Abstract:La Salada is a massive informal market complex located just outside the limits of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It has existed since the early 1990s, and in recent years it has become a strategically important site for studying the economic and political transformations not just of Argentina, but of the globalized world. This essay synthesizes and critiques existing perspectives on La Salada, focusing in particular on the political composition of the market complex. If the Argentine media has highlighted the mafiaesque rule of La Salada by a handful of powerful administrators, a series of critical works have unearthed significant democratic forms, such as open stallholder assemblies, at the base of the market's internal politics. This essay argues that, while these works have compellingly critiqued the media's perspective, they have not sufficiently addressed the interplay between democratic practices and the vertical hierarchies of power that emerge in La Salada's three-decade history. It studies Julián D'Angiolillo's 2010 documentary Hacerme feriante to show how, by bracketing the media's perspective, critical works reveal democratic tendencies at La Salada. It then turns to Sebastián Hacher's 2011 urban chronicle Sangre salada, which is unique among critical works due to its emphasis on real estate and the conquest of the patchwork of territories that make up La Salada. This focus on real estate allows for a nuanced understanding of how hierarchies of power emerge in the market's history, constituting a powerful counterforce to the democratic tendencies privileged in other critical works. This essay ultimately proposes that La Salada's political composition can be understood in terms of the Aymara notion of ch'ixi, which Bolivian scholar Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui introduces to grasp complex historical realities without synthesizing opposed terms (as in theories of mestizaje or hybridity), but rather preserving their radical heterogeneity.
{"title":"A City of Feriantes, or Puesteros and Administradores? La Salada in Recent Argentine Film and Literature","authors":"Matthew Johnson","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:La Salada is a massive informal market complex located just outside the limits of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It has existed since the early 1990s, and in recent years it has become a strategically important site for studying the economic and political transformations not just of Argentina, but of the globalized world. This essay synthesizes and critiques existing perspectives on La Salada, focusing in particular on the political composition of the market complex. If the Argentine media has highlighted the mafiaesque rule of La Salada by a handful of powerful administrators, a series of critical works have unearthed significant democratic forms, such as open stallholder assemblies, at the base of the market's internal politics. This essay argues that, while these works have compellingly critiqued the media's perspective, they have not sufficiently addressed the interplay between democratic practices and the vertical hierarchies of power that emerge in La Salada's three-decade history. It studies Julián D'Angiolillo's 2010 documentary Hacerme feriante to show how, by bracketing the media's perspective, critical works reveal democratic tendencies at La Salada. It then turns to Sebastián Hacher's 2011 urban chronicle Sangre salada, which is unique among critical works due to its emphasis on real estate and the conquest of the patchwork of territories that make up La Salada. This focus on real estate allows for a nuanced understanding of how hierarchies of power emerge in the market's history, constituting a powerful counterforce to the democratic tendencies privileged in other critical works. This essay ultimately proposes that La Salada's political composition can be understood in terms of the Aymara notion of ch'ixi, which Bolivian scholar Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui introduces to grasp complex historical realities without synthesizing opposed terms (as in theories of mestizaje or hybridity), but rather preserving their radical heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"150 ","pages":"380 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41283024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Workers in Latin America led by Mexico's Vicente Lombardo Toledano, founded the Confederación de Trabajadores de América Latina (CTAL) in Mexico City in September 1938. As a confederation of unions from Latin America as opposed to the Americas as a whole, the CTAL sought to provide leadership to advance workers' rights throughout the region. To do so, proponents had to negotiate tensions stemming from the diversity of Latin American politics and the personalities of those involved, as well as their relationships with international labor unions and the multi-lateral International Labour Organization. These conflicts, which were ultimately insurmountable, were evident from the confederation's inception. Although the CTAL unravelled by 1963, the confederation provided a space through which temporary alliances facilitated the exchange of ideas and legislative projects that shaped working conditions for decades to come. Based on the analysis of diplomatic correspondence and the periodical literature surrounding the founding of the CTAL, I show that although Latin American labor was unable to unite to overturn the international power dynamics and economic conditions that led to continued oppression, they were active in shaping the terms of their engagement with the global capitalist system.
摘要:1938年9月，在墨西哥工人Vicente Lombardo Toledano的领导下，拉丁美洲工人在墨西哥城成立了Confederación de Trabajadores de amacriica Latina (CTAL)。作为一个来自拉丁美洲的工会联盟，而不是整个美洲的工会联盟，CTAL试图在整个地区促进工人权利方面发挥领导作用。要做到这一点，支持者必须就拉丁美洲政治的多样性和有关人士的个性以及他们与国际工会和多边国际劳工组织的关系所造成的紧张局势进行谈判。这些最终无法克服的冲突从邦联成立之初就很明显。尽管CTAL在1963年解体，但该联盟提供了一个空间，通过这个空间，临时联盟促进了思想交流和立法项目，这些项目塑造了未来几十年的工作条件。基于对围绕CTAL成立的外交信函和期刊文献的分析，我表明，尽管拉丁美洲劳工无法团结起来推翻导致持续压迫的国际权力动态和经济条件，但他们积极地塑造了与全球资本主义体系接触的条件。
{"title":"\"Ambitions for Leadership\": Latin American Responses to Mexican Labor's Role in the Founding of the Confederación de Trabajadores de América Latina","authors":"Amelia M. Kiddle","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Workers in Latin America led by Mexico's Vicente Lombardo Toledano, founded the Confederación de Trabajadores de América Latina (CTAL) in Mexico City in September 1938. As a confederation of unions from Latin America as opposed to the Americas as a whole, the CTAL sought to provide leadership to advance workers' rights throughout the region. To do so, proponents had to negotiate tensions stemming from the diversity of Latin American politics and the personalities of those involved, as well as their relationships with international labor unions and the multi-lateral International Labour Organization. These conflicts, which were ultimately insurmountable, were evident from the confederation's inception. Although the CTAL unravelled by 1963, the confederation provided a space through which temporary alliances facilitated the exchange of ideas and legislative projects that shaped working conditions for decades to come. Based on the analysis of diplomatic correspondence and the periodical literature surrounding the founding of the CTAL, I show that although Latin American labor was unable to unite to overturn the international power dynamics and economic conditions that led to continued oppression, they were active in shaping the terms of their engagement with the global capitalist system.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"403 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46008782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La Joven Moderna in Interwar Argentina. Gender, Nation, and Popular Culture by Cecilia Tossounian (review)","authors":"Lucía Reyes de Deu","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"465 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41416209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mexico in the Time of Cholera by Donald Fithian Stevens (review)","authors":"Francie Chassen‐López","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"469 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48450320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The contribution of participatory institutions to good governance has been widely established, but empirical work continues to provide important insights into their impacts on the policy process. Brazil's Council on Food and Nutritional Security (Consea) is a case that demonstrates how participatory institutions empower civil society actors to direct the implementation of national policies in creative ways that can circumvent obstacles in the policy process and attend to local needs. In Rio de Janeiro, a coalition of civil society actors mobilized around the issue of urban agriculture through the Municipal Consea, reframing and reinterpreting national directives oriented towards rural family farming, which resulted in the expansion and implementation of these programs and altered the relationship between urban farmers and institutional actors. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in 2015-2016, consisting of interviews and participatory observation, this research analyzes the role of a local participatory institution in fostering collaboration among civil society, state-society relations, and institutional change.
{"title":"Reframing and Reinterpreting Policy: Participatory Institutions, Policy Implementation, and Mobilization around Urban Agriculture in Rio de Janeiro","authors":"Ezra Spira-Cohen","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The contribution of participatory institutions to good governance has been widely established, but empirical work continues to provide important insights into their impacts on the policy process. Brazil's Council on Food and Nutritional Security (Consea) is a case that demonstrates how participatory institutions empower civil society actors to direct the implementation of national policies in creative ways that can circumvent obstacles in the policy process and attend to local needs. In Rio de Janeiro, a coalition of civil society actors mobilized around the issue of urban agriculture through the Municipal Consea, reframing and reinterpreting national directives oriented towards rural family farming, which resulted in the expansion and implementation of these programs and altered the relationship between urban farmers and institutional actors. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in 2015-2016, consisting of interviews and participatory observation, this research analyzes the role of a local participatory institution in fostering collaboration among civil society, state-society relations, and institutional change.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"437 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46854391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trail of Footprints: A History of Indigenous Maps from Viceregal Mexico by Alex Hidalgo (review)","authors":"Felicia Lopez","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"467 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48093835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met: Border Making in Eighteenth-Century South America by Jeffrey Alan Erbig Jr. (review)","authors":"John Rennie Short","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"348 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42108035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:During his term in office, Donald Trump was consistently hostile toward Latin America and its people. Regardless of what they felt about him, Latin American leaders had no choice but to adapt to an era of confrontation and unpredictability. This paper uses the concept of autonomy to make a twofold argument. First, Trump accelerated an already existing trend whereby Latin American leaders increasingly looked to expand opportunities of all kinds with governments outside the hemisphere. Second, ideological and nationalist obstacles within Latin America slowed or even blocked autonomous action. Trump held open the autonomy door, so to speak, but many were hesitant to walk through it.
{"title":"Reaching for Autonomy: U.S.-Latin American Relations in the Trump Era","authors":"Gregory Weeks","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During his term in office, Donald Trump was consistently hostile toward Latin America and its people. Regardless of what they felt about him, Latin American leaders had no choice but to adapt to an era of confrontation and unpredictability. This paper uses the concept of autonomy to make a twofold argument. First, Trump accelerated an already existing trend whereby Latin American leaders increasingly looked to expand opportunities of all kinds with governments outside the hemisphere. Second, ideological and nationalist obstacles within Latin America slowed or even blocked autonomous action. Trump held open the autonomy door, so to speak, but many were hesitant to walk through it.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"325 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48233210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terms of Exchange: Brazilian Intellectuals and the French Social Sciences by Ian Merckel (review)","authors":"Micah Oelze","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"359 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45251692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyborgs, Sexuality, and the Undead: The Body in Mexican and Brazilian Speculative Fiction by Elizabeth M. Ginway (review)","authors":"K. Houston","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"364 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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