Scripta Materialia最新文献

英文中文

Effect of B4C addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L austenitic stainless steel fabricated using laser powder bed fusion 添加 B4C 对使用激光粉末床熔融技术制造的 304L 奥氏体不锈钢微观结构和机械性能的影响

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116458

Xiaoyu Sun , Hang Sun , Zhiguang Zhu , Upadrasta Ramamurty

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L austenitic stainless steel fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) upon the addition of B₄C are examined. The addition of B₄C induces the formation of Cr₂B at the cell boundaries and a multi-scale microstructural evolution that includes changes in the ferrite content, grain morphology, and crack formation, all of which significantly enhanced the yield strength of 304L at room temperature, due to the formation of Cr₂B and C in solid solution. However, the C in solution, combined with the formation of Cr₂B that consumes Cr from the alloy, increases the stacking fault energy (SFE) and, in turn, inhibits the stress-induced martensitic transformation. The primary deformation mechanism in the L-PBF 304L added with 1 wt.% B₄C transitions from twinning at room temperature to stress-induced martensitic transformation, due to the reduced SFE, at 77 K.

研究了采用激光粉末床熔融（L-PBF）技术制造的 304L 奥氏体不锈钢在添加 B4C 后的微观结构和机械性能。由于在固溶体中形成了 Cr2B 和 C，B4C 的添加诱导了晶胞边界 Cr2B 的形成以及包括铁素体含量变化、晶粒形态变化和裂纹形成在内的多尺度微观结构演变，所有这些都显著提高了 304L 在室温下的屈服强度。然而，溶液中的 C 以及 Cr2B 的形成会消耗合金中的 Cr，从而增加堆叠断层能（SFE），进而抑制应力诱导的马氏体转变。添加了 1 重量% B4C 的 L-PBF 304L 的主要变形机制从室温下的孪晶转变为 77 K 时的应力诱导马氏体转变，原因在于 SFE 的降低。

引用次数: 0

Modelling the evolution of microstructural bands in a martensite/austenite Q&P-processed stainless steel 马氏体/奥氏体 Q&P 加工不锈钢微观结构带演变建模

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116457

Gaojie Li , Konstantina Traka , Kees Kwarkernaak, Yaiza Gonzalez-Garcia, Maria J. Santofimia

This work discusses the microstructure evolution observed in a quenching and partitioning (Q&P)-processed martensite/austenite stainless steel during the partitioning step at 400 °C for 300 s, where distinct microstructural bands rich in austenite due to elemental segregation, evolve into a uniform distribution of austenite grains. This phenomenon is characterised and investigated using a model for the carbon partitioning from martensite to austenite coupled with the movement of the martensite-austenite interface. The observed elimination of microstructural bands is found to be related to the topological distribution of austenite grains and the heterogeneity of the thermodynamic equilibrium regime at the various interfaces governing the partitioning process. Furthermore, the concurrence of banding elimination (local equilibrium) and phase growth towards the global equilibrium phase fractions is investigated in the simulations in terms of the role of Mn. It is found that the local equilibrium-negligible partitioning (LENP) conditions lead to the most realistic outcome.

本研究讨论了在淬火和分型（Q&P）加工的马氏体/奥氏体不锈钢中观察到的微观结构演变，在 400 °C 分型步骤持续 300 秒期间，由于元素偏析而形成的富含奥氏体的明显微观结构带演变为奥氏体晶粒的均匀分布。这种现象的特征是，碳从马氏体向奥氏体的分配与马氏体-奥氏体界面的运动相结合，并利用该模型进行了研究。研究发现，所观察到的微观结构带的消除与奥氏体晶粒的拓扑分布以及支配分割过程的各种界面的热力学平衡机制的异质性有关。此外，模拟还从锰的作用角度研究了带状消除（局部平衡）和向全局平衡相分数的相生长的共存关系。结果发现，局部平衡-可忽略分区（LENP）条件导致了最现实的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Strain glass state in Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 high-temperature shape memory alloy Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 高温形状记忆合金中的应变玻璃态

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116449

Longjia Li , Zhongsheng Yang , Kengfeng Xu , Dingcong Cui , Lei Wang , Zhijun Wang , Junjie Li , Jincheng Wang , Feng He

NiTiHf alloy is one of the most promising candidates for high-temperature shape-memory actuators. Although the phase transition behavior of NiTiHf is well understood, there are still new revelations. Here, we for the first time report the strain glass state in a NiTiHf alloy. Our results demonstrate that the H-phase precursor generated during rapid cooling suppresses the normal martensitic phase transition of NiTiHf, leading to the strain glass state. Moreover, we successfully controlled the strain glass transition via changing the cooling rate. These new findings make the NiTiHf system promising for high-temperature superelastic materials.

镍钛铪合金是高温形状记忆致动器最有前途的候选材料之一。尽管人们对 NiTiHf 的相变行为已经有了很好的了解，但仍有新的发现。在此，我们首次报告了镍钛钨合金的应变玻璃态。我们的研究结果表明，在快速冷却过程中产生的 H 相前驱体抑制了 NiTiHf 的正常马氏体相变，从而导致了应变玻璃态。此外，我们还通过改变冷却速度成功地控制了应变玻璃化转变。这些新发现使 NiTiHf 系统有望成为高温超弹性材料。

引用次数: 0

Alternating ductile and brittle cracking mode in medium manganese steel sheets 中锰钢板的韧性和脆性交替开裂模式

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116450

Thibaut Heremans , Astrid Perlade , Pascal J. Jacques , Thomas Pardoen

Medium manganese steel sheets exhibit an unusual alternating failure mode transition involving an arrowhead fracture pattern under various loading conditions. Tests were performed using an Arcan setup with different shear-to-tension ratios and specimen orientations to explore the failure mechanisms and unravel the root causes of the transition. The fracture surfaces, characterized by optical and electron microscopy, show a periodic switchover from ductile damage to quasi-cleavage, organized into repeating arrowhead zones pointing towards the crack propagation direction. The step-by-step crack propagation leaves a signature on the load-displacement curve matching the discontinuous cracking events found on the fracture surfaces. A reduction of the stress-intensity factor due to sudden crack advance and associated load drop causes the brittle crack to arrest. Periodic porosity clusters under the fracture surface indicate re-blunting after each cycle of stable/unstable fracture.

在各种加载条件下，中锰钢板表现出不同寻常的交替失效模式转变，其中包括箭头断裂模式。我们使用不同剪切张力比和试样方向的 Arcan 装置进行了试验，以探索失效机理并揭示这种转变的根本原因。通过光学和电子显微镜观察，断裂表面显示出从韧性破坏到准脆化的周期性转换，形成指向裂纹扩展方向的重复箭头区。裂纹的逐步扩展在载荷-位移曲线上留下了与断裂表面不连续裂纹事件相匹配的特征。由于裂纹的突然推进和相关载荷的下降，应力强度因子降低，导致脆性裂纹停止。断裂面下的周期性孔隙群表明，在每次稳定/不稳定断裂循环后都会出现再疏松现象。

引用次数: 0

An in-situ Raman spectroscopy investigation of the oxidation of proton irradiated and cold-worked 304L stainless steel in oxygenated water at 300°C 质子辐照和冷加工的 304L 不锈钢在 300°C 含氧水中氧化的原位拉曼光谱研究

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116447

V.S. Ramsundar, A. Shaik, K. Daub, M.R. Daymond, S.Y. Persaud

A facility consisting of a high temperature and pressure corrosion loop coupled with in-situ Raman spectroscopy and proton irradiation has been used to investigate the oxide development on as-received, cold-worked and proton-irradiated 304 L stainless steel (SS) in water at 300 °C over a 48-hour period. Chemical and semi-quantitative kinetic information were obtained. The as-received and 0.1 dpa SS displayed similar oxidation kinetics and chemistry across all timespans, indicating that the damage imparted by protons was not sufficient in this case to manifest a detectable change in the oxide. However, modifications in the spinel oxide chemistry and increased oxidation kinetics with time were observed for the 3.0 dpa and cold-worked SS.

我们利用由高温高压腐蚀环路、原位拉曼光谱和质子辐照组成的设备，研究了在 300 °C 的水中，原样接收、冷加工和质子辐照 304 L 不锈钢（SS）在 48 小时内的氧化物发展情况。研究获得了化学和半定量动力学信息。原样和 0.1 dpa 的不锈钢在所有时间段内都显示出相似的氧化动力学和化学性质，这表明质子造成的破坏不足以使氧化物发生可检测的变化。然而，在 3.0 dpa 和冷加工 SS 中观察到尖晶石氧化物化学性质发生了变化，氧化动力学随时间的推移而增加。

引用次数: 0

Measuring the strength of ductile microparticles at extreme strain rates 在极端应变速率下测量韧性微粒的强度

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116446

Tyler J. Lucas , Chrisopher A. Schuh

We propose a method using high-velocity ballistic impacts of deformable microparticles on a rigid target to assess particle strength at strain rates exceeding 10⁶/s. High-speed imaging allows us to view particle behavior in-situ, which is then compared to models to elicit insight into plasticity. Over a range of velocities, the power-law decline of the rebound velocity permits fitting with a single dynamic yield strength, which finite element analysis shows matches well with the average strength of the particle over the duration of the impact, even as it experiences large strain and strain-rate hardening.

我们提出了一种方法，利用可变形微颗粒对刚性目标的高速弹道冲击，来评估颗粒在应变率超过 106/s 时的强度。通过高速成像，我们可以在原位观察微粒的行为，然后将其与模型进行比较，从而深入了解塑性。在一定的速度范围内，反弹速度的幂律下降允许与单一的动态屈服强度相匹配，有限元分析表明，这种屈服强度与颗粒在撞击持续时间内的平均强度非常吻合，即使在颗粒经历大应变和应变速率硬化的情况下也是如此。

引用次数: 0

Thermo-kinetic origin for strength-ductility trade-off phenomena 强度-电导率折衷现象的热动力学起源

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116448

Zhigang Ding , Jincheng Kan , Haoran Peng , Linke Huang , Huaiyu Hou , Feng Liu

Strength-ductility trade-off has been a long-standing dilemma in materials science, greatly limit the potential applications of various structural materials. Here, we explore the underlying physics of such paradox based on recently proposed generalized stability (GS) criterion. We propose that the strength-ductility trade-off relationship physically dominated by the correlation between thermodynamics driving force (ΔG) and the kinetic energy barrier (Q). Thus, we establish an intrinsic connection between GS criterion and mechanical properties, that high ΔG correspond to high strength, while small GS values associate with high plasticity. Additionally, we find that a new thermo-kinetic correlation ensuring sufficiently slow and steady dislocation slip in nano-twinned crystalline and gradient nanocrystalline, which break the original thermo-kinetic correlation for dislocation slip in nanocrystalline and achieve an excellent strength-ductility balance. This offers a quantitative method to optimize the strength and ductility of metal materials by thermo-kinetic properties.

强度-电导率权衡一直是材料科学领域长期存在的难题，极大地限制了各种结构材料的潜在应用。在此，我们基于最近提出的广义稳定性（GS）准则，探讨了这种悖论的基本物理学原理。我们提出，强度-电导率权衡关系受热力学驱动力（ΔG）和动能势垒（Q）之间相关性的物理支配。因此，我们建立了 GS 标准与机械性能之间的内在联系，即高ΔG 对应于高强度，而小 GS 值则与高塑性相关。此外，我们还发现了一种新的热动力学相关性，可确保纳米孪晶和梯度纳米晶中的位错滑移足够缓慢和稳定，从而打破了纳米晶中位错滑移的原有热动力学相关性，实现了极佳的强度-电导率平衡。这为通过热动力学特性优化金属材料的强度和延展性提供了一种定量方法。

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引用次数: 0

Cooperative game during phase transformations in complex alloy systems 复杂合金体系相变过程中的合作博弈

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116440

Dingqi Zhao , Junwei Qiao , Yong Zhang , Peter K. Liaw

Phase-transformation models in high-entropy alloys face a dual challenge of scale and complexity because of their characteristics of complex systems. The phase-transformation theory in simple alloys is based on reductionism, which has limitations when used for complex systems. Under the framework of the renormalization group procedure, a machine-learning method was employed that can describe phase-transformations in alloy systems in a manner that differs from traditional data-driven machine learning. We have constructed a comprehensive alloy dataset, grounded in real experimental data, to validate our models. A 98 % accuracy rate has been achieved by the algorithm in the test set. Using the cooperative game theory to further explain the mathematical model established by machine learning, it is found that the established model can include some phase-transformation criteria found by previous researchers. The findings of this study provide insights into the order-disorder phase transformation in alloys from a new perspective, as well as some specific conclusions that are applicable to the design of complex alloys.

由于高熵合金具有复杂系统的特点，因此其相变模型面临着规模和复杂性的双重挑战。简单合金中的相变理论以还原论为基础，在用于复杂系统时具有局限性。在重正化群程序的框架下，我们采用了一种机器学习方法，该方法能够以不同于传统数据驱动机器学习的方式描述合金系统中的相变。我们构建了一个以真实实验数据为基础的综合合金数据集，以验证我们的模型。该算法在测试集中达到了 98% 的准确率。利用合作博弈论进一步解释机器学习建立的数学模型，发现建立的模型可以包含前人发现的一些相变标准。本研究的发现从一个新的视角揭示了合金中的有序-无序相变，并得出了一些适用于复杂合金设计的具体结论。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of hydrogen on the basal dissociation of 〈a〉-type screw dislocation core in titanium 氢对钛中〈a〉型螺旋位错核心基底解离的影响

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116444

Yunping Jia , Yijie Chen , Shuanglin Hu , Xiaosong Zhou

The existence of basal dissociated screw dislocation core structure of titanium with different H concentrations is investigated by first-principles calculation. The calculation of stacking fault energy of the basal plane with H in different layers suggests that a high H concentration would be beneficial for basal dissociation. The direct calculation based on the dislocation core instead proved that a small amount of H cannot stabilize the basal dissociated core structure. When H concentration increases, the basal dissociated core configuration and some mixed cores with basal faults could be more stable than the pyramidal dissociated structure.

通过第一性原理计算研究了不同H浓度下钛基底离解螺旋位错核心结构的存在。对不同层中基底面与 H 的堆叠断层能的计算表明，高浓度的 H 有利于基底离解。基于位错核心的直接计算反而证明，少量的 H 不能稳定基底解离核心结构。当 H 浓度增加时，基底离解型核心结构和一些带有基底断层的混合核心结构可能比金字塔离解型结构更稳定。

引用次数: 0

Recipients of the 2023 Acta Materialia, inc. student awards Acta Materialia 公司 2023 年度学生奖获得者

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116408

引用次数: 0

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