Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117148
Yao Zhang , Yancheng Li , Jinlin Li , Qing Wang , Jingyu Pang , Hongwei Zhang , Lei Shi , Liming Lei , Peter K. Liaw
A novel high-strength Ni-Co-base wrought superalloy (Ni-38Co-2.7Al-3.3Ti-0.5Nb-0.9Ta-8.3Cr-2.9Mo-5.5W-0.02B-0.03Zr-0.08C, wt.%) with a high volume fraction (∼ 50%) of γ' nanoprecipitates was developed for suppressing intermediate-temperature embrittlement (ITE). The coherent γ/γ' microstructure shows an exceptional thermal stability at 1123 K. The 0.08 wt.% C addition enhances the elongation from < 1 % (in C-free superalloy) to 3.5 ∼ 9 % at ITs (973 ∼ 1073 K) through the formation of MC carbides at grain boundaries, while achieving high yield strength (860 ∼ 890 MPa). Moreover, this superalloy exhibits prominent creep resistance with the rupture lifetime of 129 h under 1073 K / 300 MPa, which is primarily governed by dislocation hindrance from stacking faults (SFs) and antiphase boundaries. It also possesses an excellent strain-hardening capacity at room-temperature due to the presence of abundant SFs and Lomer-Cottrell locks. This work proposes a novel strategy to overcome the ITE in high-strength superalloys for high-temperature applications.
{"title":"Overcoming the intermediate-temperature embrittlement of high-strength Ni-Co-base wrought superalloy via C addition","authors":"Yao Zhang , Yancheng Li , Jinlin Li , Qing Wang , Jingyu Pang , Hongwei Zhang , Lei Shi , Liming Lei , Peter K. Liaw","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel high-strength Ni-Co-base wrought superalloy (Ni-38Co-2.7Al-3.3Ti-0.5Nb-0.9Ta-8.3Cr-2.9Mo-5.5W-0.02B-0.03Zr-0.08C, wt.%) with a high volume fraction (∼ 50%) of γ' nanoprecipitates was developed for suppressing intermediate-temperature embrittlement (ITE). The coherent γ/γ' microstructure shows an exceptional thermal stability at 1123 K. The 0.08 wt.% C addition enhances the elongation from < 1 % (in C-free superalloy) to 3.5 ∼ 9 % at ITs (973 ∼ 1073 K) through the formation of MC carbides at grain boundaries, while achieving high yield strength (860 ∼ 890 MPa). Moreover, this superalloy exhibits prominent creep resistance with the rupture lifetime of 129 h under 1073 K / 300 MPa, which is primarily governed by dislocation hindrance from stacking faults (SFs) and antiphase boundaries. It also possesses an excellent strain-hardening capacity at room-temperature due to the presence of abundant SFs and Lomer-Cottrell locks. This work proposes a novel strategy to overcome the ITE in high-strength superalloys for high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117138
German Samolyuk, Amit Shyam, Mina Yoon
There are no general approaches for predicting the effect of solutes on electrical resistivity changes in aluminum (Al) solid solutions. Here, we introduce a first principles-based approach for predicting temperature-dependent electrical resistivity of Al solid solutions. A combination of electronic structure methods was applied to calculate electronic scattering effects on chemical disorder and temperature induced atomic vibrations or phonons. Our calculations are validated by contrasting experimental resistivity measurements for two elements in Al solid solution: at 0.3 at. % concentration, Sn (an sp-valence solute) increases the residual resistivity by 0.2 , whereas Zr (a d-valence solute) causes a 2.5 increase. This trend may deviate for solute elements in Al that form semiconductors in pure state, like Si. Our findings provide an understanding of the role of valence electron character of solute atoms in determining electrical resistivity of Al alloys.
{"title":"A first principles approach for determining solute effect on electrical resistivity of Aluminum solid solution","authors":"German Samolyuk, Amit Shyam, Mina Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are no general approaches for predicting the effect of solutes on electrical resistivity changes in aluminum (Al) solid solutions. Here, we introduce a first principles-based approach for predicting temperature-dependent electrical resistivity of Al solid solutions. A combination of electronic structure methods was applied to calculate electronic scattering effects on chemical disorder and temperature induced atomic vibrations or phonons. Our calculations are validated by contrasting experimental resistivity measurements for two elements in Al solid solution: at 0.3 at. % concentration, Sn (an <em>sp-</em>valence solute) increases the residual resistivity by 0.2 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mstyle><mi>Ω</mi></mstyle><mo>·</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, whereas Zr (a d-valence solute) causes a 2.5 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mstyle><mi>Ω</mi></mstyle><mo>·</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> increase. This trend may deviate for solute elements in Al that form semiconductors in pure state, like Si. Our findings provide an understanding of the role of valence electron character of solute atoms in determining electrical resistivity of Al alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117135
Zipeng Xu , Fadi Abdeljawad , Gregory S. Rohrer
The anisotropic grain boundary stiffness driving force is compared to observed grain boundary migration rates in Ni polycrystals for five grain boundary disorientations. Although the stiffness driving force is better correlated to observed migration rates than the curvature driving force, neither correlation is strong. These findings might be the result of a limitation in the theory for grain boundary migration, which treats grain boundaries as independent microstructural entities and ignores the constraints imposed by their connections to other boundaries at triple lines.
{"title":"Can the grain boundary stiffness driving force explain observed grain boundary migration rates in polycrystals?","authors":"Zipeng Xu , Fadi Abdeljawad , Gregory S. Rohrer","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anisotropic grain boundary stiffness driving force is compared to observed grain boundary migration rates in Ni polycrystals for five grain boundary disorientations. Although the stiffness driving force is better correlated to observed migration rates than the curvature driving force, neither correlation is strong. These findings might be the result of a limitation in the theory for grain boundary migration, which treats grain boundaries as independent microstructural entities and ignores the constraints imposed by their connections to other boundaries at triple lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117120
Runguang Li, Ziyu Ma, Jun Wang, Hossein Beladi, Matthew R. Barnett
Stacking fault energy (SFE) critically affects twinning and martensitic transformation in FCC metals. As an intrinsic parameter, it is expected to remain constant under various testing conditions at the same temperature. The widely used Reed-Schramm method estimates SFE from stacking fault probability (SFP) and root mean square (rms) microstrain in deformed metals. In this study, synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the SFP and rms microstrain in a tensile-deformed TWIP steel. The SFP showed a strong correlation with grain orientation, whereas rms microstrain was relatively orientation-insensitive. These parameters yielded orientation-sensitive measured SFE (mSFE) values ranging from 4 to 30 mJ/m², correlating with the developed [111]//LD (low mSFE) and [100]//LD (high mSFE) texture components. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed microstructural differences, with dense, highly extended stacking faults in [111]//LD grains but few in [100]//LD grains. These findings highlight the limitations of diffraction-based experimental strategies in determining the SFE.
{"title":"FCC stacking fault energies from diffraction depend on orientation","authors":"Runguang Li, Ziyu Ma, Jun Wang, Hossein Beladi, Matthew R. Barnett","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stacking fault energy (SFE) critically affects twinning and martensitic transformation in FCC metals. As an intrinsic parameter, it is expected to remain constant under various testing conditions at the same temperature. The widely used Reed-Schramm method estimates SFE from stacking fault probability (SFP) and root mean square (rms) microstrain in deformed metals. In this study, synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the SFP and rms microstrain in a tensile-deformed TWIP steel. The SFP showed a strong correlation with grain orientation, whereas rms microstrain was relatively orientation-insensitive. These parameters yielded orientation-sensitive measured SFE (mSFE) values ranging from 4 to 30 mJ/m², correlating with the developed [111]//LD (low mSFE) and [100]//LD (high mSFE) texture components. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed microstructural differences, with dense, highly extended stacking faults in [111]//LD grains but few in [100]//LD grains. These findings highlight the limitations of diffraction-based experimental strategies in determining the SFE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117116
Lawrence Cho , Emily Pittman , Leslie Lamberson , Alec Williamson , David Ulrich , Garrison Hommer , Daniel M. Field , Krista R. Limmer , Kip O. Findley , John G. Speer
This study employed rapid, short-time duration (1 s) tempering to improve the dynamic performance of high-strength steel (HSS) and ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS), compared to quenched and conventionally (1800 s) tempered microstructures. Rapid tempering significantly improved the Charpy toughness of both steels compared to the conventionally tempered condition at an equivalent tempering parameter (TP) or hardness level. For conventionally tempered conditions, tempered martensite embrittlement was observed within the tempering temperature range of 200–400 °C, whereas rapid tempering exhibited increased Charpy toughness with increasing tempering temperature across all tempering conditions. Dynamic compression experiments indicated that rapid tempering led to improved ductility compared to the conventionally tempered condition at an equivalent TP. This work shows that the same rapid tempering strategy used for HSS is directly transferable to a higher-carbon UHSS and provides the first systematic evidence of improved strength-ductility combinations and cracking resistance under dynamic compression, supported by Kolsky bar experiments.
{"title":"Rapid tempering to enhance dynamic performance of high and ultra-high strength steels","authors":"Lawrence Cho , Emily Pittman , Leslie Lamberson , Alec Williamson , David Ulrich , Garrison Hommer , Daniel M. Field , Krista R. Limmer , Kip O. Findley , John G. Speer","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed rapid, short-time duration (1 s) tempering to improve the dynamic performance of high-strength steel (HSS) and ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS), compared to quenched and conventionally (1800 s) tempered microstructures. Rapid tempering significantly improved the Charpy toughness of both steels compared to the conventionally tempered condition at an equivalent tempering parameter (TP) or hardness level. For conventionally tempered conditions, tempered martensite embrittlement was observed within the tempering temperature range of 200–400 °C, whereas rapid tempering exhibited increased Charpy toughness with increasing tempering temperature across all tempering conditions. Dynamic compression experiments indicated that rapid tempering led to improved ductility compared to the conventionally tempered condition at an equivalent TP. This work shows that the same rapid tempering strategy used for HSS is directly transferable to a higher-carbon UHSS and provides the first systematic evidence of improved strength-ductility combinations and cracking resistance under dynamic compression, supported by Kolsky bar experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117156
Hanlin Che , Hailong Xu , Xu Xu , Zhigang Yang , Hao Chen , Chi Zhang , Jugan Zhang
Carburized steels are widely used in gears and bearings components but exhibit different fatigue failure mechanism. After rotating bending fatigue (RBF) test, broadened distribution of crack initiation sites arose relative to homogeneous materials because of the interaction between residual stress and hardness gradients within the carburized layer. A predictive method was developed to evaluate the fatigue behavior of carburized steels under RBF testing. A parameter with decent linear correlation to fatigue life was established, integrating ideal crack initiation location, non-metallic inclusion size, local Vickers hardness and applied stress. The overall fatigue performance is further controlled by inclusion size, carburized layer depth, and matrix hardness. This work introduces a novel framework that explicitly incorporates both carburized layer gradients and inclusion distribution, enabling reliable prediction of fatigue strength at 107 cycles.
{"title":"Predictive method for rotating bending fatigue performance of carburized steel considering layer gradients and inclusions","authors":"Hanlin Che , Hailong Xu , Xu Xu , Zhigang Yang , Hao Chen , Chi Zhang , Jugan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carburized steels are widely used in gears and bearings components but exhibit different fatigue failure mechanism. After rotating bending fatigue (RBF) test, broadened distribution of crack initiation sites arose relative to homogeneous materials because of the interaction between residual stress and hardness gradients within the carburized layer. A predictive method was developed to evaluate the fatigue behavior of carburized steels under RBF testing. A parameter with decent linear correlation to fatigue life was established, integrating ideal crack initiation location, non-metallic inclusion size, local Vickers hardness and applied stress. The overall fatigue performance is further controlled by inclusion size, carburized layer depth, and matrix hardness. This work introduces a novel framework that explicitly incorporates both carburized layer gradients and inclusion distribution, enabling reliable prediction of fatigue strength at 10<sup>7</sup> cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117143
Felix N Lomo , Duyao Zhang , Dong Qiu , Ihsan Murat Kuşoğlu , Anna R Ziefuss , Stephan Barcikowski , Matthew R. Field , Mark A Easton
Grain refinement in AlSi10Mg fabricated by laser powder bed fusion was investigated via nano-TiC addition. Electron backscatter diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses reveal that a 0.6 wt% nano-TiC addition reduces the average grain size by ∼71 %, promoting predominantly equiaxed morphologies while suppressing columnar growth. Transmission Kikuchi diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show that TiC nanoparticle clusters are commonly situated at grain centres, suggesting a potential cluster-mediated mechanism, whereas nucleation is linked to individual TiC particles that exhibit favourable orientation relationships with the Al matrix. Two plausible mechanisms—single-particle activation within clusters and cluster-mediated nucleation—likely operate concurrently, with particle pushing–engulfment dynamics explaining redistribution of TiC nanoparticles to interdendritic boundaries. These findings highlight the interplay of nanoparticle size, crystallography, and local solidification conditions in driving robust grain refinement under additive manufacturing.
{"title":"Direct evidence of TiC nanoparticle-induced nucleation in laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg","authors":"Felix N Lomo , Duyao Zhang , Dong Qiu , Ihsan Murat Kuşoğlu , Anna R Ziefuss , Stephan Barcikowski , Matthew R. Field , Mark A Easton","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain refinement in AlSi10Mg fabricated by laser powder bed fusion was investigated via nano-TiC addition. Electron backscatter diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses reveal that a 0.6 wt% nano-TiC addition reduces the average grain size by ∼71 %, promoting predominantly equiaxed morphologies while suppressing columnar growth. Transmission Kikuchi diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show that TiC nanoparticle clusters are commonly situated at grain centres, suggesting a potential cluster-mediated mechanism, whereas nucleation is linked to individual TiC particles that exhibit favourable orientation relationships with the Al matrix. Two plausible mechanisms—single-particle activation within clusters and cluster-mediated nucleation—likely operate concurrently, with particle pushing–engulfment dynamics explaining redistribution of TiC nanoparticles to interdendritic boundaries. These findings highlight the interplay of nanoparticle size, crystallography, and local solidification conditions in driving robust grain refinement under additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117155
Yong Chen , Haiying Yang , Jinfa Ma , Ping Yang
We investigate the impact of vacancy defects in the near-interface region of diamond on the interface thermal conductance (ITC) of diamond/MoS2 heterostructures by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that when the density of random vacancy defects in the near-interface region of the diamond reaches 5 %, ITC increases by 37 % compared to defect-free interfaces. In addition, increasing the radius and number of vacancies can also enhance the ITC. The vacancies scatter high-frequency phonons and excite low-frequency phonons, thereby improving the degree of phonon spectrum coupling between diamond and MoS2. However, the enhancement effect of ITC weakens as vacancies move away from the interface because the scattered phonons are attenuated by phonon-phonon scattering in the defect-free region during transmission, thereby reducing the thermal transport efficiency. This study provides an effective measure for optimizing the thermal management of diamond/MoS2 heterointerfaces.
{"title":"Vacancy defects drive efficient interfacial thermal transport of diamond/MoS2 heterostructure","authors":"Yong Chen , Haiying Yang , Jinfa Ma , Ping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the impact of vacancy defects in the near-interface region of diamond on the interface thermal conductance (ITC) of diamond/MoS<sub>2</sub> heterostructures by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that when the density of random vacancy defects in the near-interface region of the diamond reaches 5 %, ITC increases by 37 % compared to defect-free interfaces. In addition, increasing the radius and number of vacancies can also enhance the ITC. The vacancies scatter high-frequency phonons and excite low-frequency phonons, thereby improving the degree of phonon spectrum coupling between diamond and MoS<sub>2</sub>. However, the enhancement effect of ITC weakens as vacancies move away from the interface because the scattered phonons are attenuated by phonon-phonon scattering in the defect-free region during transmission, thereby reducing the thermal transport efficiency. This study provides an effective measure for optimizing the thermal management of diamond/MoS<sub>2</sub> heterointerfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117158
Meiqian Huang , Zijian Zhou , Shuhua Tian , Chen Wang , Xinguang Wang , Xiang-Xi Ye , Rui Zhang , Weihong Zhang , Xipeng Tao , Yizhou Zhou , Xiaofeng Sun , Chuanyong Cui
The crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) between the distinctive plate-shaped M6C carbide and the γ matrix in a Ni-W-Cr superalloy designed for thorium-based molten salt reactors (TMSRs) was investigated. Multi-scale characterization indicates that these carbides, in contrast to conventional granular M6C, display a plate-shaped morphology and a novel twin OR with the γ matrix: [111]M6C//[111]γ, [01]M6C//[01]γ and [11]M6C//[2]γ. This OR forms low-energy semi-coherent interfaces on {111}γ habit planes, effectively reducing the nucleation barrier. This study clarifies the precipitation mechanism of plate-shaped M6C and offers insights for microstructural optimization in refractory-rich superalloys.
{"title":"A novel plate-shaped M6C carbide with a twin orientation relationship to the matrix in a Ni-W-Cr superalloy","authors":"Meiqian Huang , Zijian Zhou , Shuhua Tian , Chen Wang , Xinguang Wang , Xiang-Xi Ye , Rui Zhang , Weihong Zhang , Xipeng Tao , Yizhou Zhou , Xiaofeng Sun , Chuanyong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.117158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) between the distinctive plate-shaped M<sub>6</sub>C carbide and the γ matrix in a Ni-W-Cr superalloy designed for thorium-based molten salt reactors (TMSRs) was investigated. Multi-scale characterization indicates that these carbides, in contrast to conventional granular M<sub>6</sub>C, display a plate-shaped morphology and a novel twin OR with the γ matrix: [111]<sub>M6C</sub>//[111]<sub>γ</sub>, [<span><math><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>01]<sub>M6C</sub>//[0<span><math><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>1]<sub>γ</sub> and [<span><math><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>11]<sub>M6C</sub>//[<span><math><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>2]<sub>γ</sub>. This OR forms low-energy semi-coherent interfaces on {111}<sub>γ</sub> habit planes, effectively reducing the nucleation barrier. This study clarifies the precipitation mechanism of plate-shaped M<sub>6</sub>C and offers insights for microstructural optimization in refractory-rich superalloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":423,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Materialia","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 117158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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