Abstract Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) business in Europa is increasingly under pressure. Lack of productivity, low or negative profit margins for investors, and the lack of adopting necessary innovations and digitalization—from engineering activities through operations and maintenance to decommissioning—have caused significant deprivation of business and competitiveness compared to emerging providers in Asia. The quest for reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) in EPC projects is intensifying. In May 2018, a research project was started to analyze the situation and key trends through desk research, to research how the challenges of the business could be tackled and to derive practical guidance for EPC contractors as well as for investors, owners, and operators (O/O). The project aimed to propose innovative ways of improving the EPC business model to reach the next level (“EPC 4.0”). In doing so, lessons learned from the automotive and aviation industry were considered. A key objective of the research project was to challenge statements of international EPC experts to cut CAPEX by 40–50% in EPC projects. With this statement in mind, the research focused on identifying measures with potential in six areas: (1) digitalization, (2) partnering, (3) flat supply chains, (4) flexible organizations, (5) core competences, and (6) the human factor. Summarizing the findings in these areas, the EPC 4.0 project came to a savings potential of up to 50% of the total budgeted project costs.
{"title":"EPC 4.0: The quest for reducing CAPEX in EPC projects","authors":"R. Wagner","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) business in Europa is increasingly under pressure. Lack of productivity, low or negative profit margins for investors, and the lack of adopting necessary innovations and digitalization—from engineering activities through operations and maintenance to decommissioning—have caused significant deprivation of business and competitiveness compared to emerging providers in Asia. The quest for reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) in EPC projects is intensifying. In May 2018, a research project was started to analyze the situation and key trends through desk research, to research how the challenges of the business could be tackled and to derive practical guidance for EPC contractors as well as for investors, owners, and operators (O/O). The project aimed to propose innovative ways of improving the EPC business model to reach the next level (“EPC 4.0”). In doing so, lessons learned from the automotive and aviation industry were considered. A key objective of the research project was to challenge statements of international EPC experts to cut CAPEX by 40–50% in EPC projects. With this statement in mind, the research focused on identifying measures with potential in six areas: (1) digitalization, (2) partnering, (3) flat supply chains, (4) flexible organizations, (5) core competences, and (6) the human factor. Summarizing the findings in these areas, the EPC 4.0 project came to a savings potential of up to 50% of the total budgeted project costs.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2245 - 2255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42908133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Digitalization has the potential to radically change the way buildings are designed, produced, and operated. In this digital transformation, the establishment of information standards play an important role. However, despite substantial efforts in the development of both technology and standards, these are not yet fully adopted in construction. This study aims to review the adoption of standards and to examine whether suppliers of prefabricated concrete elements have transformed their business models. The purpose is to strengthen the understanding of the interplay between the adoption of standards and business model renewal. Driving forces for the adoption of standards are identified and coupled with suppliers’ arguments for business model protection and renewal, explained in terms of a market and a hierarchy approach. The market approach embraces the adoption of open standards for improved competition and information exchange along with the further adoption of industrialized construction. This study identifies that common standards for precast elements are lacking, which leads to waste in terms of structural re-design and liability uncertainties. On the other hand, a market situation with open standards is challenging for suppliers to utilize and benefit from their existing operational platforms. Suppliers of precast elements strive for a hierarchy approach, that is, the adoption of the whole value chain, to protect their market position and continue offering structural frameworks and services. This concurs with arguments for industrialized construction, which emphasize the benefits of continuous improvements. This study contributes to the understanding of drivers and impediments for the uptake of standards versus business model renewal in construction.
{"title":"Industrialization of construction: Implications on standards, business models and project orientation","authors":"N. Andersson, Jerker Lessing","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digitalization has the potential to radically change the way buildings are designed, produced, and operated. In this digital transformation, the establishment of information standards play an important role. However, despite substantial efforts in the development of both technology and standards, these are not yet fully adopted in construction. This study aims to review the adoption of standards and to examine whether suppliers of prefabricated concrete elements have transformed their business models. The purpose is to strengthen the understanding of the interplay between the adoption of standards and business model renewal. Driving forces for the adoption of standards are identified and coupled with suppliers’ arguments for business model protection and renewal, explained in terms of a market and a hierarchy approach. The market approach embraces the adoption of open standards for improved competition and information exchange along with the further adoption of industrialized construction. This study identifies that common standards for precast elements are lacking, which leads to waste in terms of structural re-design and liability uncertainties. On the other hand, a market situation with open standards is challenging for suppliers to utilize and benefit from their existing operational platforms. Suppliers of precast elements strive for a hierarchy approach, that is, the adoption of the whole value chain, to protect their market position and continue offering structural frameworks and services. This concurs with arguments for industrialized construction, which emphasize the benefits of continuous improvements. This study contributes to the understanding of drivers and impediments for the uptake of standards versus business model renewal in construction.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2109 - 2116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The building, construction, and real estate industry is undergoing a major transition with traditional ways of working being replaced by novel three-dimensional modeling technologies. Such transitions take place incrementally as more and more actors see the advantages. While new systems (e.g., building information modeling) have become increasingly diffused in the industry, many practices have been left intact. On-site inspections using the old method of filling out forms for the registration of errors and omissions are eventually replaced by defect management systems, where an app on a mobile device is used to take a photo, note position, and write notes, which are directly sent to the responsible people involved. A case study was conducted in a large residential project under completion by a contractor. Project managers and skilled workers were introduced to a specific app and given the opportunity to try it out. Data were subsequently collected based on a series of qualitative interviews conducted with the on-site personnel. This was analyzed according to the technology acceptance model, a theory of user acceptance of new information technologies. Our contribution is that we compare the technology acceptance of new and existing defect management methods and unearth their relative advantages, while registering how users’ perceptions of new technology affect their intention to use as well as their actual continued use of the technology. This work is important for managers planning development of their on-site management tools, enabling them to run their projects more efficiently.
{"title":"On-site inspections: the shift from forms to digital capture","authors":"C. N. Rolfsen, A. Lassen","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The building, construction, and real estate industry is undergoing a major transition with traditional ways of working being replaced by novel three-dimensional modeling technologies. Such transitions take place incrementally as more and more actors see the advantages. While new systems (e.g., building information modeling) have become increasingly diffused in the industry, many practices have been left intact. On-site inspections using the old method of filling out forms for the registration of errors and omissions are eventually replaced by defect management systems, where an app on a mobile device is used to take a photo, note position, and write notes, which are directly sent to the responsible people involved. A case study was conducted in a large residential project under completion by a contractor. Project managers and skilled workers were introduced to a specific app and given the opportunity to try it out. Data were subsequently collected based on a series of qualitative interviews conducted with the on-site personnel. This was analyzed according to the technology acceptance model, a theory of user acceptance of new information technologies. Our contribution is that we compare the technology acceptance of new and existing defect management methods and unearth their relative advantages, while registering how users’ perceptions of new technology affect their intention to use as well as their actual continued use of the technology. This work is important for managers planning development of their on-site management tools, enabling them to run their projects more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2064 - 2071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44265013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathieu Fokwa Soh, D. Barbeau, Sylvie Doré, D. Forgues
Abstract Request for information (RFI) is a formal process used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry to address design flaws that affect communication between designers and contractors. A large number of RFIs are a sign of a lack of precision or coordination in the design documents. However, RFIs produce rich, precise, and structured information. Analyzing their content can help to identify recurring problems between designers and construction teams and better tailor future projects to the working context of the contractors. This article presents a method for identifying recurring issues during the design phase of steel construction projects through the analysis of the contents of RFIs. It is original in using a qualitative content analysis tool that can analyze large quantities of RFIs rapidly. Identifying the recurrent problems of contractors will allow the establishment of rules to be taken into consideration during the design phase of future steel construction projects. A case study of 26 steel construction projects demonstrates the feasibility of this method. This case study shows that, given the same designers and construction teams, recurring problems shown in RFIs do not differ according to the scale of the projects. In this case, the main issue between designers and contractors is the lack and inadequate presentation of information related to the connection of steel components. Identifying these problems can pave the way for initiatives to improve the design phase and can be an essential step in making contractors’ knowledge available to designers early in the projects.
{"title":"Qualitative analysis of Request For Information to identify design flaws in steel construction projects","authors":"Mathieu Fokwa Soh, D. Barbeau, Sylvie Doré, D. Forgues","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Request for information (RFI) is a formal process used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry to address design flaws that affect communication between designers and contractors. A large number of RFIs are a sign of a lack of precision or coordination in the design documents. However, RFIs produce rich, precise, and structured information. Analyzing their content can help to identify recurring problems between designers and construction teams and better tailor future projects to the working context of the contractors. This article presents a method for identifying recurring issues during the design phase of steel construction projects through the analysis of the contents of RFIs. It is original in using a qualitative content analysis tool that can analyze large quantities of RFIs rapidly. Identifying the recurrent problems of contractors will allow the establishment of rules to be taken into consideration during the design phase of future steel construction projects. A case study of 26 steel construction projects demonstrates the feasibility of this method. This case study shows that, given the same designers and construction teams, recurring problems shown in RFIs do not differ according to the scale of the projects. In this case, the main issue between designers and contractors is the lack and inadequate presentation of information related to the connection of steel components. Identifying these problems can pave the way for initiatives to improve the design phase and can be an essential step in making contractors’ knowledge available to designers early in the projects.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2083 - 2094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48647904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increasing population growth and urbanization rises the worldwide consumption of material resources and energy demand. The challenges of the future will be to provide sufficient resources and to minimize the continual amount of waste and energy demand. For the achievement of sustainability, increasing recycling rates and reuse of materials, next to the reduction of energy consumption has the highest priority. This article presents the results of the multidisciplinary research project SCI_BIM, which is conducted on an occupied existing building. Within SCI_BIM, a workflow for coupling digital technologies for scanning and modeling of buildings is developed. Laser scanning is used for capturing the geometry, and ground-penetrating radar is used for assessing material composition. For the semi-automated generation of an as-built BIM, algorithms are developed, wherefore the Point-Cloud serves as a basis. The BIM-model is used for energy modeling and analysis as well as for the automated compilation of Material Passports. Further, a gamification concept will be developed to motivate the buildings’ users to collect data. By applying the gamification concept, the reduction of energy consumption together with an automated update of the as-built BIM will be tested. This article aims to analyze the complex interdisciplinary interactions, data, and model exchange processes of various disciplines collaborating within SCI_BIM. Results show that the developed methodology is confronted with many challenges. Nevertheless, it has the potential to serve as a basis for the creation of secondary raw materials cadaster and for the optimization of energy consumption in existing buildings.
{"title":"Model and data management issues in the integrated assessment of existing building stocks","authors":"M. Honic, I. Kovacic","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing population growth and urbanization rises the worldwide consumption of material resources and energy demand. The challenges of the future will be to provide sufficient resources and to minimize the continual amount of waste and energy demand. For the achievement of sustainability, increasing recycling rates and reuse of materials, next to the reduction of energy consumption has the highest priority. This article presents the results of the multidisciplinary research project SCI_BIM, which is conducted on an occupied existing building. Within SCI_BIM, a workflow for coupling digital technologies for scanning and modeling of buildings is developed. Laser scanning is used for capturing the geometry, and ground-penetrating radar is used for assessing material composition. For the semi-automated generation of an as-built BIM, algorithms are developed, wherefore the Point-Cloud serves as a basis. The BIM-model is used for energy modeling and analysis as well as for the automated compilation of Material Passports. Further, a gamification concept will be developed to motivate the buildings’ users to collect data. By applying the gamification concept, the reduction of energy consumption together with an automated update of the as-built BIM will be tested. This article aims to analyze the complex interdisciplinary interactions, data, and model exchange processes of various disciplines collaborating within SCI_BIM. Results show that the developed methodology is confronted with many challenges. Nevertheless, it has the potential to serve as a basis for the creation of secondary raw materials cadaster and for the optimization of energy consumption in existing buildings.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2148 - 2157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48670412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although unsuccessful bids are usually discarded once the bids are opened under the typical lowest-price sealed-bid project award auction environment, considering efforts and resources expended by responsive and responsible bidders, it is likely that not only a successful bid but also unsuccessful bids can convey important information about the project at hand. This article documents an effort to answer the question that whether projects that receive more dispersed estimates at the bidding stage are more likely to experience greater project cost changes. Taking collective intelligence as the theoretical framework, a total of 210 projects conducted by the Ohio Department of Transportation between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the coefficients of variation of bids and project final costs. It was found that large projects with above-average coefficients of variation of bids showed greater deviations from original award amounts than large projects with below-average coefficients of variation. The finding enables project owners to study the projects before execution by recouping valuable insights from the community of bidders on the possibility of greater project cost changes faced by the planned projects without complex and mathematically rigorous models.
{"title":"Unsuccessful bids: Coefficient of variation of bids as indicator of project risk","authors":"Young Joo Kim, M. Skibniewski","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although unsuccessful bids are usually discarded once the bids are opened under the typical lowest-price sealed-bid project award auction environment, considering efforts and resources expended by responsive and responsible bidders, it is likely that not only a successful bid but also unsuccessful bids can convey important information about the project at hand. This article documents an effort to answer the question that whether projects that receive more dispersed estimates at the bidding stage are more likely to experience greater project cost changes. Taking collective intelligence as the theoretical framework, a total of 210 projects conducted by the Ohio Department of Transportation between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the coefficients of variation of bids and project final costs. It was found that large projects with above-average coefficients of variation of bids showed greater deviations from original award amounts than large projects with below-average coefficients of variation. The finding enables project owners to study the projects before execution by recouping valuable insights from the community of bidders on the possibility of greater project cost changes faced by the planned projects without complex and mathematically rigorous models.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2193 - 2199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48063348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A construction project is like a living entity and requires the interconnection and coordination of several stakeholders and many of them have their objectives, which sometimes create a conflict of interest between the teams and within the teams. The success of any project is repeatable, and a set of attributes for the success of a construction project can be identified, requiring discipline and hard work. The construction sector is the engine of growth for a nation and supplies services and goods to other industries. The objective of the study is to analyse the enabling factors affecting the performance construction projects in Architecture Engineering and Construction industry. The methodology chosen for the study is to collect primary data from the Indian construction industry using structured questionnaire surveys. The collected data are analysed using reliability and factor analyses. The findings of the study provide the value of reliability, that is, Cronbach's alpha value of (0.86) of the data collected using a questionnaire survey. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis produced five main significant factors based on covariance between the attributes and grouped into factors such as site management and coordination, leadership and financial management, planning, commitment, and coordination having a variance of 17.65, 11.8, 9.1, 8.5, and 7.5%, respectively. This article is the extended version of the paper accepted and presented at CCC2019.
{"title":"Study of factors affecting the performance of construction projects in AEC industry","authors":"Saurav Dixit","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A construction project is like a living entity and requires the interconnection and coordination of several stakeholders and many of them have their objectives, which sometimes create a conflict of interest between the teams and within the teams. The success of any project is repeatable, and a set of attributes for the success of a construction project can be identified, requiring discipline and hard work. The construction sector is the engine of growth for a nation and supplies services and goods to other industries. The objective of the study is to analyse the enabling factors affecting the performance construction projects in Architecture Engineering and Construction industry. The methodology chosen for the study is to collect primary data from the Indian construction industry using structured questionnaire surveys. The collected data are analysed using reliability and factor analyses. The findings of the study provide the value of reliability, that is, Cronbach's alpha value of (0.86) of the data collected using a questionnaire survey. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis produced five main significant factors based on covariance between the attributes and grouped into factors such as site management and coordination, leadership and financial management, planning, commitment, and coordination having a variance of 17.65, 11.8, 9.1, 8.5, and 7.5%, respectively. This article is the extended version of the paper accepted and presented at CCC2019.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2275 - 2282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69243250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The design–build (DB) project delivery method has been used for several decades in the US construction market. DB contracts are usually awarded on the basis of a multicriteria evaluation, with price as one of the most salient criteria. To ensure the project’s success, an owner usually has to invest enough time and effort during scoping and early design to define a program, scope, and budget, ready for procurement and price generation. However, this process can become a burden for the owner and may lengthen the project development duration. As an alternative to the traditional DB, the progressive design–build (PDB) approach permits the selection of the DB team prior to defining the project program and/or budget. PDB has the advantage of maintaining a single point of accountability and allowing team selection based mainly on qualifications, with a limited consideration of price. Under PDB, the selected team works with the project stakeholders during the early design stage, while helping the owner balance scope and budget. However, the key to the effectiveness of PDB is its provision for the ongoing and complete involvement of the owner in the early design phase. Due to the differences between PDB and the other project delivery methods (e.g., traditional DB), project teams must carefully consider several factors to ensure its successful implementation. The research team conducted a case study of the University of Washington’s pilot PDB project to complete the West Campus Utility Plant (WCUP). This paper carefully explores and summarizes the project’s entire delivery process (e.g., planning, solicitation, design, and construction), its organizational structures, and the project performance outcomes. The lessons learned from the WCUP project will contribute to best practices for future PDB implementation.
{"title":"Demystifying progressive design build: implementation issues and lessons learned through case study analysis","authors":"Luming Shang, G. Migliaccio","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The design–build (DB) project delivery method has been used for several decades in the US construction market. DB contracts are usually awarded on the basis of a multicriteria evaluation, with price as one of the most salient criteria. To ensure the project’s success, an owner usually has to invest enough time and effort during scoping and early design to define a program, scope, and budget, ready for procurement and price generation. However, this process can become a burden for the owner and may lengthen the project development duration. As an alternative to the traditional DB, the progressive design–build (PDB) approach permits the selection of the DB team prior to defining the project program and/or budget. PDB has the advantage of maintaining a single point of accountability and allowing team selection based mainly on qualifications, with a limited consideration of price. Under PDB, the selected team works with the project stakeholders during the early design stage, while helping the owner balance scope and budget. However, the key to the effectiveness of PDB is its provision for the ongoing and complete involvement of the owner in the early design phase. Due to the differences between PDB and the other project delivery methods (e.g., traditional DB), project teams must carefully consider several factors to ensure its successful implementation. The research team conducted a case study of the University of Washington’s pilot PDB project to complete the West Campus Utility Plant (WCUP). This paper carefully explores and summarizes the project’s entire delivery process (e.g., planning, solicitation, design, and construction), its organizational structures, and the project performance outcomes. The lessons learned from the WCUP project will contribute to best practices for future PDB implementation.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2095 - 2108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48110615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The construction technology (CONTEC) method was originally developed for automated CONTEC planning and project management based on the data in the form of a budget or bill of quantities. This article outlines a new approach in an automated creation of the discrete nD building information modeling (BIM) models by using data from the BIM model and their processing by existing CONTEC method through the CONTEC software. This article outlines the discrete modeling approach on BIM models as one of the applicable approaches for nD modeling. It also defines the methodology of interlinking BIM model data and CONTEC software through the classification of items. The interlink enables automation in the production of discrete nD BIM model data, such as schedule (4D) including work distribution end resource planning, budget (5D)—based on integrated pricing system, but also nD data such as health and safety risks (6D) plans (H&S Risk register), quality plans, and quality assurance checklists (7D) including their monitoring and environmental plans (8D). The methodology of the direct application of the selected classification system, as well as means of data transfer and conditions of data transferability, is described. The method was tested on the case study of an office building project, and acquired data were compared to actual construction time and costs. The case study proves the application of the CONTEC method as a usable method in the BIM model environment, enabling the creation of not only 4D, 5D models but also nD discrete models up to 8D models in the perception of the construction management process. In comparison with the existing BIM classification systems, further development of the method will enable full automated discrete nD model creation in the BIM model environment.
{"title":"An automated nD model creation on BIM models","authors":"Miroslav Vyčítal, Č. Jarský","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The construction technology (CONTEC) method was originally developed for automated CONTEC planning and project management based on the data in the form of a budget or bill of quantities. This article outlines a new approach in an automated creation of the discrete nD building information modeling (BIM) models by using data from the BIM model and their processing by existing CONTEC method through the CONTEC software. This article outlines the discrete modeling approach on BIM models as one of the applicable approaches for nD modeling. It also defines the methodology of interlinking BIM model data and CONTEC software through the classification of items. The interlink enables automation in the production of discrete nD BIM model data, such as schedule (4D) including work distribution end resource planning, budget (5D)—based on integrated pricing system, but also nD data such as health and safety risks (6D) plans (H&S Risk register), quality plans, and quality assurance checklists (7D) including their monitoring and environmental plans (8D). The methodology of the direct application of the selected classification system, as well as means of data transfer and conditions of data transferability, is described. The method was tested on the case study of an office building project, and acquired data were compared to actual construction time and costs. The case study proves the application of the CONTEC method as a usable method in the BIM model environment, enabling the creation of not only 4D, 5D models but also nD discrete models up to 8D models in the perception of the construction management process. In comparison with the existing BIM classification systems, further development of the method will enable full automated discrete nD model creation in the BIM model environment.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2218 - 2231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41391260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The construction labor is crucial to the construction industry, which is known globally for its creation of jobs at different skill and professional levels. The world's construction industry is currently experiencing a rapid recovery after the 2008 global crisis. This positive growth is also noticeable in Croatia. Nevertheless, the industry is experiencing a considerable shortage of skilled labor. First, this paper investigates the main causes of the current condition of the labor market through an extensive literature review and construction market analysis. Second, the case study of the Croatian construction labor market is presented. The longitudinal study of official statistical data shows that the total number of workers employed over the last 10 years has decreased significantly. There has been an increase in the number of unskilled workers and a decrease in the number of all other types of workers between 2016 and 2017. Following the literature review and market analysis, the response strategies for the problem of labor shortage in Croatian construction are provided and discussed.
{"title":"Construction labor and skill shortages in Croatia: causes and response strategies","authors":"A. Cerić, I. Ivić","doi":"10.2478/otmcj-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The construction labor is crucial to the construction industry, which is known globally for its creation of jobs at different skill and professional levels. The world's construction industry is currently experiencing a rapid recovery after the 2008 global crisis. This positive growth is also noticeable in Croatia. Nevertheless, the industry is experiencing a considerable shortage of skilled labor. First, this paper investigates the main causes of the current condition of the labor market through an extensive literature review and construction market analysis. Second, the case study of the Croatian construction labor market is presented. The longitudinal study of official statistical data shows that the total number of workers employed over the last 10 years has decreased significantly. There has been an increase in the number of unskilled workers and a decrease in the number of all other types of workers between 2016 and 2017. Following the literature review and market analysis, the response strategies for the problem of labor shortage in Croatian construction are provided and discussed.","PeriodicalId":42309,"journal":{"name":"Organization Technology and Management in Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"2232 - 2244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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