Scripta Materialia最新文献

英文中文

Thermal and athermal nucleation of MgSi co-clusters in Al-Mg-Si alloys Al-Mg-Si合金中MgSi共团簇的热成核和非热成核

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117114

Ya Li , Robert Kahlenberg , Philipp Retzl , Ernst Kozeschnik

The interplay between thermal and athermal nucleation of MgSi co-clusters during quenching of solution-heat-treated Al-Mg-Si alloys is investigated through computer simulations. Thermal nucleation is typically described by classical nucleation theory, which refers to the formation of supercritical nuclei via the diffusion-controlled attachment of solute atoms to clusters of critical size. In the process of athermal nucleation, pre-existing subcritical nuclei become supercritical due to a decrease in critical size, for instance, as a result of increased undercooling during quenching. In this study, we develop a comprehensive nucleation model that integrates thermal and athermal contributions, offering new insights into the MgSi co-cluster formation in Al-Mg-Si alloys during continuous cooling. The results reveal that athermal nucleation is the predominant nucleation mechanism for MgSi co-clusters during quenching. Furthermore, the dependencies of thermal and athermal nucleation on cooling rate, temperature, and alloy composition are elucidated.

通过计算机模拟研究了固溶热处理Al-Mg-Si合金淬火过程中MgSi共团簇的热形核和非热形核之间的相互作用。热成核通常由经典成核理论描述，它是指通过扩散控制溶质原子附着在临界尺寸的团簇上形成超临界核。在非热成核过程中，由于临界尺寸的减小，例如淬火过程中过冷度的增加，原有的亚临界核变成了超临界核。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个综合了热和非热贡献的综合成核模型，为Al-Mg-Si合金在连续冷却过程中MgSi共团簇的形成提供了新的见解。结果表明，淬火过程中，非热成核是MgSi共团簇的主要成核机制。此外，热和非热形核与冷却速度、温度和合金成分的关系也得到了阐明。

引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependent deformation mechanisms and transition of fracture behaviors in polycrystalline Sn 多晶锡的温度变形机制及断裂行为转变

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117112

Xiaoliang Ji , Yiping Xia , Jian Lin , Longxiao Huang , Yishu Wang , Fu Guo

The low-temperature embrittlement of β-Sn poses a critical reliability challenge for Sn-based solders in cryogenic electronics. In this work, a comparative investigation was conducted by quasi-in-situ EBSD at 77 K and 293 K to elucidate the deformation mechanisms accounting for the ductile-to-brittle transition of β-Sn. It is found that the deformation mechanisms shift from dislocation-dominated to twinning-dominated as the temperature decreases. Dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallization were suppressed at 77 K, while discontinuous dynamic recrystallization occurred around the crack propagation path. The intergranular fracture at cryogenic temperature could be attributed to the failure of twin-twin transmission across grain boundaries. Molecular dynamics simulations further verified that the twin-twin transmission could accommodate the local strain, correlating its failure with the intergranular cracking. These findings offer new insights into the cryogenic brittleness of β-Sn, helping design Sn-based solders with enhanced cryogenic reliability.

β-Sn的低温脆化对低温电子领域锡基焊料的可靠性提出了严峻的挑战。本文采用准原位EBSD在77 K和293 K下进行了对比研究，以阐明β-Sn韧脆转变的变形机制。发现随着温度的降低，变形机制由位错为主转变为孪晶为主。在77 K时，动态恢复和连续动态再结晶受到抑制，而在裂纹扩展路径周围出现了不连续动态再结晶。低温下的晶间断裂可归因于孪晶跨晶界传递的失效。分子动力学模拟进一步验证了孪晶传动能够适应局部应变，并将其失效与晶间裂纹联系起来。这些发现为研究β-Sn的低温脆性提供了新的见解，有助于设计具有更高低温可靠性的锡基焊料。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct impacts of hydrogen and carbon on thermally activated dislocation motion in Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic steel 氢和碳对Fe-Cr-Ni奥氏体钢热激活位错运动的显著影响

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117111

Haruki Nishida , Yuhei Ogawa , Akinobu Shibata

Plastic flow behavior and strain rate sensitivity, S, of Fe-15Cr-15Ni (mass%) austenitic steel, alloyed with either hydrogen or carbon, were evaluated by tensile and stress relaxation tests at ambient temperature. The effects of these two interstitial elements on solid solution-hardening and thermally activated dislocation motion were compared in terms of Haasen plot—S versus flow stress. Both hydrogen and carbon exhibited solid solution-hardening of the same order of magnitude, increasing S proportionally with their concentrations. However, their ability to increase S was distinct. Hydrogen caused a much steeper increase in S, acting as extremely localized obstacles resisting dislocation motion. In contrast, despite exhibiting comparable solid solution-hardening, carbon led to an order of magnitude smaller increase in S than hydrogen. This result demonstrates a relatively long-range and less rate-sensitive nature of carbon, which is totally different from hydrogen in its obstacle character.

通过室温拉伸和应力松弛试验，研究了Fe-15Cr-15Ni（质量%）奥氏体钢的塑性流动行为和应变速率敏感性S。用Haasen - s图与流变应力比较了这两种间隙元素对固溶硬化和热激活位错运动的影响。氢和碳均表现出相同数量级的固溶体硬化，S随其浓度成比例地增加。然而，它们增加S的能力是明显的。氢引起S的急剧增加，作为极局部的障碍抵抗位错运动。相比之下，尽管表现出类似的固溶硬化，碳导致的S的增加比氢小一个数量级。这一结果表明碳具有相对远距和较低的速率敏感性，这与氢的障碍特性完全不同。

引用次数: 0

Solute cluster-mediated natural age hardening in a dilute Mg-Zn-Ca alloy 稀Mg-Zn-Ca合金溶质团簇介导的自然时效硬化

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117109

Mei-Xuan Li , Ying-Bin Jiao , Yu-Long Zhu , Zhang-Ting Hu , Jing Wang , Yi-Jia Li , Zhen-Ming Hua , Peng Chen , Hui-Yuan Wang

In this study, a new natural aging (NA) hardening phenomenon has been observed in dilute Mg-2Zn-0.5Ca (wt.%, ZX20) alloy. The yield strength remarkably increases by ∼35 MPa (from ∼112 MPa to ∼147 MPa) after NA for 4 months; more importantly, the ductility does not decline, showing constant uniform elongation of ∼17 %. Through HRTEM and APT analyses, the strengthening stems from precipitating high-density Zn-Ca clusters (∼9.1

\times

10²³ m^-3) and the Zn/Ca atomic ratios in clusters with >16 solute atoms tend to converge toward 2:1. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal the clusters with Zn/Ca ratio of 2:1 exhibit negative formation energy, confirming their thermodynamic stability. The clusters in ZX20 alloy could stably exist without evolving to GP zones or nanoprecipitates, which is substantially different from previous studies. These findings help the understanding of cluster formation mechanisms and offer a solute clustering strategy to achieve favorable strength-ductility synergy in Mg alloys.

本研究在Mg-2Zn-0.5Ca （wt.%, ZX20）稀合金中观察到一种新的自然时效（NA）硬化现象。NA处理4个月后，屈服强度显著提高~ 35 MPa（从~ 112 MPa提高到~ 147 MPa）；更重要的是，延展性没有下降，呈现出恒定的均匀伸长率~ 17%。通过HRTEM和APT分析，强化源于高密度Zn-Ca团簇（~ 9.1 × 1023 m-3）的析出，并且在含有>；16个溶质原子的团簇中，Zn/Ca原子比趋于2:1。分子动力学模拟表明，当Zn/Ca比为2:1时，簇的形成能为负，证实了其热力学稳定性。ZX20合金中的团簇能够稳定存在，不会演变成GP区或纳米沉淀，这与以往的研究有很大的不同。这些发现有助于理解团簇形成机制，并提供了一种溶质团簇策略，以在镁合金中实现良好的强度-塑性协同作用。

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引用次数: 0

RECIPIENTS OF THE 2024 ACTA MATERIALIA, INC. STUDENT AWARDS 2024年材料学报的接受者，inc。学生奖

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117091

引用次数: 0

Pressure-induced phase transitions of amorphous silicon nanoparticles 非晶硅纳米颗粒的压力诱导相变

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117106

Haotian Zhu , Shuai Liu , Di Peng , Fujun Lan , Yuxin Liu , Guangrun Zhong , Hongbo Lou , Qiaoshi Zeng , Zhidan Zeng

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) plays a significant role in various modern technologies. Therefore, understanding its stability is of both fundamental and technological importance. While pressure-induced phase transitions in a-Si have been extensively studied, the effect of domain size remains unclear. In this study, we synthesized amorphous silicon nanoparticles (a-SiNPs) with an average size of ∼9 nm and investigated their pressure-induced phase transitions using in situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. These results reveal that a-SiNPs transform into β-Sn phase at ∼10.8 GPa, rather than a previously reported high-density amorphous phase. Upon decompression, the β-Sn phase reverts to a-Si. The phase transition pathway and transition pressure are similar to those observed in bulk a-Si, indicating that domain size is not a determining factor for inducing polyamorphism in a-Si. These findings bring new insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions in a-SiNPs and provide experimental constraints for theoretical studies of a-Si.

非晶硅（a- si）在各种现代技术中发挥着重要作用。因此，了解它的稳定性具有基础和技术上的重要性。虽然压力诱导的相变在a-Si中已经得到了广泛的研究，但畴尺寸的影响仍然不清楚。在这项研究中，我们合成了平均尺寸为~ 9 nm的非晶硅纳米颗粒（a-SiNPs），并利用原位高压拉曼光谱和同步加速器x射线衍射研究了它们的压力诱导相变。这些结果表明，a- sinps在~ 10.8 GPa时转变为β-Sn相，而不是先前报道的高密度非晶相。减压后，β-Sn相恢复为a-Si相。相变路径和相变压力与在块状a- si中观察到的相似，表明畴尺寸不是a- si中诱导多晶化的决定性因素。这些发现为a-SiNPs相变的热力学和动力学提供了新的见解，并为a-Si的理论研究提供了实验约束。

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引用次数: 0

Response to the comments on “Practicing pseudo-binary diffusion couple method in ternary and multicomponent systems” 对“在三元和多组分系统中应用伪二元扩散偶法”评论的回应

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117090

Suman Sadhu , Anuj Dash , Neelamegan Esakkiraja , Ujjval Bansal , Raju Ravi , Saswata Bhattacharyya , Sergiy Divinski , Aloke Paul

Kulkarni et al. [1] commented on our recent work [2], criticising different aspects of the novel pseudo-binary (PB) diffusion couple method. They stated that the interdiffusion flux of an element, which remains constant, is zero, but not its intrinsic flux, whereas we considered both to be nil. We have highlighted the mathematical errors and inconsistencies in their arguments, as their logic on one aspect contradicts their logic in another. The direct estimation of four interdiffusion coefficients in Ref. [3], which they considered to support their comments in Ref. [1], is mathematically incorrect, as it is based on only two or three independent equations (depending on the number of pseudo-binary diffusion profiles considered). In this reply, we validate the pseudo-binary diffusion couple method proposed by us and highlight the self-inconsistencies in the arguments presented by Kulkarni et al. in Ref. [1].

Kulkarni等人评论了我们最近的工作[2]，批评了新型伪二元（PB）扩散偶联方法的不同方面。他们说，一个元素的相互扩散通量，保持不变，是零，但不是它的内在通量，而我们认为两者都是零。我们强调了他们论证中的数学错误和不一致之处，因为他们在一个方面的逻辑与另一个方面的逻辑相矛盾。他们认为参考[3]中四个相互扩散系数的直接估计支持他们在参考[1]中的评论，但在数学上是不正确的，因为它只基于两个或三个独立的方程（取决于所考虑的伪二元扩散曲线的数量）。在这篇回复中，我们验证了我们提出的伪二元扩散偶方法，并强调了Kulkarni等人在Ref.[1]中提出的论点中的自矛盾。

引用次数: 0

Brittle-to-plastic transition in Fe-based bulk metallic glasses 铁基大块金属玻璃的脆性到塑性转变

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117103

S.V. Madge , A. Pathak , D.V. Louzguine-Luzgin , A. Inoue , A.L. Greer

The present work aims to investigate any link between plasticity and Poisson’s ratio of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). A series of Fe-Mo-Cr-Er-C-B BMGs has been tested in uniaxial compression at various temperatures. All the alloys are brittle at room temperature, but at temperatures ranging from 523 to 723 K there is an abrupt change in fracture mode from brittle to plastic, with failure strains reaching ∼9 % at the highest temperatures. Poisson’s ratio (ν) at various temperatures is estimated using the Varshni equation and the results are discussed in the light of theoretical work on shearing versus cracking that predicts the brittle-to-plastic transition (BPT) to occur at a critical value of ν. For the present alloys, the BPT appears to be correlated with a critical ν (∼0.32), although previous work has shown that the sharpness of the transition is lost when considering the behaviour of a wider range of alloy systems.

本工作旨在探讨铁基大块金属玻璃（bmg）的塑性与泊松比之间的联系。在不同温度下对Fe-Mo-Cr-Er-C-B合金进行了单轴压缩试验。所有合金在室温下都是脆性的，但在523 ~ 723 K的温度范围内，断裂模式突然从脆性转变为塑性，最高温度下的破坏应变达到~ 9%。用Varshni方程估计了不同温度下的泊松比（ν），并根据预测脆性到塑性转变（BPT）发生在临界值ν的剪切与开裂理论工作对结果进行了讨论。对于目前的合金，BPT似乎与临界ν(~ 0.32)相关，尽管先前的工作表明，在考虑更广泛的合金系统的行为时，转变的锐度丢失了。

引用次数: 0

Oxidation behavior and passivation mechanism of the T2 phase in Mo-Si-B alloys Mo-Si-B合金中T2相的氧化行为及钝化机理

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117108

Gyumin Park , Won-Hyoung Lee , Chang-Gi Lee , Hae-Ryoung Kim , Jae Pyoung Ahn , Minsoo Jin , Se-Ho Kim

The oxidation behavior of Mo₅SiB₂ (T2) phase was studied at 400–900 °C to examine their passivation mechanism which is critical for oxidation resistance in high temperature Mo-Si-B alloys. The oxide layer formation behavior of T2-rich Mo-Si-B alloy prepared by mechanical alloying was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. The results revealed that no effective passivation layer is formed and continuous B loss occurred before thermal oxidation of Si. Efficient passivation borosilicate layer can be formed above 900 °C, which further hinders oxygen penetration into the metal substrate and mass loss even for the temperature high enough for MoO₃ volatilization. Si and B content profile in different oxidation temperatures showed that passivation layer formation attributed to the Si diffusion and oxidation towards B-depleted surface region. It is suggested that T2 phase is crucial for effective oxidation resistance property of Mo-Si-B alloys.

研究了Mo5SiB2 （T2）相在400 ~ 900℃的氧化行为，探讨了Mo5SiB2 （T2）相的钝化机理，这是高温Mo-Si-B合金抗氧化的关键。采用x射线衍射、扫描电镜和原子探针层析技术对机械合金化制备的富t2 Mo-Si-B合金的氧化层形成行为进行了表征。结果表明，Si在热氧化前未形成有效的钝化层，并发生了连续的B损失。在900℃以上可以形成有效的钝化硼硅酸盐层，这进一步阻碍了氧渗透到金属衬底和质量损失，即使温度高到足以使MoO3挥发。不同氧化温度下的Si和B含量曲线表明，钝化层的形成是由于Si向贫B区扩散和氧化所致。结果表明，T2相对Mo-Si-B合金的有效抗氧化性能至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural transition across interlayer ultrasonic impact peened interfaces in hybrid additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel 混合增材制造316L不锈钢层间超声冲击强化界面的微观组织转变

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Scripta Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117107

Kossi Loic M. Avegnon , Ronan Henry , Michael Sealy , Fabrice Barbe , Benoit Vieille

While additive manufacturing generally involves building components layer by layer, hybrid additive manufacturing in this context refers to a process that combines printing with interlayer cold working. Although cold working induces plastic deformation, the subsequent microstructural evolution in the newly printed layers is largely dictated by the thermal input of the printing process. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize the microstructural evolution at the interface of interlayer ultrasonic impact peened 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Ultrasonic treatment was applied intensively over five consecutive layers, and the resulting interface was mapped through microstructural analysis and hardness testing across multiple length scales. The results revealed a succession from highly deformed grains in treated regions to recrystallized equiaxed structures, and finally remelted columnar features in the subsequent layers. This transition was driven by the rapid cooling rate and steep thermal gradient of the printing process.

虽然增材制造通常涉及逐层构建组件，但在这种情况下，混合增材制造指的是将打印与层间冷加工相结合的过程。虽然冷加工引起塑性变形，但随后新打印层的微观结构演变在很大程度上取决于打印过程的热输入。因此，本研究的目的是表征激光粉末床熔合制备的316 L不锈钢层间超声冲击强化界面的微观组织演变。超声处理在连续五层上密集应用，并通过多个长度尺度的显微组织分析和硬度测试来绘制所产生的界面。结果表明，热处理区晶粒由高度变形到等轴组织再结晶，再到后续层的重熔柱状组织。这种转变是由印刷过程的快速冷却速度和陡峭的热梯度驱动的。

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