of modularized construction which can add value to the post-disaster recovery process. To investigate the suitability and feasibility of implementing modular construction for post-disaster reconstruction and also identify major barriers of its implementation, a survey has been conducted in 2018 among AEC experts who were experienced in the prefabricated construction industry and/or involved in post-disaster reconstruction projects. The results of the study indicate that prefabricated modular construction is a promising approach to improve time-efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction and tackle challenges of current practices by its unique benefits such as reduced demand for on-site labor (overcome local labor pool constraints impacted by the disaster) and resources (overcome shortage of equipment and materials), shorter schedule (due to concurrent & non-seasonal), reduced site congestion, and improved labor productivity (due to assembly line-like and controlled environment).
{"title":"Investigating Stakeholders' Perceptions of Feasibility and Implications of Modular Construction-Based Post-Disaster Reconstruction","authors":"Pedram Ghannad, Yong-Cheol Lee, Jin Ouk Choi","doi":"10.29173/MOCS132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS132","url":null,"abstract":"Natural Disasters cause major adverse social and financial effects by destroying homes and infrastructures. For example, Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 damaged over 214,700 homes in New Orleans and forced over 800,000 citizens to live outside of their homes due to flooding. Thus, these disasters require a quick and efficient response to post-disaster housing issues and provide resources for temporary houses for short-term disaster relief and reconstruction of destroyed and damaged housing for full rehabilitation. Reconstruction of permanent housing for disaster victims is one of the most time-consuming activities in the post-disaster recovery process. However, time is a critical factor which should be minimized for the restoration of affected communities. Modularized construction is a promising solution for improving the process of post-disaster housing reconstruction because of its inherent characteristic of time-efficiency. This paper aimed to evaluate prefabricated modular construction potentials as an approach that can facilitate the design and construction phase of post-disaster reconstruction. An extensive literature review has been carried out to identify the features of modularized construction which can add value to the post-disaster recovery process. To investigate the suitability and feasibility of implementing modular construction for post-disaster reconstruction and also identify major barriers of its implementation, a survey has been conducted in 2018 among AEC experts who were experienced in the prefabricated construction industry and/or involved in post-disaster reconstruction projects. The results of the study indicate that prefabricated modular construction is a promising approach to improve time-efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction and tackle challenges of current practices by its unique benefits such as reduced demand for on-site labor (overcome local labor pool constraints impacted by the disaster) and resources (overcome shortage of equipment and materials), shorter schedule (due to concurrent & non-seasonal), reduced site congestion, and improved labor productivity (due to assembly line-like and controlled environment).","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128558933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is an essential contributor to a country’s economic growth. Unfortunately, the sector's contribution to the economy is hindered by numerous risk surrounding a construction project. Despite the harmful effect of construction risk, it cannot be eliminated but it can only be managed. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the practice adopted for managing construction risk within Nigeria construction industry. The quantitative research approach was adopted, and a descriptive study was selected because it gives an accurate account of the characteristics, for example, the behaviour, opinions, abilities, beliefs and knowledge of a situation or group. The questionnaire was sent out to 200 respondents out of which a total of 150 questionnaires were valid. All the valid questionnaires were analysed using SPSS v23 adopting the exploratory factor analysis method. The findings showed that just like developed countries the Nigeria construction industry adopt the best practice of risk management in construction projects. These practices include risk identification, assessment, response and control. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that under risk identification the practice adopted by the construction professionals is dived into information sourcing and history of the project. Concerning risk assessment, the practice comprises of event analysis and creating a picture of the project. The method adopted for risk response includes generating a risk reduction methodology, establishing risk management back up plan and shifting the risk to a third party. Whereas for risk control the practice consists of enhancing construction project quality and improving the program plan of the construction project. The study contributes to the better management of construction project risk in Nigeria.
{"title":"Evaluation of Risk Management Practice in the Nigeria Construction Industry","authors":"M. C. Ugwu, T. Osunsanmi, C. Aigbavboa","doi":"10.29173/MOCS116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS116","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is an essential contributor to a country’s economic growth. Unfortunately, the sector's contribution to the economy is hindered by numerous risk surrounding a construction project. Despite the harmful effect of construction risk, it cannot be eliminated but it can only be managed. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the practice adopted for managing construction risk within Nigeria construction industry. The quantitative research approach was adopted, and a descriptive study was selected because it gives an accurate account of the characteristics, for example, the behaviour, opinions, abilities, beliefs and knowledge of a situation or group. The questionnaire was sent out to 200 respondents out of which a total of 150 questionnaires were valid. All the valid questionnaires were analysed using SPSS v23 adopting the exploratory factor analysis method. The findings showed that just like developed countries the Nigeria construction industry adopt the best practice of risk management in construction projects. These practices include risk identification, assessment, response and control. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that under risk identification the practice adopted by the construction professionals is dived into information sourcing and history of the project. Concerning risk assessment, the practice comprises of event analysis and creating a picture of the project. The method adopted for risk response includes generating a risk reduction methodology, establishing risk management back up plan and shifting the risk to a third party. Whereas for risk control the practice consists of enhancing construction project quality and improving the program plan of the construction project. The study contributes to the better management of construction project risk in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121156614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is known for the high number of accidents occurring within the industry. This is due to the hazardous working processes which have led to severe injuries, disabilities and fatalities. Towards reducing this hazards numerous health and safety regulations have been provided by construction firms in Nigeria. Despite the provision of the regulations hazards and accidents is still experienced on construction sites. Thus, this study appraised the challenges of ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations by construction workers in the Nigeria construction industry. Data were obtained from safety personnel and construction professionals using questionnaires through a convenience sampling method. One hundred and thirty-eight were used for the analysis out of one hundred and sixty-eight that was distributed to the respondents. The questionnaire was analysed using SPSS V 24 adopting Factor analysis and mean item score. The findings clearly show that construction workers compliance to health and safety requirements is below average while the factor analysis shows inadequate safety equipment, low awareness to occupational health and poor compliance to health and safety requirements are the major challenges hindering the compliance rate. The study recommends that implementation of the use of innovative measures and hi-tech devices such as radio frequency identification for effective monitoring of construction workers. It also recommends the involvement of construction workers when making the health and safety policies. This study contributes towards improving the occupational safety experienced on construction sites within the country.
建筑行业以事故频发而闻名。这是由于危险的工作过程导致严重的伤害、残疾和死亡。为了减少这种危险，尼日利亚的建筑公司制定了许多健康和安全条例。尽管有相关法规的规定，但施工现场的危险和事故仍然时有发生。因此，本研究评估了确保尼日利亚建筑业的建筑工人遵守健康和安全条例所面临的挑战。采用方便抽样法，对安全人员和施工专业人员进行问卷调查。在分发给受访者的168份中，有138份被用于分析。采用SPSS V 24进行问卷分析，采用因子分析和平均项目得分。调查结果清楚地表明，建筑工人对健康和安全要求的遵守程度低于平均水平，而因素分析表明，安全设备不足、职业健康意识低以及对健康和安全要求的遵守程度低是阻碍合规率的主要挑战。研究建议采用创新措施和高科技设备，例如无线电频率识别，以有效监察建筑工人。它还建议在制定健康和安全政策时让建筑工人参与进来。这项研究有助于改善国内建筑工地的职业安全经验。
{"title":"Appraisal of the Challenges to Ensuring Occupational Health and Safety Compliance within the Nigerian Construction Industry","authors":"C. Arum, T. Osunsanmi, C. Aigbavboa","doi":"10.29173/MOCS130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS130","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is known for the high number of accidents occurring within the industry. This is due to the hazardous working processes which have led to severe injuries, disabilities and fatalities. Towards reducing this hazards numerous health and safety regulations have been provided by construction firms in Nigeria. Despite the provision of the regulations hazards and accidents is still experienced on construction sites. Thus, this study appraised the challenges of ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations by construction workers in the Nigeria construction industry. Data were obtained from safety personnel and construction professionals using questionnaires through a convenience sampling method. One hundred and thirty-eight were used for the analysis out of one hundred and sixty-eight that was distributed to the respondents. The questionnaire was analysed using SPSS V 24 adopting Factor analysis and mean item score. The findings clearly show that construction workers compliance to health and safety requirements is below average while the factor analysis shows inadequate safety equipment, low awareness to occupational health and poor compliance to health and safety requirements are the major challenges hindering the compliance rate. The study recommends that implementation of the use of innovative measures and hi-tech devices such as radio frequency identification for effective monitoring of construction workers. It also recommends the involvement of construction workers when making the health and safety policies. This study contributes towards improving the occupational safety experienced on construction sites within the country.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131077850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress has been identified as a significant hindrance to construction professional’s performance on site. Unfortunately, stress cannot be eliminated on site, but it can only be managed with different stress coping strategies. Therefore, this study aimed at appraising the strategy adopted by construction professionals for coping with stress. Although past studies have examined strategies adopted for dealing with the stress from two dimensions namely: problem-solving and emotional based stress coping strategies. This study introduced the third dimension and called it acceptance a hybrid of previous dimensions. It also appraised the strategy adopted by construction professionals for coping with stress based on their working experience. Convenience sampling method was used in gathering data from selected construction professionals in Lagos state Nigeria. A total of 62 questionnaires were obtained from the professionals out of 70 that were distributed. The data were analysed with statistical package for social science (SPSS version 24), using, mean score and Kruskal Wallis test. The findings from the Kruskal Wallis revealed that the strategy for coping with stress coping is dependent on the construction professionals working experience. The study concludes that communication is a crucial element for coping with construction stress. The study recommends that construction firms and project managers should provide opportunities for construction workers to communicate among themselves. The findings from this study will be useful for project managers and construction firms in Nigeria towards ameliorating the adverse effect of stress among construction professionals.
压力已被确定为建筑专业人员在现场表现的重大障碍。不幸的是，压力不能在现场消除，但它只能通过不同的压力应对策略来管理。因此，本研究旨在评估建筑专业人员应对压力的策略。虽然过去的研究从两个维度考察了处理压力的策略，即:解决问题的策略和基于情绪的压力应对策略。这项研究引入了第三个维度，并将其称为接受，是前几个维度的混合体。它还根据建筑专业人员的工作经验评估了他们应对压力的策略。采用便利抽样法对尼日利亚拉各斯州选定的建筑专业人员进行数据收集。在分发的70份问卷中，共有62份来自专业人士。数据分析采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS version 24)，采用均分和Kruskal Wallis检验。Kruskal Wallis的研究结果表明，建筑专业人员应对压力的策略与工作经验有关。研究得出结论，沟通是应对施工压力的关键因素。该研究建议建筑公司和项目经理应为建筑工人提供相互沟通的机会。本研究的结果将有助于尼日利亚的项目经理和建筑公司改善建筑专业人员压力的不利影响。
{"title":"Appraisal of Strategy Adopted by Construction Professionals for Coping with Stress","authors":"T. Osunsanmi, Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke, C. Aigbavboa","doi":"10.29173/MOCS118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS118","url":null,"abstract":"Stress has been identified as a significant hindrance to construction professional’s performance on site. Unfortunately, stress cannot be eliminated on site, but it can only be managed with different stress coping strategies. Therefore, this study aimed at appraising the strategy adopted by construction professionals for coping with stress. Although past studies have examined strategies adopted for dealing with the stress from two dimensions namely: problem-solving and emotional based stress coping strategies. This study introduced the third dimension and called it acceptance a hybrid of previous dimensions. It also appraised the strategy adopted by construction professionals for coping with stress based on their working experience. Convenience sampling method was used in gathering data from selected construction professionals in Lagos state Nigeria. A total of 62 questionnaires were obtained from the professionals out of 70 that were distributed. The data were analysed with statistical package for social science (SPSS version 24), using, mean score and Kruskal Wallis test. The findings from the Kruskal Wallis revealed that the strategy for coping with stress coping is dependent on the construction professionals working experience. The study concludes that communication is a crucial element for coping with construction stress. The study recommends that construction firms and project managers should provide opportunities for construction workers to communicate among themselves. The findings from this study will be useful for project managers and construction firms in Nigeria towards ameliorating the adverse effect of stress among construction professionals.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132631242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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