Abstract:The international political economy literature features competing explanations for when states move from protectionist to liberal trade policies, and when states transition from authoritarian to democratic regimes. The concepts of interests, institutions, and ideas are the most commonly accepted accounts for those transitions. I examine each of these concepts in order to explain Mexico's transition from a strict economic policy of import substitution industrialization (ISI) to one of trade liberalization following the 1982 debt crisis, identified as part of a critical juncture. In particular, I challenge the conventional belief that domestic institutions best explain transitions from ISI to trade liberalization, and the associated causal relationship between democratization and trade liberalization. I find democratization does not necessarily lead to trade liberalization. Using process tracing and in-depth case-oriented analysis, I identify the educational lineage of Mexico's executives and argue although interests and institutions played a role in the state's economic transition, the role of ideas has been overlooked and provides a nuanced causal explanation for the case. The research approach taken in this article allows for the framework to be transported to other states that underwent similar economic transitions without democratizing.
{"title":"Los Técnicos and the Role of Ideas: Unraveling Mexico's Transition to Trade Liberalization","authors":"Everett A. Vieira","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The international political economy literature features competing explanations for when states move from protectionist to liberal trade policies, and when states transition from authoritarian to democratic regimes. The concepts of interests, institutions, and ideas are the most commonly accepted accounts for those transitions. I examine each of these concepts in order to explain Mexico's transition from a strict economic policy of import substitution industrialization (ISI) to one of trade liberalization following the 1982 debt crisis, identified as part of a critical juncture. In particular, I challenge the conventional belief that domestic institutions best explain transitions from ISI to trade liberalization, and the associated causal relationship between democratization and trade liberalization. I find democratization does not necessarily lead to trade liberalization. Using process tracing and in-depth case-oriented analysis, I identify the educational lineage of Mexico's executives and argue although interests and institutions played a role in the state's economic transition, the role of ideas has been overlooked and provides a nuanced causal explanation for the case. The research approach taken in this article allows for the framework to be transported to other states that underwent similar economic transitions without democratizing.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"302 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44606887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atenco Lives! Filmmaking and Popular Struggle in Mexico by Livia K. Stone (review)","authors":"Richard Stahler-Sholk","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"362 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Italian Legacy in the Dominican Republic: History, Architecture, Economics, Society ed. by Andrea Canepari (review)","authors":"A. Moulton","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"350 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42515966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Revolution in Fragments: Traversing Scales of Justice, Ideology, and Practice in Bolivia by Mark Goodale (review)","authors":"Sara N. Hines","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"354 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46496256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Johnson, Amelia M. Kiddle, Ezra Spira-Cohen, W. Sorensen, Eben Levey, Lucía Reyes de Deu, Felicia Lopez, Francie Chassen‐López
Abstract:La Salada is a massive informal market complex located just outside the limits of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It has existed since the early 1990s, and in recent years it has become a strategically important site for studying the economic and political transformations not just of Argentina, but of the globalized world. This essay synthesizes and critiques existing perspectives on La Salada, focusing in particular on the political composition of the market complex. If the Argentine media has highlighted the mafiaesque rule of La Salada by a handful of powerful administrators, a series of critical works have unearthed significant democratic forms, such as open stallholder assemblies, at the base of the market's internal politics. This essay argues that, while these works have compellingly critiqued the media's perspective, they have not sufficiently addressed the interplay between democratic practices and the vertical hierarchies of power that emerge in La Salada's three-decade history. It studies Julián D'Angiolillo's 2010 documentary Hacerme feriante to show how, by bracketing the media's perspective, critical works reveal democratic tendencies at La Salada. It then turns to Sebastián Hacher's 2011 urban chronicle Sangre salada, which is unique among critical works due to its emphasis on real estate and the conquest of the patchwork of territories that make up La Salada. This focus on real estate allows for a nuanced understanding of how hierarchies of power emerge in the market's history, constituting a powerful counterforce to the democratic tendencies privileged in other critical works. This essay ultimately proposes that La Salada's political composition can be understood in terms of the Aymara notion of ch'ixi, which Bolivian scholar Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui introduces to grasp complex historical realities without synthesizing opposed terms (as in theories of mestizaje or hybridity), but rather preserving their radical heterogeneity.
{"title":"Contributors Page","authors":"Matthew Johnson, Amelia M. Kiddle, Ezra Spira-Cohen, W. Sorensen, Eben Levey, Lucía Reyes de Deu, Felicia Lopez, Francie Chassen‐López","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:La Salada is a massive informal market complex located just outside the limits of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It has existed since the early 1990s, and in recent years it has become a strategically important site for studying the economic and political transformations not just of Argentina, but of the globalized world. This essay synthesizes and critiques existing perspectives on La Salada, focusing in particular on the political composition of the market complex. If the Argentine media has highlighted the mafiaesque rule of La Salada by a handful of powerful administrators, a series of critical works have unearthed significant democratic forms, such as open stallholder assemblies, at the base of the market's internal politics. This essay argues that, while these works have compellingly critiqued the media's perspective, they have not sufficiently addressed the interplay between democratic practices and the vertical hierarchies of power that emerge in La Salada's three-decade history. It studies Julián D'Angiolillo's 2010 documentary Hacerme feriante to show how, by bracketing the media's perspective, critical works reveal democratic tendencies at La Salada. It then turns to Sebastián Hacher's 2011 urban chronicle Sangre salada, which is unique among critical works due to its emphasis on real estate and the conquest of the patchwork of territories that make up La Salada. This focus on real estate allows for a nuanced understanding of how hierarchies of power emerge in the market's history, constituting a powerful counterforce to the democratic tendencies privileged in other critical works. This essay ultimately proposes that La Salada's political composition can be understood in terms of the Aymara notion of ch'ixi, which Bolivian scholar Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui introduces to grasp complex historical realities without synthesizing opposed terms (as in theories of mestizaje or hybridity), but rather preserving their radical heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"379 - 379 - 380 - 402 - 403 - 436 - 437 - 460 - 461 - 462 - 463 - 464 - 465 - 466 - 467 - 468 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contested Nation: The Mapuche, Bandits, and State Formation in Nineteenth-Century Chile by Pilar Herr (review)","authors":"Romina A. Green Rioja","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"366 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47243861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Futbolera: A History of Women and Sports in Latin America by Brenda Elsey and Joshua Nadel (review)","authors":"K. Bowman","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"369 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:What are the experiences in the security state of foot soldiers who do not make key decisions but who implement them—by spying, seducing, detaining, disappearing, torturing, or killing? Are they better understood as victims or perpetrators of human rights violations? Based on research collected in US and Chilean archives on the assassination of Chilean exile Orlando Letelier, killed in Washington in 1976 by the iron-fisted August Pinochet dictatorship, my article addresses this main question by asking about the process of joining, working in, and leaving the security state. It focuses on three specific recruits—Michael Townley, an American-Chilean who built the car bomb that killed Letelier; Armando Fernández, a military man who helped spy on Letelier; and Mónica Lagos, a sex worker who attempted to seduce Letelier. All three worked for DINA, the Chilean secret police, for the Letelier assassination and other assignments. The public nature of the Letelier case—prosecuted to the fullest in both the United States and Chile—produced uniquely deep knowledge of the foot soldiers involved. All joined DINA desperate either for financial rescue or a sense of belonging; once inside DINA, all three found that those desires, patriotic or personal, clashed with the very secrecy of the secret police. They resented what was asked of them as they were kept in the dark. They lost their sense of belonging as their personal desires diverged from those of their employer. Once retired from DINA, all three, regardless of their personal circumstances, felt a deep sense of regret and shame. The article contributes to the historiography of the Chilean security state and to the theory on security states by understanding foot soldiers as "sub-perpetrators," responsible for their actions but operating in a repressive system stifling their options.
{"title":"Sub-Perpetrators in the Chilean Security State","authors":"Alan McPherson","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:What are the experiences in the security state of foot soldiers who do not make key decisions but who implement them—by spying, seducing, detaining, disappearing, torturing, or killing? Are they better understood as victims or perpetrators of human rights violations? Based on research collected in US and Chilean archives on the assassination of Chilean exile Orlando Letelier, killed in Washington in 1976 by the iron-fisted August Pinochet dictatorship, my article addresses this main question by asking about the process of joining, working in, and leaving the security state. It focuses on three specific recruits—Michael Townley, an American-Chilean who built the car bomb that killed Letelier; Armando Fernández, a military man who helped spy on Letelier; and Mónica Lagos, a sex worker who attempted to seduce Letelier. All three worked for DINA, the Chilean secret police, for the Letelier assassination and other assignments. The public nature of the Letelier case—prosecuted to the fullest in both the United States and Chile—produced uniquely deep knowledge of the foot soldiers involved. All joined DINA desperate either for financial rescue or a sense of belonging; once inside DINA, all three found that those desires, patriotic or personal, clashed with the very secrecy of the secret police. They resented what was asked of them as they were kept in the dark. They lost their sense of belonging as their personal desires diverged from those of their employer. Once retired from DINA, all three, regardless of their personal circumstances, felt a deep sense of regret and shame. The article contributes to the historiography of the Chilean security state and to the theory on security states by understanding foot soldiers as \"sub-perpetrators,\" responsible for their actions but operating in a repressive system stifling their options.","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"272 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44509713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unwriting Maya Literature: Ts'íib as Recorded Knowledge by M. Worley and Rita M. Palacios (review)","authors":"Paula L. Karger","doi":"10.1353/tla.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tla.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42355,"journal":{"name":"Latin Americanist","volume":"66 1","pages":"371 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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