Scripta Materialia最新文献

英文中文

Abnormal densification of dislocation networks during creep deformation in a single crystal superalloy with a small γ/γ′ lattice misfit 具有较小γ/γ′晶格失配的单晶超合金在蠕变变形过程中位错网络的异常致密化

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116399

Xipeng Tao, Xinguang Wang, Jinguo Li, Xiaofeng Sun, Yizhou Zhou

Generally, with a large lattice misfit, dislocations tend to move smoothly via cross-slip in γ channels, and rapidly reorient themselves from the 〈110〉 to 〈100〉 direction on the surface of γ′ cuboids to form complete networks in single-crystal superalloys. However, in this study, dense and complete dislocation networks also formed in a single-crystal superalloy with a small γ/γ′ lattice misfit during high-temperature creep deformation. The abnormal densification of dislocation networks was proven to be related to the anomalous enrichment of W and Ta in γ′ phases during the secondary creep stage. Microstructural analysis suggested that anomalous enrichment contributed to an elevated antiphase boundary energy (APBE) of γ′ phases and led to more vacancies within the γ phase, promoting dislocation climb. The higher APBE of γ′ phases impeded dislocations from cutting into γ′ phases, providing enough time for interfacial dislocations to climb through vacancies and rotate to form dense dislocation networks.

一般来说，当晶格错位较大时，位错倾向于在γ通道中通过交叉滑移平稳移动，并在γ′立方体表面迅速从〈110〉方向重新定向到〈100〉方向，从而在单晶超合金中形成完整的网络。然而，在本研究中，在高温蠕变变形过程中，在具有较小γ/γ′晶格错配的单晶超合金中也形成了致密和完整的位错网络。位错网络的异常致密化被证明与二次蠕变阶段γ′相中W和Ta的异常富集有关。微结构分析表明，异常富集导致γ′相的反相边界能（APBE）升高，并导致γ相中出现更多空位，从而促进位错攀升。γ′相较高的APBE阻碍了位错切入γ′相，为界面位错提供了足够的时间爬过空位并旋转形成密集的位错网络。

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引用次数: 0

Intermittent in-situ high-resolution X-ray microscopy of 400-nm porous glass under uniaxial compression: Study of pore changes and crack formation 单轴压缩下 400 纳米多孔玻璃的间歇性原位高分辨率 X 射线显微镜：孔隙变化和裂纹形成研究

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116396

Sebastian Schäfer , François Willot , Hrishikesh Bale , Mansoureh Norouzi Rad , Stephen T. Kelly , Dirk Enke , Juliana Martins de Souza e Silva

Understanding the relationship between the structure of porous glasses and their failure behavior is crucial for developing reliable porous glasses for specific applications. In this study, we used nanometer resolution X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) to image a controlled pore glass (CPG) with 400 nm-sized pores under in-situ uniaxial compression. Our results demonstrate that in-situ nano-CT is an excellent tool for identifying damage mechanisms in 400 nm pore glass. It allowed us to track changes in the shape of pores and pore walls during compression until the specimen failed. We also used computational tools to analyze the microstructural changes within the CPG sample, mapping displacements and strain fields. Additionally, we simulated the behavior of the CPG using a Fast Fourier Transform/Phase Field method. Both experimental and numerical data revealed local shear deformation occurring along bands, consistent with the appearance and propagation of ± 45-degree cracks.

了解多孔玻璃的结构与其失效行为之间的关系，对于为特定应用开发可靠的多孔玻璃至关重要。在这项研究中，我们使用纳米分辨率的 X 射线计算机断层扫描（nano-CT）对具有 400 纳米大小孔隙的受控孔隙玻璃（CPG）进行了原位单轴压缩成像。我们的研究结果表明，原位纳米计算机断层扫描是确定 400 纳米孔隙玻璃损伤机制的绝佳工具。它使我们能够跟踪压缩过程中孔隙和孔壁形状的变化，直至试样失效。我们还使用计算工具来分析 CPG 样品内部的微观结构变化，绘制位移和应变场。此外，我们还使用快速傅立叶变换/相场方法模拟了 CPG 的行为。实验数据和数值数据均显示，局部剪切变形沿着带状发生，与 ± 45 度裂纹的出现和扩展相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation of local strain distribution induced by deformation twins and triggering effect of deformation twinning on neighboring grains in polycrystalline AZ31 magnesium alloys 定量评估多晶 AZ31 镁合金中变形孪晶诱发的局部应变分布以及变形孪晶对相邻晶粒的触发效应

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116388

Saho Yako, Myeong-heom Park, Nobuhiro Tsuji

{10 \overline{1} 2} < \overline{1} 011 >

deformation twinning commonly occurs in Mg/Mg alloys. In their polycrystals, however, twinning is not always activated at locations with high Schmid factor for

{10 \overline{1} 2} < \overline{1} 011 >

twinning. It is believed that twinning behavior in polycrystalline Mg/Mg alloys can be understood with a consideration of interaction between adjacent twins as well as local deformation behavior on a micro- and meso‑structural scale. In this study, we theoretically estimate local plastic strain within twins by transforming coordinates and then compare it with that experimentally obtained from digital image correlation (DIC) analysis for understanding the reason for non-Schmid twinning in polycrystalline-Mg alloys. The theoretically estimated strain of twins was found to be in good agreement with the DIC-strain value. Furthermore, it was observed that the variant selection of twin can be explained by the compatibility parameter m’, rather than Schmid factor, suggesting that twin activation in polycrystalline-Mg is strongly influenced by adjacently appeared twins.

{101‾2}<1‾011>变形孪晶通常发生在镁/镁合金中。然而，在其多晶体中，孪晶并不总是在{101‾2}<1‾011>孪晶的高施密特因子位置被激活。人们认为，要理解多晶镁/镁合金中的孪生行为，就必须考虑相邻孪晶之间的相互作用以及微观和中观结构尺度上的局部变形行为。在本研究中，我们通过变换坐标对孪晶内部的局部塑性应变进行了理论估算，然后将其与通过数字图像相关分析（DIC）获得的实验应变进行比较，以了解多晶镁合金中出现非施密德孪晶的原因。结果发现，理论估算的孪晶应变与 DIC 应变值十分吻合。此外，研究还发现，孪晶的变异选择可以用相容性参数 m' 而不是 Schmid 因子来解释，这表明多晶镁合金中的孪晶活化受到相邻孪晶的强烈影响。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneously enhancing the strength and ductility of Cu-Ti-Fe alloy through electric current pulse induced precipitation 通过电流脉冲诱导沉淀同时提高铜钛铁合金的强度和延展性

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116387

Gaolei Xu , Yunqing Zhu , Lijun Peng , Xujun Mi , Haofeng Xie , Yicheng Cao , Xuehua Li

Cu-Ti alloys are key materials for use of next-generation high-strength elastic components to replace hazardous Cu-Be alloys, but the tensile strength and ductiltiy are difficult to cooperative control through the conventional aging treatment. In this study, we successfully induced an electric current pulse (ECP) to promote the nucleation and precipitation of metastable phases during the fabrication of Cu-Ti-Fe alloy. It is noteworthy that a large quantity of the nanoscale β'-Cu₄Ti phase rapidly precipitated under an extremely short electropulse duration (90 s). After further aging, higher density and finer β'-Cu₄Ti precipitates were detected in the matrix, which significantly hindered the occurrence of discontinuous precipitation (DP) behavior. Compared with traditional aging treatment, the tensile strength and elongation of alloy with ECP and aging increased by 103 MPa and 8%, respectively. These results provide guidance for the simultaneous strength–ductility enhancements of various metallic materials.

Cu-Ti 合金是用于下一代高强度弹性元件的关键材料，可替代有害的 Cu-Be 合金，但其拉伸强度和延展性很难通过传统的时效处理进行协同控制。在本研究中，我们成功地在铜-钛-铁合金的制造过程中诱导了电流脉冲（ECP），以促进析出相的成核和析出。值得注意的是，在极短的电脉冲持续时间（90 秒）内，大量纳米级 β'-Cu4Ti 相迅速析出。进一步老化后，在基体中发现了密度更高、更细的β'-Cu4Ti沉淀，这大大阻碍了不连续沉淀（DP）行为的发生。与传统的时效处理相比，经过 ECP 和时效处理的合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了 103 兆帕和 8%。这些结果为同时提高各种金属材料的强度和电导率提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Superior high-temperature strength of a carbide-reinforced high-entropy alloy with ultrafine eutectoid structure 具有超细共晶结构的碳化物强化高熵合金的优异高温强度

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116393

Xiao Wang , Guoqiang Luo , Qinqin Wei , Yi Sun , Wei Huang , Jian Peng , Jian Zhang , Qiang Shen

Refractory alloys with high-temperature softening resistance are crucial for extreme high-temperature components in aerospace and weapon equipment. Traditional alloys and single-phase refractory high-entropy alloys suffer from unstable microstructures and loss of strength at high temperatures. Here we report a strategy to obtain a superior strong high-entropy alloy by introducing carbides to form micro-nano scale eutectic and eutectoid structures. These metal-carbide interfaces remain stable under high-temperature deformation and exhibit strong dislocation blocking effects. The ultrafine eutectoid structure provides a primary strengthening effect due to its numerous enhanced phase interfaces. The resulting alloy achieves a high temperature yield strength of 1.17 GPa at 1473 K and 0.92 GPa at 1673 K. This work provides valuable insights for optimizing the high-temperature performance and microstructure design of high-temperature composites to further extend their potential applications in high-temperature areas.

耐高温软化的耐火合金对于航空航天和武器装备中的极端高温部件至关重要。传统合金和单相耐火高熵合金在高温下存在微观结构不稳定和强度降低的问题。在此，我们报告了一种通过引入碳化物形成微纳米尺度共晶和类共晶结构来获得高强度高熵合金的策略。这些金属-碳化物界面在高温变形下保持稳定，并表现出很强的位错阻挡效应。超细共晶结构因其众多的强化相界面而具有主要的强化效果。这项工作为优化高温复合材料的高温性能和微观结构设计提供了宝贵的见解，从而进一步拓展了其在高温领域的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Phase evolutions and the growth of Kirkendall voids in the V–Zn system V-Zn 系统中的相变和 Kirkendall 空洞的增长

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116391

Shubhangini Yadav, Varun A. Baheti

The V-Zn phase diagram became available after 1990. The existence of the VZn₁₆ phase has been questioned mainly. A solid–state diffusion experiment is conducted to reinvestigate the stability of phases. The interdiffusion zone is examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Our analysis confirms that VZn₁₆ is one of the stable phases. Additionally, the growth of the VZn₉ product phase is observed in the V/Zn diffusion couple, indicating that this newly discovered phase is also stable. Furthermore, the formation of the Kirkendall voids is observed in the VZn₃ phase, which can affect the physico–mechanical reliability of any component during load-bearing application. Moreover, this study's findings could also be beneficial for the ongoing efforts of designing promising Zn–based biomaterials.

V-Zn 相图是在 1990 年之后出现的。VZn16 相的存在主要受到质疑。为了重新研究相的稳定性，我们进行了一次固态扩散实验。我们使用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱对相互扩散区进行了研究。我们的分析证实 VZn16 是稳定相之一。此外，在 V/Zn 扩散耦合区还观察到 VZn9 产物相的生长，表明这一新发现的相也是稳定的。此外，在 VZn3 相中还观察到 Kirkendall 空洞的形成，这可能会影响任何部件在承载应用中的物理机械可靠性。此外，这项研究的发现还有助于目前设计有前途的锌基生物材料的工作。

引用次数: 0

Diffusible hydrogen facilitated stress corrosion cracking in 316 stainless steel using in-situ gaseous hydrogen charging in simulated PWR environment 在模拟压水堆环境中使用原位气态充氢，扩散氢促进 316 不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116390

Zihao Wang , Houzhi Liu , Yutaka Watanabe , Tetsuo Shoji , Xiangyu Zhong , Zhengcao Li , Sergio Lozano-Perez

In this article, we introduce a novel in-situ hydrogen charging method for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) testing in a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment at 325 °C for the first time. This method effectively mitigates the interference of the electrochemical charging on the corrosion potential, and the limitation of maintaining a stable hydrogen concentration in the materials using any pre-charge methods. This approach ensures a sufficient and stable amount of diffusible hydrogen (DiffH) within the alloy matrix, which effectively maximizes the effect of diffusible hydrogen in the matrix influencing SCC at high temperatures. Post-experimental characterization reveals that DiffH has a significant impact on the oxidation behaviour near the crack tip. Notably, diffusion induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) is greatly reduced while the preferential intergranular oxidation is still present, suggesting a complex role of DiffH on SCC.

本文首次介绍了一种新型原位充氢方法，用于在 325 °C 高温高压水环境中进行应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）测试。这种方法有效地减少了电化学充氢对腐蚀电位的干扰，以及使用任何预充氢方法在材料中保持稳定氢浓度的限制。这种方法确保了合金基体中有足够且稳定的扩散氢（DiffH），从而有效地最大限度地发挥了基体中的扩散氢对高温下 SCC 的影响。实验后的表征显示，DiffH 对裂纹尖端附近的氧化行为有显著影响。值得注意的是，扩散诱导的晶界迁移（DIGM）大大减少，而优先的晶间氧化仍然存在，这表明 DiffH 对 SCC 起着复杂的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Coarsening kinetics of alloy-doped nanoporous metals 合金掺杂纳米多孔金属的粗化动力学

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116373

Luis Granadillo , Joshua Snyder , Zhiyong Xia , Ian McCue

Due to their high surface-to-volume ratios, nanoporous metals are being explored for a range of catalytic and structural applications. However, these materials have thermodynamically unstable morphologies and degrade via coarsening at elevated temperatures. One potential mitigation strategy is to introduce atomic species that inhibit diffusional transport, but there is limited mechanistic understanding. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, the impact of a slow-diffusing dopant on the coarsening behavior of a nanoporous metal is studied using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations were analyzed using reaction models and isoconversional analyses to extract constitutive coarsening laws, which confirm a coarsening exponent associated with classical surface diffusion. In addition, a rate equation is derived for the role of alloying dopants. It is found that only a few atomic percent is needed to stymie coarsening over experimentally relevant timescales, which has broad implications for the future design and tailoring of these materials.

由于纳米多孔金属具有很高的表面体积比，因此正在被探索用于一系列催化和结构应用。然而，这些材料的形态在热力学上并不稳定，在高温下会发生粗化降解。一种潜在的缓解策略是引入抑制扩散传输的原子物种，但目前对其机理的了解还很有限。为了着手解决这一知识空白，我们利用蒙特卡罗动力学模拟研究了慢扩散掺杂剂对纳米多孔金属粗化行为的影响。利用反应模型和等转换分析对模拟进行了分析，从而提取出构成性粗化规律，该规律证实了与经典表面扩散相关的粗化指数。此外，还得出了合金掺杂物作用的速率方程。研究发现，在实验相关的时间尺度内，只需要几个原子百分点就能阻止粗化，这对这些材料的未来设计和定制具有广泛的影响。

引用次数: 0

Beyond the dynamic Hall-Petch effect: Mechanical twinning for microscopic strain delocalization 超越动态霍尔-佩奇效应：微观应变分散的机械孪晶

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116346

Jiyun Kang, C. Cem Tasan

Mechanically-induced twinning is considered a beneficial deformation micro-mechanism, primarily due to the dynamic Hall-Petch effect arising from grain size refinement through twinning processes. Yet, in alloys where damage initiation is strongly texture-dependent, the orientation change associated with mechanically-induced twinning can also yield advantagenous outcomes. To demonstrate this, we employ high-resolution in-situ microstructure-based digital image correlation (μ-DIC) techniques to investigate strain heterogeneity modulated by the activation of

{10 \bar{1} 2}

extension twinning and its macroscopic consequences in a titanium alloy. Our observations reveal the formation of intense strain localization bands due to pyramidal I <c+a> slip activation in the early plasticity regime (ε∼0.01). However, the intensity of these bands diminishes as

{10 \bar{1} 2}

twins nucleate and propagate. As deformation progresses, the strain distribution becomes more uniform across the microstructure, attributed to strain delocalization effects caused by twin propagation. Quantitative damage analysis suggests that strain delocalization by

{10 \bar{1} 2}

twin activation can enhance microstructural damage resistance.

机械诱导孪晶被认为是一种有益的变形微观机制，这主要是由于通过孪晶过程细化晶粒尺寸所产生的动态霍尔-佩奇效应。然而，在损伤起始强烈依赖于纹理的合金中，与机械诱导孪晶相关的取向变化也会产生有利的结果。为了证明这一点，我们采用基于微观结构的高分辨率原位数字图像相关（μ-DIC）技术，研究了钛合金中{101¯2}延伸孪晶的激活所调制的应变异质性及其宏观后果。我们的观察结果表明，在塑性早期（ε∼0.01），由于金字塔 I <c+a>滑移激活，形成了强烈的应变定位带。然而，随着{101¯2}孪晶的成核和扩展，这些条带的强度逐渐减弱。随着变形的进行，整个微观结构的应变分布变得更加均匀，这归因于孪晶扩展引起的应变分散效应。定量损伤分析表明，{101¯2}孪晶活化引起的应变分散可以增强微结构的抗损伤能力。

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引用次数: 0

Anisotropic slip behaviour of lath martensite block in ultra-low carbon steel 超低碳钢中板条马氏体块的各向异性滑移行为

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116389

Shohei Ueki , Shigekazu Morito

The yielding behaviour and deformed microstructure of lath martensite blocks in ultra-low carbon steel were examined using micro-sized tensile specimens with different habit-plane orientations to elucidate anisotropic slip behaviour. The resolved shear stress at 0.2 % proof stress for slips parallel to the habit plane was lower than that for slips across the habit plane. Post-yielding electron backscatter diffraction analysis demonstrated that slip transfer across sub-block and lath boundaries occurred readily in the in-habit-plane direction, and with difficulty in the out-of-habit-plane direction, owing to the interaction between incident and low-angle grain (sub-block and lath) boundary dislocations after the onset of plastic deformation. These findings suggest that the anisotropic and localised slip behaviour in martensite blocks is due to differences in the interaction between activated dislocations and low-angle grain boundaries, depending on the habit-plane orientation.

使用具有不同习性面方向的微尺寸拉伸试样，对超低碳钢中板条马氏体块的屈服行为和变形微观结构进行了研究，以阐明各向异性的滑移行为。平行于习性面的滑移在 0.2% 证明应力下的解析剪切应力低于横跨习性面的滑移。屈服后电子反向散射衍射分析表明，由于塑性变形开始后入射和低角度晶粒（子块和板条）边界位错之间的相互作用，在习惯面内方向很容易发生跨子块和板条边界的滑移转移，而在习惯面外方向则很难发生。这些发现表明，马氏体块中的各向异性和局部滑移行为是由于激活的位错与低角度晶界之间的相互作用存在差异，这取决于习惯面方向。

引用次数: 0

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